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alanine aminotransferase normalization at week 8 predicts viral response during hepatitis C treatment

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第46期19卷 8678-8686页

作者： Umit Bilge Dogan Mustafa Salih Akin Serkan Yalaki Departments of Gastroenterology Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital

AIM:To investigate alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and sustained virological response(SVR)in chronic hepatitis C(CHC)during peginterferon-ribavirin ***:One hundred and fifty-one genotype 1CHC patients underwent treatment for 48 wk with peginterferon and ribavirin,and were retrospectively divided into two groups as having a rapid virological response(RVR)(Group 1,n=52)and not having an RVR(Group 2,n=99).We also subdivided each group into two according to the initial ALT level being high(Group1h and Group 2h)or normal(Group 1n and Group 2n).HCV RNA and ALT levels were measured at baseline;at 4,12,24 and 48 wk during the treatment period;and at 24 wk *** levels were also obtained at 8 *** to the results of ALT,patients were enrolled in either the follow-up abnormal or follow-up normalized ALT groups at each *** with high and normal ALT levels were compared for each interval in terms of ***:The SVR rates were 83%vs 40%(P=0.000),82%vs 84%(P=0.830),and 37%vs 44%(P=0.466)when comparing Group 1 with 2,1h with1n,and 2h with 2n,*** Group 2h,the SVR rates were 34%vs 40%(P=0.701),11%vs 52%(P=0.004),12%vs 50%(P=0.007),7%vs 50%(P=0.003),6%vs 53%(P=0.001),and 0%vs 64%(P=0.000)when comparing patients with high and normalized ALT levels at week 4,8,12,24,48 and 72,*** multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that RVR(OR=7.05;95%CI:3.1-16.05,P=0.000),complete early virological response(cEVR)(OR=17.55;95%CI:6.32-48.76,P=0.000),normalization of ALT at8 wk(OR=3.04;95%CI:1.31-7.06,P=0.008),and at 12 wk(OR=4.21;95%CI:1.65-10.76,P=0.002)were identified as independent significant predictive factors for ***:Normalization of ALT at 8 wk may predict viral response during peginterferon-ribavirin treatment in genotype-1 CHC patients especially without RVR.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis C Genotype-1 alanine aminotransferase Rapid virological response Sustained virological response,Interferon Ribavirin

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Explanation of Theoretical Mechanism of Isomerization of L-alanine Conformation for Experimental Results

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2013年第9期32卷 1316-1324页

作者：姜华孟祥军 School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University Department of Chemistry Tangshan Normal College

B3LYP/6-31＋＋G＊＊ method was applied to investigate the mechanism of alanine isomerization.12 minima and 22 transition states were obtained after optimization and several paths of isomerization were *** is found that intramolecular single-bond rotation and proton transfer might lead to *** energy barrier of C–N bond rotation was lower than 2.52 kcal·mol 1,while the energy barrier ranges of the rotation of C–C and C–O were separately 0.43~ 7.01 and 4.69~12.19 kcal·mol 1,and the minimum energy barrier of proton transfer was 30.76 kcal·mol *** most probable isomerization path and mechanism for the two most stable conformations was discussed to find that the highest energy barrier to be crossed in this path was 11.87 kcal·mol *** order to understand the microscopic nature why only 4 conformations were detected in the experiment,thermodynamic properties of all conformations at the experimental temperature of 391 K was *** is found that conformations XII,XI,X and IX can only unidirectionally convert into conformations rapidly with low energy and vanish *** other conformations were distributed according to Maxwell-Boltzman＇s law,and the distribution probabilities of conformations I,II,III,IV,V,VI,VII and VIII were respectively 27.2%,26.5%,25.8%,6.4%,5.2%,4.8%,2.5% and 1.6%.Conformations I,II and III with bigger probability and stronger absorption peak were easy to detect in the *** IV had a relatively smaller probability（6.4%） and weak absorption peak which,however,could also be *** other conformations had too small probability to identify in the spectrum.

