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Effect of welding process on the microstructure and properties of dissimilar weld joints between low alloy steel and duplex stainless steel

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2012年第6期19卷 518-524页

作者： Jing Wang Min-xu Lu Lei Zhang Wei Chang Li-ning Xu Li-hua Hu Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Research Institute of China National Offshore Oil Corporation Beijing 100027 China

To obtain high-quality dissimilar weld joints, the processes of metal inert gas （MIG） welding and tungsten inert gas （TIG） welding for duplex stainless steel （DSS） and low alloy steel were compared in this paper. The microstructure and corrosion morphology of dissimilar weld joints were observed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）; the chemical compositions in different zones were detected by en- ergy-dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）; the mechanical properties were measured by microhardness test, tensile test, and impact test; the corro- sion behavior was evaluated by polarization curves. Obvious concentration gradients of Ni and Cr exist between the fusion boundary and the type II boundary, where the hardness is much higher. The impact toughness of weld metal by MIG welding is higher than that by TIG weld- ing. The corrosion current density of TIG weld metal is higher than that of MIG weld metal in a 3.5wt% NaC1 solution. Galvanic corrosion happens between low alloy steel and weld metal, revealing the weakness of low alloy steel in industrial service. The quality of joints pro- duced by MIG welding is better than that by TIG welding in mechanical performance and corrosion resistance. MIG welding with the filler metal ER2009 is the suitable welding process for dissimilar metals jointing between UNS $31803 duplex stainless steel and low alloy steel in practical application.

关键词： dissimilar metals welds stainless steel alloy steel microstructure mechanical properties corrosion

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Enhancement of Strength–Ductility Balance of the Laser Melting Deposited 12CrNi2 alloy steel Via Multi-step Quenching Treatment

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2021年第9期34卷 1234-1244页

作者： Wei Zhang Zhi-Hong Dong Hong-Wei Kang Chen Yang Yu-Jiang Xie Mohamad Ebrahimnia Xiao Peng School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230000China Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Zhejiang Handsome Intelligent Remanufacturing Technology Co.Ltd jiaxing 314000China School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanchang Hangkong UniversityNanchang 330063China

A ferrite–austenite 12CrNi2 alloy steel additively manufactured by laser melting deposition(LMD) was heat treated by direct quenching(DQ) and tempering inter-critical quenching(TIQ) at 800 ℃ for enhancing its strength–ductility balance. Both heat-treated alloy steels have the martensite–ferrite dual-phase(DP) microstructures. The volume fractions of martensite in the two treated alloy steels are nearly similar(~ 85 vol%), while the sizes of the prior austenitic grain for martensite are different. The martensite-dominated DP microstructure resulted in an obvious improvement in strength–ductility balance of the alloy steel. Compared with the DQ treatment, the multi-step TIQ treatment caused the strength–ductility balance of the alloy steel to be enhanced due to its higher total elongation. The better ductility of the TIQ-treated alloy steel can be attributed to the optimization of the microstructure. The preferred orientation of ferritic grain in the as-deposited alloy steel which was adverse to plastic deformation through dislocation slip was eliminated via the multi-step TIQ treatment. Moreover, the TIQ treatment promoted the formation of finer-grained martensite with larger areas of grain boundaries and twinning boundaries which resulted in the enhancement of the coordinated deformability of the martensite with the ferrite.

关键词： Laser melting deposition alloy steel Dual-phase microstructure Mechanical property Work-hardening rate

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Tailoring microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of a high-performance alloy steel through controlled thermal cycles of a direct laser depositing process

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China Foundry 2021年第5期18卷 463-473页

作者： Shi-yun Dong Xuan Zhao Shi-xing Yan Yao-hui Lü Xiao-ting Liu Yu-xin Liu Peng He Bin-shi Xu National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing Army Academy of Armored ForcesBeijing 100072China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

Direct laser deposition(DLD),as a popular metal additive manufacturing process,shows advantages of technical flexibility and high efficiency to gain a high-performance alloy steel component.However,during the processing of DLD,the deposited steel layer is affected by the subsequent layer depositing.The DLD block shows different microstructure and mechanical properties at the bottom,middle and top of the deposited parts.To date,there are few research works about the effects of inter-layer interval time and laser power on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the deposited layers.In this study,the idle time and laser power layer by layer during DLD of 12CrNi2 steel were controlled to cause the deposited layers to maintain a high cooling rate,while the bottom deposited layer was subjected to a weak tempering effect.Results show that a high proportion of martensite is produced,which improves the strength of the deposited layer.Under the laser scanning strategy of laser power 2,500 W,scanning velocity 5 mm·s^(-1),powder feeding rate 11 g·min^(-1),overlap rate 50%,and a laser power difference of 50 W and a 2 min interval,the tensile strength of the deposited layer of 12CrNi2 steel is in the range of 873-1,022 MPa,and the elongation is in the range of 16.2%-18.9%.This study provides a method to reduce the tempering effect of the subsequent deposition layers on the bottom layers,which can increase the proportion of martensite in the low-alloy high-strength steel,so as to improve the yield strength of the alloy steel.

