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Efficiency evaluation of government investment for air pollution control in city clusters:A case from the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei areas in China

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Frontiers of Engineering Management 2023年第4期10卷 612-624页

作者： Siqi YANG Li ZHANG Zhaoxu CHEN Nan LI School of Information Management Beijing Information Science and Technology UniversityBeijing 100096China Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen361021China Xiamen Key Laboratory of Urban Metabolism Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen361021China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

air pollution poses a significant threat to human health,particularly in urban areas with high levels of industrial activities.In China,the government plays a crucial role in managing air quality through the air pollution Prevention and control Action Plan.The government provides direct financial support and guides the investment direction of social funds to improve air quality.While government investment has led to improvements in air quality across China,concerns remain regarding the efficiency of such large-scale investments.To address this concern,we conducted a study using a three-stage data envelopment analysis(DEA)-Malmquist model to assess the efficiency of government investment in improving air quality in China.Our analysis revealed regional disparities and annual dynamic changes.Specifically,we focused on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei areas as a case study,as the investment primarily targeted industrial activities in urban areas with the goal of improving living conditions for urban residents.The results demonstrate significant differences in investment efficiency between regions.Beijing exhibits relatively high investment efficiency,while cities in Hebei Province require improvement.We identified scale inefficiency,which refers to the ratio of air pollutant reduction to financial investment,as the main factor contributing to regional disparities.However,we found that increasing the total investment scale can help mitigate this effect.Furthermore,our study observed positive but fluctuating annual changes in investment efficiency within this city cluster from 2014 to 2018.Investment-combined technical efficiency,which represents the investment strategy,is the main obstacle to improving yearly investment efficiency.Therefore,in addition to promoting investment strategies at the individual city level,it is crucial to enhance coordination and cooperation among cities to improve the investment efficiency of the entire city cluster.Evaluating the efficiency of government investment and understanding its influenci

关键词： investment efficiency government investment air pollution control three-stage DEA-Malmquist model

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Progress of air pollution control in China and Its Challenges and Opportunities in the Ecological Civilization Era

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Engineering 2020年第12期6卷 1423-1431页

作者： Xi Lu Shaojun Zhang Jia Xing Yunjie Wang Wenhui Chen Dian Ding Ye Wu Shuxiao Wang Lei Duan Jiming Hao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and pollution control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and control of air pollution Complex Beijing 100084China

China’s past economic growth has substantially relied on fossil fuels,causing serious air pollution issues.Decoupling economic growth and pollution has become the focus in developing ecological civilization in China.We have analyzed the three-decade progress of air pollution controls in China,highlighting a strategic transformation from emission control toward air quality management.Emission control of sulfur dioxide(SO2)resolved the deteriorating acid rain issue in China in 2007.Since 2013,control actions on multiple precursors and sectors have targeted the reduction of the concentration of fine particulate matter(PM2.5),marking a transition to an air-quality-oriented strategy.Increasing ozone(O3)pollution further requires O3 and PM2.5 integrated control strategies with an emphasis on their complex photochemical interactions.Fundamental improvement of air quality in China,as a key indicator for the success of ecological civilization construction,demands the deep de-carbonization of China’s energy system as well as more synergistic pathways to address air pollution and global climate change simultaneously.

关键词： air pollution control Ecological civilization PM2.5 Low-carbon development Ozone

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Comprehensive Review on air pollution control Measures for Non-Attainment Cities of Uttar Pradesh, India

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2023年第3期14卷 139-162页

作者： Khyati Sharma Anchal Garg Varun Joshi University School of Environment Management GGS Indraprastha University Delhi India EnviroVigyan Non-Governmental Organization in Shahdara Delhi India Earth System Science Department Stanford University Stanford USA