关键词： alanine isomerization transition state reaction path mechanism

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Supplementation of alanine improves biomass accumulation and lipid production of Chlorella pyrenoidosa by increasing the respiratory and metabolic processes

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第2期42卷 570-579页

作者： Yongfu LI Tianze ZHAO Wei SUN Ruiwen GAO Guangyuan MA Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bioresources Sustainable Utilization Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards ForecastingMinistry of Natural ResourcesHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China College of Oceanography Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Jiangsu Innovation Center of Marine Bioresources Jiangsu Coast Development Group Co.Ltd.Nanjing 210019China

The function of exogenous alanine(Ala)in regulating biomass accumulation,lipid production,photosynthesis,and respiration in Chlorella pyrenoidosa was *** shows that the supplementation of Ala increased *** biomass and lipid production in an 8-d batch *** concentration of 10 mmol/L of Ala was optimum and increased the microalgal cell biomass and lipid content by 39.3%and 21.4%,respectively,compared with that in the control(0-mmol/L Ala).Ala supplementation reduced photosynthetic activity while boosting respiratory activity and pyruvate levels,indicating that *** used exogenous Ala for biomass accumulation through the respiratory metabolic *** accelerated respiratory metabolism due to Ala supplementation elevated the substrate pool and improved the lipogenic gene expression,promoting lipid production at *** study provided a novel method for increasing biomass accumulation and lipid production and elucidated the role of Ala in regulating lipid production.

关键词： alanine Chlorella pyrenoidosa lipid respiration lipogenic gene

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A Thermochemical Study of the Reaction of Lanthanum Nitrate with alanine

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2000年第4期16卷 347-350页

作者： LI Qiang-guo (Department of Chemistry, Chenzhou Teacher’ s College, Hunan 423000, P. R. China) Chenzhou Teachers Coll Dept Chem Hunan 423000 Peoples R China

The standard molar reaction enthalpy of the solid-solid coordination reaction La(NO3)3. 6H2O (s) +4Ala(s) (Ala is alanine)=La(NO3)3·(Ala)4·H2O(s) + 5H2O(1) was studied by using classical solution calorimetry. The molar dissolution enthalpies of the reactants and the product of the solid-solid coordination reaction in 2 mol/L HCl were measured by using an isoperibol calorimeter. From the results and other auxiliary quantities, the standard molar formation enthalpy of [La (NO3)3·(Ala)4·H2O, s, 298. 15 K] has been determined to be △fHm[La(NO3)3·(Ala)4·H2O, s, 298. 15 K]=-3 864. 248 kJ/mol.

关键词： Lanthanum nitrate alanine Thermochemistry Standard molar formation enthalpy

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Proton Transfer Mechanism of alanine Induced by Zn^(2+): a Theoretical Study

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2014年第5期33卷 669-675页

作者：孟祥军 Department of Chemistry Tangshan Normal University

In this paper, proton transfer mechanism of alanine induced by Zn2＋ was investiga- ted by the CCSD/6-31＋＋G＊＊//B3LYP/6-31＋＋G＊＊ method. Six neutral complexes and one ampho- teric complex were optimized, among which the amphoteric complex was the most stable with binding energy of 201.92 kcal·mol-1. In addition, the rotation of intramolecular single bond leads to the neutral configuration conversion, in which the rotation energy barriers of C–C single bonds are lower than 10.51 kcal·mol-1, and those of C–O single bonds range among 9.53~17.50 kcal·mol-1. On the other hand, the proton transfers among the carboxylic oxygen atoms can also result in the neutral configuration conversion, whose energy barriers of forward/back reaction are 53.90 and 32.46 kcal·mol-1, respectively. In detail, the proton transfers from carboxylic group to amino lead to their configuration conversion from neutral to amphoteric. Furthermore, under the catalysis of Zn2＋, there was no energy barrier in this reaction. The conversion route from the most stable neutral configuration Ⅱ to the most stable amphoteric configuration I was： Ⅱ→Ⅱ-Ⅲ→Ⅲ→Ⅲ-Ⅵ→Ⅵ→Ⅴ-Ⅵ→Ⅴ→Ⅰ-Ⅴ→Ⅰ,with the energy barrier to be 64.64 kcal·mol-1.

