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Hypothesis that alpha-amylase evokes regulatory mechanisms originating in the pancreas,gut and circulation,which govern glucose/insulin homeostasis

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World Journal of Diabetes 2023年第9期14卷 1341-1348页

作者： Stefan G Pierzynowski Christine Stier Kateryna Pierzynowska Department of Medical Biology Institute of Rural HealthLublin 20090Poland Department of Biology Lund UniversityLund 22362Sweden Anara AB Trelleborg 23132Sweden Department of General VisceralTransplantVascularand Pediatric Surgery and Division of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburg 97080Germany Department of Surgical Endoscopy Sana HospitalHuerth 50354Germany Department of Animal Physiology The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and NutritionJablonna 05110Poland Anagram Therapeutics IncFraminghamMA 01701United States

The anti-incretin theory involving the abolishment of diabetes type(DT)II by some of methods used in bariatric surgery,first appeared during the early years of the XXI century and considers the existence of anti-incretin ***,to date no exogenous or endogenous anti-incretins have been *** concept of the acini-islet-acinar axis assumes that insulin intra-pancreatically stimulates alpha-amylase synthesis(“halo phenomenon”)and in turn,alphaamylase reciprocally inhibits insulin production,thus making alpha-amylase a candidate for being an ***,gut as well as plasma alphaamylase,of pancreatic and other origins,inhibits the appearance of dietary glucose in the blood,lowering the glucose peak after iv or oral glucose *** effect of alpha-amylase can be interpreted as an insulin down regulatory mechanism,possibly limiting the depletion of pancreatic beta cells and preventing their *** observations agree with the above statements,where patients with high blood alpha-amylase concentrations are seldom obese and seldom develop ***-DT2,as well as DT1 patients,usually develop exocrine pancreatic insufficiency(EPI)and vice ***,DT2 patients develop DT1,when the pancreatic beta cells are exhausted and insulin production *** on biliopancreatic diversion(BPD)and on BPD with duodenal switch,a type of bariatric surgery,as well as studies on EPI pigs,allow us to observe and investigate the above-mentioned phenomena of intra-pancreatic interactions.

关键词： Pancreas alpha-amylase Acini-islet-acinar axis Hyperglycaemia Bariatrics Insulin Incretins Glucosedependent insulinotropic polypeptide Glucagon-like peptide-1 Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency Pancreatic enzyme therapy Diabetes

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The association of salivary alpha-amylase, heart rate variability, and psychological stress on objectively measured sleep behaviors among college students

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Frontiers of Nursing 2022年第1期9卷 63-70页

作者： Minhee Suh Department of Nursing Inha UniversityMichuhol-GuIncheon 22212Republic of Korea

Objective:This study aimed to evaluate sleep behaviors among college students,to assess salivary alpha-amylase(sAA)and heart rate variability(HRV)in association with stress,and to investigate sleep-related factors including sAA,HRV,and stress among ***:Saliva samples for sAA assessment and HRV measurements in the supine position were taken between 3 PM and 6 *** level of prolonged psychological stress for the previous week was evaluated using the Korean version of the Global Assessment of Recent Stress(GARS-K),and sleep behaviors were assessed using an actigraphy ***:A total of 86 healthy college students participated in this *** behaviors of the college students were not good,with 84%sleep efficiency(SE)and 62.7 min wake after sleep onset(WASO).The average sAA level was 65.8 U/mL in the *** neither the sAA level nor HRV indices were significantly correlated with prolonged psychological stress,decreased normalized high frequency(nHF)on HRV was independently associated with a higher level of stress when adjusted for age and *** stress(r=-0.276,P=0.011)and lower sAA(r=0.266,P=0.030)had significant correlations with shorter time in bed;however,it was sAA that was independently associated with time in bed(β=0.244,p=0.044).Decreased nHF(β=0.245,P=0.027)and higher body mass index(BMI)(β=-0.224,P=0.043)were independently related to and poorer ***:Poor sleep behaviors were associated with decreased parasympathetic activity,a physiological change to psychological stress,rather than with psychological stress itself among college ***,sAA and HRV should be considered as significant factors for impaired sleep behaviors in relation to psychological stress.

关键词： alpha-amylase psychological stress Autonomic nervous system heart rate variability sleep

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Salivary alpha-amylase Reactivity under Psycho-Physiological Stress. A Nonverbal Communication Measurement Tool?