关键词： alloy steel direct laser deposition thermal cycles microstructure evolution mechanical properties

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Behavior of MgO·Al_2O_3 Based Inclusions in alloy steel During Refining Process

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Journal of Iron and steel Research(International) 2010年第7期17卷 1-6页

作者： YANG Shu-feng LI Jing-she ZHANG Li-feng Kent Peaslee WANG Zai-fei School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 1000.83 China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla 65401 M. issouri USA

The transformation of MgO· Al2O based inclusions in alloy steel during refining has been studied by in- dustrial trials. Besides Factsage software is used to sttidy the formation and modification of spinel inclusions in alloy steel using calcium treatment during refining process. The results show that the transformation sequence of inclu- sions is：MgO· Al2O→CaO-Al2O3-MgO complex inclusions--→MgO· Al2O, and under present experimental con- dition, in order to avoid forming MgO· Al2O inclusions the content of dissolved Ca in the molten steel has to reach 1 × 10-6. Also the results show that when more calcium was added to molten steel, the content of Alz 03 and MgO will be lower. Besides, increasing the content of CaO in the inclusions will increase even if tlae content of SiO2 changes little.

关键词： alloy steel non-metallic inclusion MgO· Al2O spinel thermodynamics

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The Effect of Microstructure of Hot Rolled alloy steel Wire Rods on Cold Heading Annealing Process

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Journal of Iron and steel Research(International) 2011年第S1期18卷 437-441页

作者： DENG Su-huai 1,WANG Li-ping 1,LI Su-jia 1,XIAO Shu-yong 2 (1.ShouGang Research Institute of Technology,China 2.Shougang High Speed Wire Mill,China)

Cold heading carbon steels for 8.8 grade fasteners are mostly produced by pouring reel or spooler plant.Currently,with improvement of cold heading equipment,the 10.9 grade fasteners produced by cold heading have replaced most of hot forged fasteners gradually.As well known,wire rod coil has been used to produce alloy steels.The properties and microstructures of medium carbon alloy steels,such as B7,ML40Cr and SCM435,produced by wire rod coils under hot rolled condition and after spheroidization,have been investigated.In this paper,the effect of microstructure of hot rolled steel wire rods on cold heading annealing process was studied.The results show that the hardness of wire rod coil products is generally lower than that of bar products by 5 ～ 10 HRB and the ferrite fraction in wire rod coil products is higher.After spheroidization treatment,the hardness value and spheroidization grade of wire rod coil products are relatively low.alloy steels of wire rod coils can be directly drawn slightly and the annealing time can be reduced at the same time.This practice is much helpful for energy conservation.

关键词： wire rod coil alloy steel cold heading annealing

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AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR COMPUTER AIDED alloy steel DESIGN—ASPRES

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 1993年第8期6卷 168-171页

作者： CHEN Yu CHEN Nianyi Shanghai institute of Metallurgy,Academia Sinica,Shanghai,China PENG Ping KONG Bingyu Iron and steel Research Institute,Shanghai Baoshan Iron and steel Complex,Shanghai,China professor,Shanghai Institute of Metallurgy,Academia Sinica,Shanghai 200050,China

An alloy steel pattern recognition expert system,ASPRES,has been established for the purpose of computer aided optimal design of alloy steel in compositions and process pa- rameters,Pattern recognition techniques are used to abstract inner relationship between mechanical properties and process variables.The ASPRES uses 2-dimensional graph as visual knowledge to represent domain expertise of specific object.Forward and back- ward chaining can be utilized by researcher in predicting sample performances or giving helpful suggestions about the chemical compositions and process parameters according to desired properties.

关键词： pattern recognition expert system alloy steel

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Sensitivity of the Impact Toughness and Microstructure of 15CrNi3MoV steel Under Different Quenching Rates

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2023年第10期36卷 1735-1748页

作者： Bing Wang Hong-Lin Zhang Bin Xu Hai-Yang Jiang Ming-Yue Sun Dian-Zhong Li Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang110016China Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China

The sensitivities of the mechanical properties and microstructure of 15CrNi3MoV alloy steel under different quenching rates were investigated in the present study.After subjection to quenching with four different cooling rates(water cooling,forced air cooling,static air cooling and furnace cooling)followed by tempering,the microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electron back-scattered diffraction(EBSD),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM);and the low-temperature(−20°C)impact toughness was evaluated.The results showed that the tempered microstructure and mechanical properties had high sensitivity to the quenching rate.With a decrease in the quenching rate,the low-temperature impact energy of tempered specimens decreased with increasing fluctuation.Correspondingly,the fracture morphology changed from completely ductile to brittle.In addition,as the quenching cooling rate decreased,the as-quenched matrix changed from a lathy to a polygonal structure with the presence of carbides and martensite-austenite(M-A)constituents,and the effective grain size increased.Tempered martensite with dispersed fine carbides was found in the tempered water cooling specimen,and tempered bainite with a polygonal structure containing large carbides and rare incomplete undecomposed M-A constituents was found in the tempered forced air cooling,static air cooling and furnace cooling specimens.The small effective grain size and fine carbides contributed to the good temperature impact toughness of the tempered water cooling specimens.