关键词： complexes alanine Zn2+ transition state reaction route mechanism

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Solution-reaction Calorimetric Study of Coordination Compounds of Rare Earth Perchlorates with alanine and Imidazole

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2004年第11期22卷 1267-1271页

作者：赵艳茹侯安新董家新赵顺省刘义屈松生 Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Department of Chemistry Xuchang College Xuchang Henan 461000 China

Two coordination compounds of rare earth perchlorates with alanine and imidazole, [RE(Ala)n(Im)(H2O)]- (ClO4)3(s) (RE=La, n=3; RE=Nd, n=2), have been prepared and characterized. The standard molar enthalpies of reaction for the following two reactions, LaCl37H2O(s)+3Ala(s)+Im(s)+3NaClO4(s)=[La(Ala)3(Im)(H2O)]- (ClO4)3(s)+3NaCl(s)+6H2O(l) (1) and NdCl36H2O(s)+2Ala(s)+Im(s)+3NaClO4(s)=[Nd(Ala)2(Im)(H2O)]- (ClO4)3(s)+3NaCl(s)+5H2O(l) (2), were determined by solution-reaction calorimetry, at T=298.15 K, as 36.168±0.642 kJmol-1 and 48.590±0.934 kJmol-1 respectively. From the results and other auxiliary quantities, the standard molar enthalpies of formation of [La(Ala)3(Im)(H2O)](ClO4)3(s) and [Nd(Ala)2(Im)(H2O)] (ClO4)3(s) were derived, fmHD!{[La(Ala)3(Im)(H2O)](ClO4)3, s}=(-2984.8±1.0) kJmol-1 and fmHD! {[Nd(Ala)2(Im)(H2O)]- (ClO4)3, s}=(-2387.8±0.8) kJmol-1 , respectively.

关键词： solution-reaction calorimetry standard enthalpy of formation coordination compound of rare earth alanine imidazole

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Density estimated physicochemical properties of alanine-based ionic liquid [C_7mim][Ala] and its application in selective transesterification of soybean oil

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第8期55卷 1677-1682页

作者： FANG DaWei LI Meng GE RiLe ZANG ShuLiang YANG JiaZhen GAO YanAn China Ionic Liquid Laboratory Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China Institute of Rare and Scattered Elements Chemistry Liaoning UniversityShenyang 110036China School of Chemistry and Materials Science Liaoning Shihua UniversityFushun 113001China

Amino acid ionic liquid （AAIL） based on alanine, 1-n-heptyl-3-methylimidazolium alanine （[C7mim][Ala]）, has been prepared and characterized. Since the IL can form strong hydrogen bonds with water, trace amount of water is a problematic impurity in the IL. Using the standard addition method （SAM）, the densities were measured in the temperature range from 293.15 to 343.15±0.05 K. On the basis of the experimental data of density, the surface tension y, molar volume, and the molecular vol- ume Vm, molar enthalpy of vaporization AIgHm0, and the thermal expansion coefficients or, for [C7mim][Ala] were estimated using semi-empirical methods. Also the interstice model has been verified with good accordance. Then the [C7mim][Ala] was taken as catalyst in the transesterification reaction with fatty acid, where soybean oil was used as raw material and methanol as reactant. The amount of catalyst, alcohol consumption, reaction time, temperature and other factors of the reaction were inves- tigated. Using GC determination, the conversions were calculated by the internal standard method. The main ingredients of the products were identified by GC-MS as palm methyl ester and linoleic acid methyl ester only, which showed high selectivity in palmitic acid and linoleic acid.