Introduction: The Indian state of Uttar Pradesh (UP) for the past many years has been reported to have many cities with highly polluted air quality. The state has been taking meticulous steps in combating air pollution in the form of action plans, introduced especially in its 17 non-attainment cities (NAC). To assess the progress and development of these action plans in UP, the present study has done an in-depth analysis and review of the state’s action plans and city micro action plans. Materials and Methods: In this research study, the analysis of the latest action plan reports, micro action plan reports as well as the recommendations for combating air pollution-related issues in the 17 NAC of the UP state has been well documented. Uttar Pradesh pollution control Board (UPPCB) has prepared these reports to highlight the progress of the plans in response to the growing air pollution in these cities. The information present in the reports has been used to further study sector-specific, category-specific action plans, institutional responsibility, and the present status of the action plans. Results: On average, the highest weightage in action plans was given to sector-specific categories such as Road dust and construction activities (24%). It was also observed that Urban local bodies (~50%) were majorly responsible to implement the action points and 56% of the action points were jointly implemented by multiple agencies.

关键词： air pollution air Quality air pollution control Non-Attainment Cities India Uttar Pradesh Particulate Matter

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Alkali-resistant NO_(x) reduction over FeVO_(4)/TiO_(2)catalysts via regulating the electron transfer between Fe and V

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第2期35卷 489-495页

作者： Yunang Dong Penglu Wang Xiangyu Liu Jiang Deng Aling Chen Lupeng Han Dengsong Zhang International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special SteelCollege of SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China

The presence of alkali metals in exhaust gas from stationary resources causes a grand challenge for the practical application of selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO_(x) with NH_(3).Here,alkali-resistant NO_(x) reduction has been successfully implemented via tailoring the electron transfer over Fe and V species on FeVO_(4)/TiO_(2)catalysts.The strong interaction between Fe and V induced electron transfer from V to Fe and strengthened the adsorption and activation of NH_(3)and NO over active VO_(x) sites.In the presence of K_(2)O,the strong electron withdrawing effect of Fe offset the electron donating effect of K on the VO_(x) species,thus protecting the active species VO_(x) to maintain the NO_(x) reduction ability.The enhanced adsorption and activation of NH_(3) allowed SCR reaction to proceed via E-R mechanism even after K_(2)O poisoning.This work elucidated the electronic effects on the alkali metals resistance of traditional ferric vanadate SCR catalysts and provided a promising strategy to design SCR catalysts with superior alkali resistance.

关键词： air pollution control NO_(X)reduction Selective catalytic reduction Alkali metals Electron transfer

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NO_(x) reduction against alkali poisoning over Ce(SO_(4))_(2)-V_(2)O_(5)/TiO_(2) catalysts by constructing the Ce^(4+)-SO_(4)^(2−)pair sites

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第5期35卷 355-360页

作者： Shuangxi Li Huijun Yu Tianwei Lan Liyi Shi Danhong Cheng Lupeng Han Dengsong Zhang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel School of Materials Science and EngineeringInternational Joint Laboratory of Catalytic ChemistryCollege of SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China

Commercial V_(2)O_(5)-based catalysts have been successfully applied in NH_(3) selective catalytic reduction(NH_(3)-SCR)of NO_(x) from power stations,but their poor alkali-resistance restrains the wider application in nonelectrical industries.In this study,NO_(x) reduction against alkali poisoning over V_(2)O_(5)/TiO_(2) is greatly improved via Ce(SO_(4))_(2) modification.It has been originally demonstrated that Ce^(4+)-SO_(4)^(2−)pair sites play crucial roles in improving NO_(x) reduction against alkali poisoning over V_(2)O_(5)/TiO_(2) catalysts.The strong interaction between V species and Ce sites of Ce^(4+)-SO_(4)^(2−)pairs triggers the reaction between NH_(4)^(+) species and gaseous NO via Eley-Rideal(E-R)reaction pathway.After K-poisoning,the SO_(4)^(2−)sites of Ce^(4+)-SO_(4)^(2−)pairs as protective sites strongly bond with K and thus maintain the high reaction efficiency via the E-R reaction pathway.This work demonstrates an effective strategy to enhance NO_(x) reduction against alkali poisoning over catalysts via constructing Ce^(4+)-SO_(4)^(2−)pair sites,contributing to developing alkali-resistant SCR catalysts for practical application in nonelectrical industries.