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2011年第1期1卷 12-15页

作者： Takuji Inagaki Masa Ieda Satoko Yamashita Tsuyoshi Miyaoka Jun Horiguchi 不详

Previous studies have shown that changes in salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) levels are dependent on psychosocial stress stimulation and reflect the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. sAA measurement can be performed easily and quickly;therefore, it may be useful for evaluating psychosocial or physical stress. The aim of this preliminary study was to examine the use of sAA measurements as objective indicators of psychological and physiological stress levels by examining sAA changes in volunteers subjected to conditions similar to those suffered by children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities and cerebral paralysis. Twelve healthy volunteers were required to not move or speak, as is found in patients suffering from total paralysis, for 30 min. Saliva samples were taken at three points, and sAA activity was measured using a hand-held monitor before the test, immediately after the test, and 10 min after the test. In the present study, a marked increase in sAA activity due to physiological stress and a rapid return to the baseline level were observed. Many subjects felt bodily pain and psychotic discomfort. This measurement method is useful for evaluating stress in children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities, who can not fully express their emotions or communicate with their caregivers.

关键词： Nonverbal Communication Psychological Stress Physiological Stress Salivary alpha-amylase Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities

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Increase in Salivary alpha-amylase Levels among Non-Attending Junior High School Students Diagnosed with Social Anxiety Disorder

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2017年第8期7卷 360-369页

作者： Takuji Inagaki Michiharu Nagahama Kiminori Kawano Rei Wake Tsuyoshi Miyaoka Jun Horiguchi Department of Psychology and Special Support Education Faculty of Education Shimane University Matsue Japan Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine Shimane University Izumo Japan

Purpose: Several studies have demonstrated that the measurement of salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) levels is a useful tool for evaluating the autonomic nervous system. Psychosocial stress increases the release of sAA as a useful marker for autonomic nervous system (ANS). To our knowledge, although some studies have evaluated sAA levels under psychosocial stress, no studies have investigated the changes in sAA activity that occur in junior high school students who are not attending school due to social anxiety disorder (SAD). We aimed to investigate the relationship between the sAA levels and psychiatric states of such patients. Methods: The study subjects consisted of SAD patients (n = 39) and healthy controls (n = 57). We used a portable hand-held monitor to measure the level of sAA and State-Trait Anxiety Index (STAI) to evaluate the psychiatric state. Results: The patients’ sAA activity was significantly higher than that of the controls (n = 57) (p < 0.001). Significant differences in heart rate (HR) (76.10 ± 11.96 vs. 68.69 ± 10.61, respectively, p < 0.01) and STAI scores (both the STAI-State and STAI-Trait scores) (49.35 ± 10.57 vs. 41.24 ± 8.59, respectively, p < 0.01;55.69 ± 10.44 vs. 45.61 ± 9.36, respectively, p < 0.001) were detected between the patients and healthy controls. Conclusions: These results indicated that junior high school students with SAD exhibit a higher state of anxiety and high autonomic activity, probably due to changes in the sympathetic nervous system. As a result, junior high school students with SAD are expected to exhibit high levels of sAA accompanied by anxiety symptoms.

关键词： Autonomic Function Junior High School Salivary alpha-amylase School Non-Attendance Social Anxiety Disorder

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Potential of fungal thermostable alpha amylase enzyme isolated from Hot springs of Central Anatolia(Turkey)in wheat bread quality

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Food Bioscience 2022年第1期45卷 214-222页

作者： Arzu Unal Asiye Seis Subasi Semra Malkoc Ijlal Ocak SElif Korcan Elif Yetilmezer Seyhun Yurdugül Hülya Yaman Turgay Sanal Alaettin Keceli Igdır University Faculty of AgricultureDepartment of Agricultural BiotechnologyI˘gdırTurkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Field Crops Central Research Institute Department of Quality and TechnologyAnkaraTurkey Eskisehir Technical University Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Environmental EngineeringEskisehirTurkey Afyon Kocatepe University Faculty of EducationDepartment of Mathematics and Science EducationDivision of Science EducationAfyonTurkey Usak University Vocational School of Health ServicesMedical Laboratory Techniques ProgramUsakTurkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Field Crops Central Research Institute Department of BiotechnologyAnkaraTurkey Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Faculty of Arts and ScienceDepartment of BiologyBoluTurkey Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Vocational School of the Technical Sciences of BoluFood Technology ProgramBoluTurkey Pamukkale University School of Applied SciencesDepartment of Organic Farming Business ManagementDenizliTurkey

Many industrial processes may quickly proceed with biotechnological and enzymatic *** and production facilitator properties of enzymes have provided variable advantages for ***,enzyme utilization has become inevitable for industry and supplied financial advantages in case of the high energy requirement *** the study,the amylase enzymes were isolated from thermal spring sources,and the effect on bread quality was ***,fungal amylases were isolated from thermal spring sources(29-98◦C)in various places around *** determining the functional properties of amylase enzymes,the most active enzyme was used in bread production to examine their effect on bread *** maximum alpha-amylase activity(38.6 U/mg)has been detected in Aspergillus niger G 2-1 *** compared with the commercially available one,native alpha-amylase increased the bread volume.A significant difference(palpha-amylase addition showed the optimum bread properties for dough processing.

