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Research on controllable alkaline soil degradation of 5-substituted chlorsulfuron

Chinese Chemical Letters 2018年第6期29卷 945-948页

作者： Shaa Zhou Xuewen Hua Wei Wei Minggui Chen Yucheng Gu Sha Zhou Haibin Song Zhengming Li State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China College of Agriculture Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 China Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre Bracknell RG42 6EY United Kingdom

Sulfonylurea（SU） has become one class of the most important herbicides worldwide due to their ultralow application rate and mammalian toxicity. Recently application licenses of 3 classical SU herbicides chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl and ethametsulfuron were suspended due to their undesirable long persistence which is incompatible with the particular rotation planting system in China. Our previous study has discovered that electron-donating groups, especially dimethylamino and diethylamino substituents, on the 5 th position of the benzene ring in chlorsulfuron, greatly accelerated its degradation rate in an acidic soil（p H 5.41）. Owing to the natural slower degradation of SUs in alkaline soil,dimethylamino and diethylamino substituted chlorsulfuron Ia and Ib were further studied in an alkaline soil（p H 8.46） with chlorsulfuron as a control. The experimental data indicated that the half-life of degradation（DT50） of Ia was 3.36 days while Ib was 6.25 days which amounted to 30 and 15 folds faster than chlorsulfuron（DT5084.53 days）, respectively. The research confirmed that our newly-designed structures Ia and Ib can hasten their degradation rate in alkaline soil as well as in acidic soil. This structural modification of the classical SU provided an opportunity to control the degradation rate to reduce their impact on relevant environment and ecology.

关键词： Chlorsulfuron Sulfonylurea herbicides soil degradation alkaline soil DT50

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Moderate sewage sludge biochar application on alkaline soil for corn growth:a field study

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Biochar 2021年第2期3卷 135-147页

作者： Shengyu Xie Guangwei Yu Ruqing Jiang Jianli Ma Xiaofu Shang Gang Wang Yin Wang Yongan Yang Chunxing Li CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University6‑6‑07 AobaAramaki‑azaAoba‑kuSendaiMiyagi 980‑8579Japan Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences Tianjin 300191China Tianjin High Quality Agricultural Products Development Demonstration Center Tianjin 301508China Department of Environmental Engineering Technical University of Denmark2800 Kongens LyngbyDenmark

In view of the risks induced by the inhibitory effects of applying impracticably large amounts of sewage sludge biochar(SSB)to the alkaline soil,this field study investigated the influence of moderate biochar amendments(0,1500,4500,and 9000 kg/hm2)on corn growth,alkaline soil properties,and the uptake of potentially toxic elements(PTEs).The results showed that applying more SSB would decrease the ammonium nitrogen concentration and increase the available phosphorus and potassium concentrations,which inhibited corn plant growth because of high background nutrient levels of the alkaline *** the alkaline soil was amended with 1500 kg/hm2 SSB,the dry weight of 100 niblets increased from 32.11 g in the control to 35.07 *** was no significant variation in the total concentration of PTEs in the *** concentrations of Mn,Ni,Cu,and Zn in niblets decreased from 5.54,0.83,2.26,and 27.15 mg/kg in the control to 4.47,0.62,1.30,and 23.45 mg/kg,***,the health risk from corn consumption was significantly ***,the combination of SSB and fertilizer improved corn growth and reduced the risk of consumption of ***,considering the increase in corn fruit yield and the decrease in consumption risk,applying 1500 kg/hm2 of biochar to alkaline soils is a realistically achievable rate,which can broaden the utilization of SSB for remediation of different types of soil.

关键词： Sewage sludge biochar alkaline soil Corn growth soil property Potentially toxic elements soil remediation

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Biochar Applied with Organic Fertilizer Improves alkaline soil Properties and Crop Yield

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2021年第4期22卷 25-32页

作者： WANG Hao-ji GUAN Hui-lin SHI Meng-xin HUANG Huan DONG Ming-xing XU Wu-mei Yunnan Provincial Observation and Research Station of soil Degradation and Restoration for Cultivating Plateau Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plants Yunnan Normal UniversityKunming 650500PRC

Biochar(BC)is widely applied in agricultural production for its multiple uses such as carbon ***,application of BC alone has limited effect on soil fertility and crop yield,especially alkaline ***,a pot experiment on Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa ***)was carried out in this study to investigate the effect of BC applied with organic fertilizer(OF)on alkaline soil properties and crop *** be specific,BC and OF were respectively applied at 0,1%,2%,and 3%,and Chinese cabbage was transplanted and cultivated for 2.5 *** showed that BC and OF increased the content of both organic matter and available P in alkaline soil(Palkaline soil,and the application of only BC demonstrated the contrary effect(Palkaline soil fertility and crop yield,but the application with OF was a good option for ameliorating alkaline soil and raising crop yield.

关键词： Biochar Organic fertilizer alkaline soil soil amelioration Crop yield

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Form changes and bio-effect of cadmium in the alkaline soil operated by inorganic salts

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Acta Geochimica 2006年第S1期 86-86页

作者： Zuwei WANG, Xin LIU, Hui ZHANG College of Urban & Environmental Science, Tianjin 300020, China

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Effects of fencing on vegetation and soil restoration in a degraded alkaline grassland in northeast China

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Journal of Arid Land 2014年第4期6卷 478-487页

作者： Qiang LI DaoWei ZHOU YingHua JIN MinLing WANG YanTao SONG GuangDi LI Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Geography Science Northeast Normal University Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation New South Wales Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University

In order to restore a degraded alkaline grassland, the local government implemented a large restoration project using fences in Changling county, Jilin province, China, in 2000. Grazing was excluded from the protected area, whereas the grazed area was continuously grazed at 8.5 dry sheep equivalent（DSE）/hm2. In the current research, soil and plant samples were taken from grazed and fenced areas to examine changes in vegetation and soil properties in 2005, 2006 and 2008. Results showed that vegetation characteristics and soil properties improved significantly in the fenced area compared with the grazed area. In the protected area the vegetation cover, height and above- and belowground biomass increased significantly. soil pH, electrical conductivity and bulk density decreased significantly, but soil organic carbon and total nitrogen concentration increased greatly in the protected area. By comparing the vegetation and soil characteristics with pre-degraded grassland, we found that vegetation can recover 6 years after fencing, and soil pH can be restored 8 years after fencing. However, the restoration of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations needed 16, 30 and 19 years, respectively. It is recommended that the stocking rate should be reduced to 1/3 of the current carrying capacity, or that a grazing regime of 1-year of grazing followed by a 2-year rest is adopted to sustain the current status of vegetation and soil resources. However, if N fertilizer is applied, the rest period could be shortened, depending on the rate of application.

关键词： vegetation and soil restoration fencing grazing alkaline soil semi arid region grassland degradation

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