关键词： alloy steel Quenching cooling rate Impact toughness Martensite-austenite(M-A)constituents Carbides

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A review of the effect of tungsten alloying on the microstructure and properties of steels

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Tungsten 2023年第4期5卷 440-466页

作者： Jun-Jie Lian Xiao-Guang Ma Zheng-Yi Jiang Chong Soo Lee Jing-Wei Zhao College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan030024China Engineering Research Center of Advanced Metal Composites Forming Technology and Equipment Ministry of EducationTaiyuan030024China Taiyuan University of Technology-University of Wollongong(TYUT-UOW)Joint Research Center Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan030024China School of Mechanical MaterialsBiomedical and Mechatronic EngineeringUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSW2522Australia TYUT‑UOW Joint Research Center University of WollongongWollongongNSW2522Australia Graduate Institute of Ferrous and Energy Materials Technology Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang37673South Korea

With the continuous development of science and technology,the increasingly severe service environment makes people put forward higher requirements for the performance of alloy steel.Tungsten has unique properties such as excellent strength,high density and good hardness,and its addition as an alloying element will change the properties of alloy steel.This paper aims to summarize the effect of the addition of tungsten on the micro structure and mechanical properties of alloy steel.The background of research and application of tungsten alloyed steel is presented initially.Then,the preparation methods of tungsten alloyed steel are described.Next,the effect of tungsten incorporation on the microstructure of alloy steel is reviewed.Finally,the effects of tungsten addition on the mechanical properties,corrosion resistance and hydrogen embrittlement resistance of the alloy steel are reviewed.This review provides an outlook on the development of tungsten alloyed steel,which will stimulate more in-depth research and ultimately promote the practical application of tungsten alloyed steel.

关键词： Tungsten alloy steel Microstructure Properties

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Incubation and development of corrosion in microstructures of low alloy steels under a thin liquid film of NaCl aqueous solution

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2010年第6期17卷 748-755页

作者： Wen-hua Zhang Shan-wu Yang Jia Guo Zhi-yong Liu Xin-lai He School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China

Electrochemical measurement, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were employed to investigate the corrosion behavior of some low alloy steels. The steels were held under a thin liquid film of 0.5wt% NaCl aqueous solution. It is found that the steels with the same chemical composition but different micmstructures exhibit obviously different corrosion behaviors. However, the corrosion behavior of the steels with different compositions but the same microstructnres may be similar in the present investigation. The corrosion rate of bainite is slower than that of ferrite and pearlite. The corrosion products of bainite are uniform and fine. The size of carbon-rich phases produces a great impact on the corrosion of the steels, whether in the initial stage or in the long tenn. It is easy to induce large pitting for carbon-rich phases with large size, which damages the compactness of the rust layer.

关键词： alloy steel microstructure atmospheric corrosion liquid films scanning electron microscope

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Effects of stress ratio on the temperature-dependent high-cycle fatigue properties of alloy steels

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2016年第12期23卷 1387-1396页

作者： Zhi-yang Lv Ao-shuang Wan Jun-jiang Xiong Kuang Li Jian-zhong Liu School of Transportation Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials Beijing 100095China

This paper addresses the effects of stress ratio on the temperature-dependent high-cycle fatigue （HCF） properties of alloy steels 2CrMo and 9CrCo, which suffer from substantial vibrational loading at small stress amplitude, high stress ratio, and high frequency in the high-temperature environments in which they fimcfion as blade and rotor spindle materials in advanced gas or steam turbine engines. Fatigue tests were performed on alloy steels 2CrMo and 9CrCo subjected to constant-amplitude loading at four stress ratios and at four and three temperatures, respectively, to determine their temperature-dependent HCF properties. The interaction mechanisms between high temperature and stress ratio were deduced and compared with each other on the basis of the results of fractographic analysis. A phenomenological model was developed to evaluate the effects of stress ratio on the temperature-dependent HCF properties of alloy steels 2CrMo and 9CrCo. Good correlation was achieved between the predictions and actual experiments, demonstrating the practical and effective use of the proposed method.

关键词： alloy steel metal fatigue fatigue properties elevated temperature stress ratio

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