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The Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Water and Heat Exchanges over the alpine wetland in the East of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第2期40卷 201-210页

作者： Jinlei CHEN Yuan YUAN Xianyu YANG Zuoliang WANG Shichang KANG Jun WEN State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Processes and Climate Change Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China College of Atmospheric Science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

alpine wetland is one of the typical underlying surfaces on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.It plays a crucial role in runoff regulation.Investigations on the mechanisms of water and heat exchanges are necessary to understand the land surface processes over the alpine wetland.This study explores the characteristics of hydro-meteorological factors with in situ observations and uses the Community Land Model 5 to identify the main factors controlling water and heat exchanges.Latent heat flux and thermal roughness length were found to be greater in the warm season(June–August)than in the cold season(December–February),with a frozen depth of 20–40 cm over the alpine wetland.The transfers of heat fluxes were mainly controlled by longwave radiation and air temperature and affected by root distribution.Air pressure and stomatal conductance were also important to latent heat flux,and soil solid water content was important to sensible heat flux.Soil temperature was dominated by longwave radiation and air temperature,with crucial surface parameters of initial soil liquid water content and total water content.The atmospheric control factors transitioned to precipitation and air temperature for soil moisture,especially at the shallow layer(5 cm).Meanwhile,the more influential surface parameters were root distribution and stomatal conductance in the warm season and initial soil liquid water content and total water content in the cold season.This work contributes to the research on the land surface processes over the alpine wetland and is helpful to wetland protection.

关键词： alpine wetland Qinghai-Tibet Plateau land surface processes atmospheric factor surface parameter

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Fluxes of methane,carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide in an alpine wetland and an alpine grassland of the Tianshan Mountains,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2014年第6期6卷 717-724页

作者： GuiXiang HE KaiHui LI XueJun LIU YanMing GONG YuKun HU Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University

Methane （OH4）, carbon dioxide （CO2） and nitrous oxide （N2O） are known to be major greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. To identify the flux dynamics of these greenhouse gases is, therefore, of great significance. In this paper, we conducted a comparative study on an alpine grassland and alpine wetland at the Bayinbuluk Grassland Eco-system Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences. By using opaque, static, manual stainless steel chambers and gas chromatography, we measured the fluxes of CH4, N2O and CO2 from the grassland and wetland through an in situ monitoring study from May 2010 to October 2012. The mean flux rates of CH4, N2O and CO2 for the experimental alpine wetland in the growing season （from May to October） were estimated at 322.4 μg/（m2.h）, 16.7 μg/（m2.h） and 76.7 mg/（m2.h）, respectively; and the values for the alpine grassland were -88.2 μg/（m2.h）, 12.7 μg/（m2.h）, 57.3 mg/（m2.h）, respectively. The gas fluxes showed large seasonal and annual variations, suggesting weak fluxes in the non-growing season. The relationships between these gas fluxes and environmental factors were analyzed for the two alpine ecosystems. The results showed that air temperature, precipitation, soil temperature and soil moisture can greatly influence the fluxes of CH4, N2O and CO2, but the alpine grassland and alpine wetland showed different feedback mechanisms under the same climate and environmental conditions.

关键词： alpine wetland alpine grassland CH4 N2O CO2 Tianshan Mountains

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alpine wetlands in the Lhasa River Basin, China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2010年第3期20卷 375-388页

作者： ZHANG Yili WANG Chunlian BAI Wanqi WANG Zhaofeng TU Yanli YANGJAEN Dor Gka Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resource Research （IGSNRR） CAS Beijing 100101 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Tibet Plateau Institute of Biology （TPIB） Lhasa 850001 china

The Lhasa River Basin is one of the typical distribution regions of alpine wetlands on the Tibetan Plateau. It is very important to get a better understanding of the background and characteristics of alpine wetland for monitoring, protection and utilization. wetland construction and distribution in the basin were analyzed based on multi-source data including field investigation data, CBERS remote sensing data and other thematic data provided by 3S technology. The results are （1） the total area of wetlands is 209,322.26 hm^2, accounting for 6.37% of the total land area of the basin. The wetlands are mainly dominated by natural wetland, with artificial wetland occupying only 1.09% of the wetland area; marsh wetland is the principal part of natural wetland, dominated by Kobresia littledalei swampy meadow which is distributed in the river source area and upstream of Chali, Damshung and Medro Gongkar counties. The ratio and type of wetlands in different counties differ significantly, which are widely distributed in Chali and Damshung counties （accounting for 62% of the total wetland area）. （2） The concentrated vertical distribution of wetlands is at an elevation of 3600-5100 m The wetlands are widely distributed throughout the Yarlung Zangbo River Valley from river source to river mouth into the Yarlung Zangbo River. Marsh wetland is dominant in the source area and upstream of the river, with the mosaic distribution of lakes, Kobresia litUedalei and Carex moorcroftii swampy meadow, shrubby swamp and river; as for the middle-down streams, the primary types are river wetland and flooded wetland. The distribution is in a mosaic pattern of river, Kobresia humilis and Carex moorcroftii swampy meadow, Phragmites australis and subordinate grass marsh, flooded wetland and artificial wetland.

关键词： Lhasa River Basin alpine wetland classification system distribution 3S technology

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Influence of proximity to the Qinghai-Tibet highway and railway on variations of soil heavy metal concentrations and bacterial community diversity on the Tibetan Plateau

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2019年第6期11卷 407-418页

作者： Xia Zhao JunFeng Wang Yun Wang Xiang Lu ShaoFang Liu YuBao Zhang ZhiHong Guo ZhongKui Xie RuoYu Wang Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province LanzhouGansu 730000China State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China

An understanding of soil microbial communities is crucial in roadside soil environmental assessments.The 16S rRNA se quencing of a stressed microbial community in soil adjacent to the Qinghai-Tibet Highway(QTH)revealed that the accu mulation of heavy metals(over about 10 years)has affected the diversity of bacterial abundance and microbial community structure.The proximity of a sampling site to the QTH/Qinghai-Tibet Railway(QTR),which is effectively a measure of the density of human engineering,was the dominant factor influencing bacterial community diversity.The diversity of bacterial communities shows that 16S rRNA gene abundance decreased in relation to proximity to the QTH and QTR in both alpine wetland and meadow areas.The dominant phyla across all samples were Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria.The concentration of Cr and Cd in the soil were positively correlated with proximity to the QTH and QTR(MC/WC sam pling sites),and Ni,Co,and V were positively correlated with proximity to the QTH and QTR(MA/WA sampling sites).The results presented in this study provide an insight into the relationships among heavy metals and soil microbial commu nities,and have important implications for assessing and predicting the impacts of human-induced activities from the QTH and QTR in such an extreme and fragile environment.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibet Highway(QTH) Qinghai-Tibet Railway(QTR) soil bacterial community alpine wetland

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Landscape relations to eco-environmental dynamics of the Sanjiangyuan Journal of Geographical Sciences Editorial

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2013年第5期23卷 771-774页

作者： Gary BRIERLEY HUANG Heqing School of Environment University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China

The Sanjiangyuan is a very special place. Its distinctive geography, ecology and history im- bue a suite of unique, irreplaceable values, in biophysical, socio-cultural and economic terms. Because of its high species richness and abundance of endemic species, this area, along with Southeast China and the Himalayan biodiversity hotspot,

关键词： Snow Leopard alpine wetland Blue Sheep Landscape Form Yellow River Source

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