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alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates in dust from homes, offices and computer laboratories: Implication for personal exposure via inadvertent dust ingestion

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Emerging Contaminants 2017年第4期3卷 127-131页

作者： Ovokeroye A.Abafe Tlou B.Chokwe Jonathan O.Okonkwo Bice S.Martincigh Agricultural Research Council-OVR 100 Old Soutpan RoadOnderstepoortPretoria0110South Africa Rand Water Scientific Services 2 Barrage RoadVereeniging1930South Africa Department of Water Environmental and Earth SciencesTshwane University of Technology175 Mandela RoadPretoria0001South Africa School of Chemistry and Physics University of KwaZulu-NatalPrivate Bag X54001Durban4000South Africa

In the present study,the levels of alkylphenols(APs)and alkylphenol ethoxylates(APEs)in indoor dust of three different microenvironments were measured and daily intake via dust ingestion *** and alkylphenol ethoxylates were extracted with the aid of sonication and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry after heptafluorobutyric anhydride *** concentration values of these pollutants ranged from 1918e10935 ng g1;343e12438 ng g1 and 1122 e15324 ng g1 in dust samples from homes,computer laboratories and offices,*** all the microenvironment studied,di-NPE and mono-NPE were the most abundant isomers suggesting widespread use of NPE-based consumer products in the studied *** daily exposure dose(DED)was estimated using min,mean and max concentrations of APs and APEs detected in respected *** worst case scenario for the exposure of APEs was highest for toddlers at 146 ng kg1 bw day1 followed by teenagers at 11.3 ng kg1 bw day1 and adults at daily exposure of 8.53 ng kg1 bw day*** the daily exposure doses are low,there is a cause for concern as these surfactants are not regulated in many developing countries and their use may be increasing.

关键词： alkylphenols alkylphenol ethoxylates Concentrations Indoor dust Exposure assessment

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A Simplified Analytical Procedure for Simultaneous Determination of alkylphenol ethoxylates and Brominated Flame Retardants in Fish Tissue Samples from Vaal River,South Africa

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2015年第5期6卷 422-428页

作者： Tlou B.Chokwe Jonathan O.Okonkwo Linda L.Sibali Elmari Kruger Hein du Preez Reveck Hariram Esper J.Ncube Scientific Services Rand WaterVereenigingSouth Africa Department of Environmental Water and Earth SciencesTshwane University of TechnologyPretoriaSouth Africa Directorate of Research and Innovation Tshwane University of TechnologyPretoriaSouth Africa

In this study, the concentration of alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs) were determined in fish samples, Labeo umbratus and Carp, collected from the Vaal River in South Africa. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction technique was used to extract the organic contaminants from fish samples, and the resulting extract was purified by sulphuric acid lipid removal followed by Strata X-cartridge SPE clean-up. The APEs and BFRs were derivatized using heptafluorobutyric anhydride before analysis with GC-MS. In both types of fish samples, lower oligomers of APEs were more abundant than the higher oligomers, while HBCD, BDE99 and PBB101 were the dominant BFRs. The concentrations of these pollutants ranged from 1.061 ng/g lipids (t-BP) in Labeo umbratus to 11.860 ng/g lipids (HBCD) in Carp.

关键词： alkylphenol ethoxylates Brominated Flame Retardants Fish Sample Heptafluorobutyric Anhydride Derivatization Vaal River South Africa

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