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Soil Quality, Carbon Sequestration and Yield of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i>L.) under Maize/Legume Cropping System in alfisols of a Savanna Zone, Nigeria

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American Journal of Climate Change 2017年第4期6卷 622-642页

作者： Azubuike Chidowe Odunze Yusuf Destiny Musa Aishatu Abdulkadir Department of Soil Science/IAR Faculty of Agriculture Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria

The role of maize-legume cropping system on soil quality, carbon sequestration and yield of maize in a Northern Guinea Savanna Alfisol, Nigeria was assessed in 2014 and 2015 rain-fed cropping seasons. The experiment was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), replicated three times and treatments were Sole (Mono crop) Maize (M), Desmodium (D) and Soybeans (S);Maize/soybeans intercrop (MS), Maize/Desmodium intercrop (MD), Maize Strip cropped with Soybean (MS 2:4) and Maize Strip cropped with Desmodium (M:D 2:4). Data obtained were evaluated for Organic carbon, available phosphorus, total nitrogen, soil pH, and CEC, Bulk density, Soil moisture, mean weight diameter and grain yield of Maize. Results show that mean soil acidity (pH water, 6.37;pH CaCl2, 5.78), mean organic carbon (5.23 to 5.69 g·kg-1) and mean total nitrogen improved (0.66 g·kg-1) in 2015 over values in 2014. Mean weight diameter (MWD) increased from 0.59 in 2014 to 1.05 in 2015;indicating a better aggregation across treatments. Treatment M resulted in significantly higher bulk density (Bd) than other treatments at 8 weeks after planting (WAP) and 16WAP, suggesting that soils under mono-crop maize were impaired for sustainable crop production. Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestered in macro aggregates under MS (1.38 g·kg-1) was significantly higher than the other treatments. Best maize grain yield (GY) was under sole maize (M) and maize strip cropped with Desmodium (MD2:4) (3.13 t·ha-1 and 2.90 t·ha-1 in 2015, respectively). Maize strip cropped with Desmodium and maize/soybean intercrop enhanced better soil chemical and physical properties than sole maize. Soil quality (SQ) under MD2:4 ranked best (SQ1) for sustainable maize grain production and environmental conservation. Therefore, land use strategies that focus protection of soil organic carbon against further depletion and erosion, contribute nitrogen and/or replenishment of depleted carbon stocks through management techniques that involve legume/

关键词： Soil Quality Carbon Sequestration alfisols Cropping Systems Sustainable Agriculture

Soil Genesis of Four alfisols Established in Oak Hickory Forests along Drainages into the Mississippi River in Southeastern Missouri, USA

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2021年第2期9卷 124-143页

作者： Michael Aide Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau MO USA

alfisols in USA taxonomy are “deciduous forest” soils having an argillic horizon with a base saturation in the control section greater than 35%. alfisols are geographically extensive and support productive agriculture and deciduous forest ecosystems. Understanding Alfisol genesis, including the presence and intensity of the dominant soil processes, facilitates best management practices that provide stewardship for these soil resources and improves forest and agriculture productivity. Four alfisols, presently having mature forest settings and located in the central United States along the Mississippi River, were selected for soil and landscape description, classification, and delineation of the dominant soil forming processes. Excavated soils were described and routinely sampled for subsequent physical, chemical, and mineralogical analysis. An aqua regia digestion protocol provided elemental analysis for identifying and inferring the intensity of soil forming processes. The dominant soil forming factors include 1) organic matter accumulation, 2) clay eluviation-illuviation, 3) acidification, 4) base cation accumulation in the A horizons by the forest vegetation, 5) Fe-oxyhydroxide formation, and 6) clay mineral synthesis. Two soils were developed entirely in Peoria loess and two soils were developed in Peoria Loess overlying Ordovician limestone residuum. Ecological site descriptions provide land managers information for evaluating land suitability and the capability to implement different management activities without ecosystem disturbance. Best management practices for the described landforms and based on their Ecological Site Descriptions are presented.

关键词： alfisols Deciduous Forests Peoria Loess Clay Mineralogy Ecological Site Description

Inter-row tillage for improved soil and water conservation and crop yields on crusted alfisols

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Agricultural Sciences 2013年第8期4卷 36-45页

作者： Prabhakar Pathak Suhas P. Wani Raghavendra Sudi Nagaraju Budama Resilient Dryland Systems International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Hyderabad India

In the semi-arid tropics (SAT),33% areas are occupied by alfisols and related soils. In SAT these soils have low structural stability and thereby tend to form seal and crusts at the surface. Due to this a large proportion of the rain that falls on alfisols during the early part of the rainy season,is normally lost as runoff thus causing high soil loss as well as moisture stress to crops. Two tillage studies were conducted first at plot scale (320 m2) during 1991-95 and second at small watershed scale (1.45 ha) during 2007-10,at ICRISAT research station,Hyderabad,India. These studies were conducted to find out whether the problem of excessive runoff and soil loss during the early part of the rainy season can be controlled by various inter-row tillage systems in addition to normal intercultivation by breaking the crust or seal and thereby improving infiltration and soil moisture and reducing runoff and soil loss. The observations on rainfall,runoff,soil moisture,soil loss,soil surface roughness and crop yields were collected from both the studies. Results from these studies have shown that inter-row tillage in addition to normal intercultivation is found effective in controlling early season runoff and soil loss and increasing crop yields. The additional tillage systems are found most effective during low and medium rainfall years and not so much during high rainfall years. The additional tillage with shoe cultivators,which creates rough soil surface (11 mm depression storage),is found most effective in increasing crop yields and reducing runoff and soil loss. The additional tillage with blade harrow which generates smooth soil surface is relatively less effective. In most rainfall conditions,the normal intercultivation with one additional tillage is found adequate for controlling early season runoff and improving soil moisture and crop yields.