关键词： alanine ionic liquid density transesterification

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Disease progression in chronic hepatitis C patients with normal alanine aminotransferase levels

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第14期19卷 2256-2261页

作者： Dong Hyun Sinn Geum-Youn Gwak Jae-uk Shin Moon Seok Choi Joon Hyeok Lee Kwang Cheol Koh Seung Woon Paik Byung Chul Yoo Department of Internal Medicine Sanggye Paik HospitalInje University School of Medicine Department of Medicine Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of Medicine

AIM:To investigate whether the disease progression of chronic hepatitis C patients with normal alanine aminotransferase(ALT) levels differs by ALT ***:A total of 232 chronic hepatitis C patients with normal ALT( 26 IU/L(highnormal),respectively(P = 0.043),and it was 1.4% and 4.8% for female patients with baseline ALT levels ≤ 22 IU/L(low-normal) and > 23 IU/L(high-normal),respectively(P = 0.023).ALT levels fluctuated during the follow-up *** the follow-up,more patients with "high-normal" ALT levels at baseline experienced ALT elevation(> 41 IU/L) than did patients with "lownormal" ALT levels at baseline(47.7% vs 27.9%,P = 0.002).The 5 year cumulative incidence of disease progression was significantly lower in patients with persistently "low-normal" ALT levels than "high-normal" ALT levels or those who exhibited an ALT elevation > 41 U/L during the follow-up period(0%,8.3% and 34.3%,P < 0.001).CONCLUSION:A "high normal" ALT level in chronic hepatitis C patients was associated with disease progression,suggesting that the currently accepted normal threshold of serum ALT should be lowered.

关键词： alanine aminotransferase Upper limits of normal Disease progression Hepatitis C virus Hepatocellular carcinoma

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Determination of the upper cut-off values of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in Chinese

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第8期21卷 2419-2424页

作者： Peng Zhang Chun-Yan Wang Yu-Xiang Li Yu Pan Jun-Qi Niu Shu-Mei He Department of Infectious Disease the First Hospital of Jilin University University of Oklahoma Health Science Center Department of Hepatopathy the First Hospital of Jilin University The First Hospital of Jilin University

AIM:To determine the upper cut-off values of serumalanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)in a Northern Chinese ***:A total of 3769 subjects in Jilin Province Northeast China were stratified to determine the potential factors affecting serum ALT and AST *** upper cut-off values of serum ALT and AST in these subjects were determined using receiver operating characteristic analysis and their sensitivity and specificity were ***:Stratification analysis revealed that serum ALT and AST levels were associated with gender,alcohol consumption,serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels,and body mass *** upper cut-off values of serum ALT and AST were 22.15 U/L and 25.35 U/L for healthy men and 22.40 U/L and 24.25 U/L for healthy women,*** new cut-off values had a higher sensitivity,but a slightly lower specificity than the current ***:Our results indicate that the new upper cut-off values of serum ALT and AST are markedly lower than current standards and may be valuable for the evaluation of liver function.

关键词： alanine aminotransferase Aspartate aminotransferas

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SYNTHESIS AND DETERMINATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF YEAST alanine tRNA ANALOGUES

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Science China Chemistry 1991年第10期34卷 1198-1204页

作者：刘建华王德宝 Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry Academia Sinica Shanghai 200031 PRC

The role of base modification in yeast tRNAAl(?) function in protein synthesis was examined by the use of unmodified tRNA analogues. Unmodified full length tRNAs, 5'-half tRNAs (nucleotides 1-35) and 3'-half tRNAs (nucleotides 37-75) were transcribed in vitro using T7-RNA polymerase. Unmodified tRNA half molecules were joined to normally modified half molecules (5'-half, nucleotides 1-36; 3'-half, nucleotides 36-75) by T4-RNA ligase. Using this method, we synthesized three analogues of yeast tRNAAl(?): (i) tRNAAl(?) which lacks base modifications in the 5'-half of the molecule; (ii) tRNAAl(?) which lacks base modifications in the 3'-half of the molecule; and (iii) tRNAAla completely lacking base modifications. We determined the biological activities of these analogues. In rat aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase reactions, the alanine acceptance activity decreased by 52%, 79% and 85% when modified bases were absent from the 5'-half molecule, the 3'-half molecule or the total molecule, respectively. In rabbit reticulocyte lysates, alanine incorporation into proteins decreased by 3%, 57% and 47% for tRNA analogues lacking modified bases in the 5'-half, and 3'-half or the entire tRNA, respectively. These results suggest that the modified nucleotides, especially in the 3'-half molecule, plays an important role in yeast tRNAAla activity.

关键词： modified nucleotides biological activities yeast alanine tRNA.

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