关键词： alpha-amylase Thermal spring Quality of bread Commercial enzymes

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Tylophora hirsuta L. leaf extract attenuates alloxan-induced diabetes in mice by suppressing oxidative stress and α-amylase

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2021年第9期11卷 394-404页

作者： Muhammad Furqan Akhtar Arsalan Shagufta Ammara Saleem Mirza Muhammad Faran Ashraf Baig Ali Sharif Azhar Rasul Mohamed M.Abdel-Daim Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Riphah International UniversityLahore CampusLahorePakistan Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan Laboratory of Stem Cells Research and Biomedical Engineering for Novel Biofunctional and Pharmaceutical NanomaterialsFaculty of DentistryPrince Philip Dental HospitalThe University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Institute of Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health SciencesLahore College for Women UniversityJail RoadLahorePakistan Department of Zoology Government College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan Pharmacology Department Faculty of Veterinary MedicineSuez Canal UniversityIsmailia 41522Egypt

Objective:To evaluate the antidiabetic potential of leaf extracts of Tylophora hirsuta(***).Methods:The methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of *** leaves were analyzed by high pressure liquid *** vitro antioxidant activity was determined by ferric ion reduction,1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,and hydrogen peroxide scavenging *** vitro alpha amylase(α-amylase)inhibitory activity of the plant extracts was *** vivo antidiabetic potential was determined in alloxan-induced diabetic mice to assess glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),oral glucose tolerance,serum amylase,lipid profile,fasting blood glucose,and body *** lesions of the pancreas,liver and kidney were *** stress biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase,catalase and peroxidase were also ***:Quercetin,chlorogenic acid,p-coumaric acid,and m-coumaric acid were found in the plant *** methanolic plant extract exhibited higher in vitro antioxidant activities than the ethyl acetate ***,methanolic plant extract exhibited(83.90±1.56)%α-amylase inhibitory activity at 3.2 mg/mL *** study showed that the methanolic extract of *** improved the levels of fasting blood glucose,HbA1c,serumα-amylase,lipid profile,liver function biomarkers,and kidney functions of diabetic ***,the methanolic extract ameliorated diabetes-related oxidative stress by increasing superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and decreasing peroxidase and malondialdehyde *** examination showed that the plant extract had improved the integrity of pancreatic islets of Langerhans and reduced the pathological lesions in the liver and kidney of diabetic ***:The methanolic extract of *** exhibits pronounced antidiabetic activity in mice through reduction of oxidative *** plant extract has several natural antioxidants such as phenolic *** extract could serve as a nutra

关键词： Tylophora hirsuta Diabetes mellitus Oxidative stress alpha-amylase Phenolic compounds Pancreas

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Phytochemical analysis,antioxidant,acetylcholinesterase,andα-amylase inhibitors from Hippeastrum hybridum extract

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024年第3期44卷 496-504页

作者： Naila Sher Mushtaq Ahmed Nadia Mushtaq Department of Biotechnology University of Science and Technology Bannu-KPK 28100Pakistan Department of Botany University of Science and Technology Bannu-KPK 28100Pakistan

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Hippeastrum hybridum(HH)as a free radical scavenger,and an inhibitor of the two enzymes i-e alpha-amylase(α-amylase)and acetylcholinesterase(AChE).METHODS:In this study,HH plant was preliminary analyzed for phytochemical screening and then tested for its antioxidant,anti-α-amylase,and anti-AChE efficiency via standard ***:Phytochemical analysis shows the existence of different compounds;while Coumarins and quinones were *** total phenolic,flavonoid,and tannins content were found to be(78.52±0.69)mg GAE/g,(2.01±0.04)mg RUE/g,and(58.12±0.23)mg TAE/g of plant extract respectively.28.02%±0.02%alkaloid and 2.02%±0.05%saponins were present in the HH *** HH extract showed the anti-oxidant property with IC50(50%inhibition)of(151.01±0.13)(HH),(79.01±0.04)(Ascorbic acid)for ferric reducing,(91.48±0.13)(HH),(48.02±0.11)(Ascorbic acid)against Ammonium molybdenum,(156.02±0.31)(HH),(52.38±0.21)(Ascorbic acid)against DPPH,136.01±0.21(HH),52.02±0.31(Ascorbic acid)against H_(2)O_(2),and 154.12±0.03(HH),(40.05±0.15)(Ascorbic acid)μg/mL against ABTS *** analysis indicated that HH caused a competitive type of inhibition ofα-amylase(V_(max)remained constant and Km increases from 10.65 to84.37%)while Glucophage caused the un-competitive type of inhibition i-e both Km and V_(max)decreased from40.49 to 69.15%and 38.86 to 69.61%*** K_(i),(inhibition constant);K_(I),(dissociation constant),K_(m),(Michaelis-Menten constant),and IC50 were found to be62,364,68.1,and 38.08±0.22 for HH and 12,101.05,195,34.01±0.21 for ***,HH causes an anon-competitive type of inhibition of AChE i-e Km remains constant while V_(max)decreases from 60.5%to74.1%.The calculated K_(i),K_(I),K_(m),and IC50 were found to be 32,36.2,0.05,and 18.117±***:From the current results,it is concluded that HH extract contains bioactive compounds,and could be a good alternative to controlling oxidant