关键词： Runoff Soil Loss Crusting Sealing Semi-Arid Tropics alfisols Soil Surface Roughness

Phosphate Sorption-Desorption Characteristics in Two Inceptisols and an Alfisol of Chattisgarh, India

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Pedosphere 2005年第5期15卷 611-619页

作者： A. K. DOLUI S. S. ROY Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science Institute of Agricultural Science Calcutta University 35 Bally-gunge Circular Road Kolkata 700 019 (India).Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science Institute of Agricultural Science Calcutta University 35 Bally-gunge Circular Road Kolkata 700 019 (India).

Two Inceptisols and an Alfisol of the Indravati Catchment area in Chattisgarh, India, comprising several gradientsin physical and chemical properties were studied to relate phosphate sorption and desorption to soil properties. Fromthe P isotherm curve, the standard P requirement (SPR) of the soils was determined. Phosphate sorption data were alsofitted both to the Langmuir and Freundlich Equations. The mean sorption maximum values for three different soil serieswere: Bastar > Geedam > Mosodi. The fraction of added phosphate sorbed for the 3 series followed this same trend asdid SPR; the phosphate sorption maximum and the maximum phosphate buffering capacity, which were estimated by theLangmuir isotherm; and the Freundlich constant 1/n. However, phosphate desorption, as well as the maximum recoverypercent did not follow this order. The phosphate affinity constant (K) was also different following the same progressionfor the 3 soil series as the Freundlich constant K’, which measured sorption strength. Meanwhile, an inverse order existedfor K and K’ versus the percent desorbed relative to the sorbed as well as the maximum recovery percent. In addition,significant correlation coefficients among sorption parameters of P and soil factors were found.

关键词： alfisols Inceptisols phosphate sorption-desorption

Features of selected benchmark soils along an elevational transect of the northeastern part of the Moldavian Plateau (Romania)

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2018年第4期6卷 325-330页

作者： Geanina Bireescu Carmelo Dazzi Giuseppe Lo Papa Institute of Biological Research Department of Experimental and Applied BiologyIasiRomania Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie Alimentari e Forestali Universitàdegli Studi di PalermoItaly

Soil morphological, physical and chemical properties are described at four locations along an elevational transect in the northeastern part of the Moldavian Plateau (Romania). These data contribute to the knowledge of the soils of this area and to their classification according to the USDA-Soil Taxonomy, FAOWRB and the SRTS-Romanian System. The soils were classified as Inceptisols, alfisols and Mollisols, according to the USDA-Soil Taxonomy;Gleysol, Chernozem and Luvisol, according to the FAO-WRB and Gleiosol, Cernoziom, Preluvosol, Luvosol, according to the SRTS-Romanian System. The selected soils have a range of properties that represent the soilscape of the Moldavian subcarpathian plateau, characterised by a natural forest with oak as the dominant species. The selected soil parameters decreased with increasing elevation;calcium carbonate and clay leaching and accumulation are the main soil formation processes.

关键词： Inceptisols alfisols Mollisols Climosequence Moldavian Plateau

Employing Geochemical Analysis to Reveal Pedogenic Processes in Wisconsin Bisequal Soils Having Spodic and Alfic Sequa

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第11期8卷 1-25页

作者： Michael Aide Christine Aide Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau Missouri USA

Bisequal soils in northern Wisconsin were described and characterized with the intent to determine if a near total elemental analysis protocol may estimate the effect of selected soil pedogenic pathways on soil morphology. The protocol reveals that gross elemental soil profile distributions do provide evidence that certain pedogenic processes are operating within a group of soils. Concentration differences between instrumental neutron activation analysis and an aqua regia digestion protocol infer that alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals and the rare earth elements are only incompletely weathered from primary minerals. Transition metals, alkali metals, alkaline earths, metalloids, and the rare earth elements all show inter-horizon mobility. Lessivage and the mobility of elements presumably adsorbed on soluble or suspended organic materials are the dominant soil processes influencing the soil profile redistribution of elements and the majority of these elements are shown to correlate with the soil profile distribution of Fe. Base cycling by the forest vegetation was shown to support A horizon enrichment of Ca, Sr, Ba, P, S, Mn, Zn, Sn and Pb. For clinical practice, elemental analysis may reveal important soil profile elemental differences when applied to variation of one soil forming factors, such as a chronosequence or toposequence within a landscape or soil association. Advantages and limitations of the protocol in identifying pedogenic pathways are discussed.

关键词： Geochemical Analysis alfisols Spodosols Bisequal Soils Soil Genesis