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Gradient Temperature Raman Spectroscopy of Fatty Acids with One to Six Double Bonds Identifies Specific Carbons and Provides Systematic Three Dimensional Structures

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Journal of Biophysical Chemistry 2018年第1期9卷 1-14页

作者： C. Leigh Broadhurst Walter F. Schmidt Julie K. Nguyen Jianwei Qin Kuanglin Chao Moon S. Kim Environmental Microbiology and Food Safety Laboratory US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Beltsville MD USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD USA

Specialized pro-resolving mediators provide promising targets for new drugs and natural products. Much work has been accomplished on the structure/ function of the lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase enzymes but not on the substrates. A better visualization of three-dimensional lipid structures will allow increased refinement of the interactions that produce the pro-resolving mediators, and lead to improvements in synthetic pathways. We present systematic analysis of oleic (18:1n-9), linoleic (18:2n-6), alpha-linolenic (18:3n-3), arachidonic (20:4n-6), docosapentaenoic (22:5n-3), and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) acids. Continuous gradient temperature Raman spectroscopy (GTRS) applies the temperature gradients utilized in differential scanning calorimetry to Raman spectroscopy. GTRS can identify and differentiate specific carbon chain sites, finally allowing Raman analysis to explain why the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) exhibit such extreme functional differences despite minimal changes in chemical structure. Detailed vibrational analysis of the important frequency ranges 1450 - 1200 cm-1 (includes CH2 bending and twisting) and 1750 - 1425 cm-1 (includes C=C stretching and C-C stretching plus H-C in-plane rocking) shows for the first time that each molecule has its own characteristic set of modes with only some redundancy/commonality. The number and frequency of modes correlates with three-dimensional molecular structure, not the degree of unsaturation. The high degree of specificity of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase enzymes should be reconsidered in light of the fact that individual sites on the polyunsaturated fatty acid chain are nonequivalent, and each LC-PUFA molecule has an individual, specific three dimensional structure incorporating torsion.

关键词： Gradient Temperature Raman Spectroscopy Raman Spectroscopy Arachidonic Acid Docosapentaenoic Acid Docosahexaenoic Acid alpha-linolenic Acid N-3DPA DHA GTRS

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Docosahexaenoic Acid in Breast Milk Reflects Maternal Fish Intake in Iranian Mothers

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2012年第4期3卷 441-446页

作者： Beheshteh Olang Majid Hajifaraji Mohamed Atiya Ali Sophie Hellstrand Mohammad Palesh Ebrahim Azadnyia Zinat Kamali Birgitta Strandvik Agneta Yngve Department of Health Nutrition and Management Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences Oslo Norway Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute Faculty of Nutrition & Food Technology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Unit for Public Health Nutrition Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden

To estimate essential fatty acid (FA) and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) concentrations in early breast milk (BM) in relation to habitual fish intake. BM was collected within 72-hours after delivery from consecutively included mothers, 60 in Guilan (coastal) and 60 in Kermanshah (inland) provinces. Mothers were interviewed to com-plete a food frequency questionnaire. The FA composition was measured with gas chromatography. Mothers in the coastal area had higher intake of fish/seafood. Consumption of saturated fat was higher in Kermanshah and olive intake was higher in Guilan. High fish/seafood intake was associated with higher docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and lower arachidonic acid (AA)/DHA ratio in BM. There were no differences in linoleic and α-linolenic acid concentrations in BM between the provinces. N-3 FA and DHA concentration were significantly higher in Guilan than Kermanshah, but total n-6 FAs and AA did not differ and were high in both provinces. The ratios of total n-6/n-3 and AA/DHA in BM of mothers from Guilan were significantly lower than those in Kermanshah. The LCPUFA status in BM in two Iranian provinces was generally good and DHA was higher and the AA/DHA was significantly lower in mothers with high fish intake.

关键词： Essential Fatty Acids Docosahexaenoic Acid Arachidonic Acid Linoleic Acid alpha-linolenic Acid

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