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Occurrence of Conspecific in the Neighboring Space Influence on Flight Initiation distance in Cape Hare <i>Lepus capensis</i>under Human Stimuli

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Open Journal of Ecology 2020年第6期10卷 380-395页

作者： Muhammad Zaman Bushra Allah Rakha Kwasi Wrensford Mengyan Zhu Longcheng Fan Guangshun Jiang Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry University Harbin China Department of Wildlife Management PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Pakistan Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology University of California Berkeley USA

Optimal escape theory predicts that animals would balance the costs and benefits of flight. One cost of not fleeing is the ongoing cost of vigilance for upcoming environmental threats. Our results show that FID increases for vigilant hares with predator starting distance, due to the costs acquired by continuing to scan for ecological dangers. The presence of conspecifics within proximity distance for social hare was reduced FID due to collective vigilance, while a solitary animal had greater FID, due to less cooperative defense for predator detection. In both seasons, detection and flight initiation distance of the focal hare increased in open habitat due to a higher probability of detection for upcoming danger, while dense cover provided concealment but reduced the probability of detecting an incoming threat, reducing FID. Moreover, proximity to roads and the nearest refuge significantly influenced anti-predator risk by compensation energy to cope with approaching stimuli. In a landscape with heavy human hunting in retaliation to plantations damage has modified the natural behavior of the hare in the Shigar valley. The findings are discussed in the context of hare FID by humans and the suggestions for management and mitigation of human-wildlife conflict are also considered.

关键词： alert distance distance to Refuge Flight Initiation distance (FID) Group Size Effect Starting distance Social or Solitary Hare

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The effects of the Taklimakan Desert highway on endemic birds Podoces biddulphi

The effects of the Taklimakan Desert highway on endemic bird...

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第三届中国西部动物学学术研讨会

作者：徐峰 MA Ming YANG Weikang DAVID David Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of Sciences

The Taklimakan Desert Highway with its shelter forest lasted for 466 km’s long and72-78 m’s wide cross the desert of the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang,Northwestern *** Ground Jay Podoces biddulphi is a bird species endemic to China and it has a restricted range,living only in the Taklimakan *** access the abundance of Xinjiang Ground Jay near the Taklimakan Desert Highway,and also we used altert distance and flight initiation distance to evaluate the effects of the Taklimakan Desert Highway on Xinjiang Ground Jay responses to human *** results showed that Xinjiang Ground Jay were more abundant adjacent to the roadway than further way,and the alert distance and flight initiation distance of the Xinjiang Ground Jay decreased significantly with increasing road *** results indicated that the Taklimakan Desert highway and its shelter forest attracted more Xinjiang Ground Jay to live near the road,and also the highway significantly affected the bird’s vigilance behavior.

关键词： alert distance Flight initiation distance Road ecology,Tarim Basin,Shelter forest

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Road effects on bird's response to human approach on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Road effects on bird's response to human approach on Qinghai...

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第七届全国野生动物生态与资源保护学术研讨会

作者： Chen Ge,Zhongqiu Li~*,Jing Li,Cheng Huang (The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology,School of Life Science,Nanjing University,22 Hankou Road,Nanjing 210093,China.)

We used alert distance(AD) and flight initiation distance(FID) to evaluate the effects of Qinghai-Tibet Railway and Highway on snowfinch’s response to human approach in July 2009 and 2010. Road effect was divided int... 详细信息

关键词： alert distance flight initiation distance road effect Qinghai-Tibet Railway snowfinch tolerance

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