关键词： Hippeastrum hybridum phytochemicals antioxidant alpha-amylase acetylcholinesterase

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In vitro inhibition activity of polyphenol-rich extracts from Syzygium aromaticum(L.)Merr.& Perry(Clove)buds against carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes and Fe^(2+)-induced lipid peroxidation in rat pancreas

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第10期2卷 774-781页

作者： Stephen Adeniyi Adefegha Ganiyu Oboh Department of Biochemistry Federal University of TechnologyAkure

To investigate and compare the inhibitory properties of free and bound phenolic extracts of clove bud against carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes (alpha-amylase & alpha-glucosidase) and Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation in rat pancreas in vitro. Methods: The free phenolics were extracted with 80% (v/v) acetone, while bound phenolics were extracted from the alkaline and acid hydrolyzed residue with ethyl acetate. Then, the interaction of the extracts with alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase was subsequently assessed. Thereafter, the total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined. Results: The result revealed that both extracts inhibited alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase in a dose-dependent manner. However, the alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the extracts were significantly (Palpha-amylase inhibitory activity. The free phenolics (31.67 mg/g) and flavonoid (17.28 mg/g) contents were significantly (P<0.05) higher than bound phenolic (23.52 mg/g) and flavonoid (13.70 mg/g) contents. Both extracts also exhibited high antioxidant activities as typified by their high reducing power, 1,1 diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) radical scavenging abilities, as well as inhibition of Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation in rat pancreas in vitro. Conclusions: This study provides a biochemical rationale by which clove elicits therapeutic effect on type 2 diabetes.

关键词： alpha-amylase alpha-glucosidase Fe^(2+)-induced lipid peroxidation Pancrea Phenol Antioxidant

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Optimum Conditions for Bioethanol Production from Potato of Bangladesh

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2014年第6期5卷 501-507页

作者： Abul Kalam Azad Nilufa Yesmin Shanjit Kumar Sarker Abdus Sattar Rezaul Karim Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Rajshahi University Rajshahi Bangladesh Institute of Environmental Science Rajshahi University Rajshahi Bangladesh Institute of Food Science & Technology Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Dhaka Bangladesh

Bangladesh produces a huge amount of potatoes every year. This research was carried out to find the optimum conditions for bioethanol production from potato of Bangladesh. From this study, optimum growth of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae CCD) was observed at pH 6.0 and temperature 31°C. Addition of a small amount of alpha-amylase enzyme to potato solution was found to enhance the potato starch degradation and made the fermentation process quicker. This study observed that 1750 unit alpha-amylase is enough to degrade the starch in 15% of 500 ml potato starch solution. From fermentation time study, 6-day incubation time was found to be enough to complete the fermentation process and optimum production of bioethanol form potato starch. Suitable concentration of potato in fermentation process was determined using five different potato solutions (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30%). A highest production of bioethanol was found in ?20% potato treatment. Therefore, 20% potato solution is recommended for high-scale production of bioethanol from potato starch.

关键词： Potato Bio-Ethanol Fermentation alpha-amylase

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Optimization of Fermentation Conditions of Acid Resistant α-amylase Producing Strain

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2010年第8期11卷 73-76页

作者：刘雅琴乌日娜段金华北方民族大学生物科学与工程学院宁夏银川750021

[Objective] The aim was to optimize the fermentation conditions of acid resistant α-amylase producing strain. [Method] Based on the selection of an acid resistant α-amylase producing strain,the fermentation conditions including C,N contents and initial pH of culture medium,seed age,inoculum size,rotation speed of shake flask and fermentation temperature were optimized. [Result] The optimum fermentation conditions for acid resistant α-amylase producing strain were：seed age 14 h,inoculum size 8%,initial pH 5.5,fermentation temperature 35 ℃,rotation speed 150 r/min,the volume of inoculum broth 25 ml,C content 1.0% and N content 0.5%. [Conclusion] Under the optimum fermentation conditions,α-amylase activity reached 31.4 U/ml,which was 65.3 % higher than that before optimization.

关键词： alpha-amylase Enzyme activity Fermentation Optimization

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