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Growth, Duplication and Lateral Mutual Compressive Deformation of akouemma hemisphaeria on the Seafloor of Okondja Basin at 2.2 Ga (Gabon)

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International Journal of Geosciences 2017年第9期8卷 1172-1191页

作者： Ambroise Edou-Minko Mathieu Moussavou Tomohiko Sato Yusuke Sawaki Simplice Ndong Ondo Richard Maire Guillaume Fleury Michel Mbina Mounguengui Anders Kaestner Richard Ortega Stéphane Roudeau Asuncion Carmona Makaya Mvoubou Benjamin Musavu Moussavou Osamu Sasaki Shigenori Maruyama Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku Franceville Gabon Earth-Life Science Institute (ELSI) Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan Department of Earth Science and Astronomy Graduate School of Arts and Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan UMR 5319 Passages Maison des Suds CNRS-Université Bordeaux-Montaigne Pessac France Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse Toulouse France Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen Switzerland CENBG Univ. Bordeaux CNRS IN2P3 UMR 5797 Gradignan France Tohoku University Museum Université de Tohoku Sendai Japan

A colony of macro-fossils akouemma hemisphaeria has been described in the Paleoproterozoic sedimentary basin of Okondja, Gabon. These fossils are classified into two groups according to their spheroidal or elongated forms. The spheroidal shapes are similar, have a tripartite structure with two hemispheres and a median disc and gradually pass to the elongated forms. These elongated forms have a pronounced bipartite tendency to two “hemispheres” separated by a median surface, and often have several ovoid “pieces” attached. The elongated specimens show both lateral growth marks and signs of fission. Growth marks are characterized by unidirectional homogeneous side elongations and lateral bud-like protuberances. The signs of fission are marked by circular furrows perpendicular to the direction of elongation, called “constriction furrows” with varying depths depending on the degree of fission of the specimen and internal vertical “division planes”. All of these ovoid and elongated specimens have undergone significant initial deformations due mainly to mutual lateral compressions in tabular beds. The akouemma hemisphaeria macro-organisms, which were primitive probably sessile organisms, lived on the seafloor. They provide the oldest known record of macro-organisms on Earth having vegetative growth and asexual reproduction by budding, lateral elongation and fission. Their mutual lateral deformations would result from their growth.

关键词： Paleoproterozoic Francevillian Group Okondja Basin akouemma hemisphaeria Growth Duplication

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