关键词： air pollution control Selective catalytic reduction NOx reduction Alkali poisoning Ce(SO_(4))_(2)

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New Conception of air pollution control in China

New Conception of Air Pollution Control in China

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第三届数字制造与自动化国际会议

作者： Luo Hong Lv Lianhong Xue Jie Zhao Juan Department of Energy ＆ Environment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

In the "11th Five-Year" period, China has made significant achievements in the field of energy saving and emission reduction, having basically realized the planned goals. air quality in major cities presents the trend of gradual improvement, coal-burning type pollution has been gradually eased, but the problem of compound pollution is increasingly serious. In the face of many new features and new problems of air pollution, establishment of regional joint prevention and control mechanism, implementation of total amount control of nitrogen oxides, and carrying out total coal consumption control and improving air quality evaluation system and other new ideas and new measures will be applied in air pollution control work during "12th Five-Year" period.

关键词： Atmospheric environmental quality air pollution control joint prevention and control

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International Workshop On Environmental Catalysis and air pollution control Technologies

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Journal of Rare Earths 2001年第2期19卷 141-141页

In order to improve the research and development of environmental catalysis and air pollution control technologies in China, United Nations Industrial Development Organization assists China in developing three-way catalysts for automobile emission pollution control. International Workshop on Environmental Catalysis and air pollution control Technologies will be held on July 8～13, 2001 in Guiyang, P.R.China. The aim of the workshop is to exchange ideas and experience of environmental catalysts and related materials, co-develop the science and technologies for air pollution control, promote applications of domestic catalysts in motor vehicles and furthermore protect the environment. The topics of the workshop are as follows: present status and development trend of automobile industry in China, vehicle emission and regulations, vehicle exhaust gas treatment, environmental catalysts and rare earth and other catalyst materials. For more information, cantact: Mr.Xiao Yan or Mr. Xue Qunshan, Tianjin Research & Design Institute of Chemical Industry, 85 No.3 Road Ding Zi Gu, Hong Qiao District, Tianjin 300131, P.R. China. E-mail: zaititjy@***

关键词： air pollution control air pollution control environmental catalysis research and development Industrial Development automobile industry related materials development trend Chemical Industry motor vehicles exhaust gas rare earth

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我国大气污染联合防治机制的问题检视与完善进路

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法学 2024年第3期12卷 1663-1671页

作者：张开来贵州大学法学院，贵州贵阳

绿色发展是当前经济社会发展主旋律。经过30多年的大气污染治理，我国大气质量取得较大改善，大气污染联合防治机制也取得一定进展，但是尚存在较多问题，还需进一步完善。我国在完善立法规制、区域执法协调、区域利益补偿、经济激励、... 详细信息

绿色发展是当前经济社会发展主旋律。经过30多年的大气污染治理，我国大气质量取得较大改善，大气污染联合防治机制也取得一定进展，但是尚存在较多问题，还需进一步完善。我国在完善立法规制、区域执法协调、区域利益补偿、经济激励、信息共享与预警处置、公众参与等方面深化，提升大气污染治理水平。

关键词：大气污染治理联合防治机制完善进路 air pollution control Joint Prevention and control Mechanism Improve Access Routes

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Precise regulation of acid pretreatment for red mud SCR catalyst:Targeting on optimizing the acidity and reducibility

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第7期16卷 61-71页

作者： Xiang Zhang Yue Xuan Bin Wang Chuan Gao Shengli Niu Gaiju Zhao Dong Wang Junhua Li Chunmei Lu John C.Crittenden National Engineering Laboratory for Coal-Burning Pollutants Emission Reduction School of Energy and Power EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250061China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and the Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and pollution control National Engineering Laboratory for Multi Flue Gas Pollution Control Technology and EquipmentSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Energy Institute Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250013China

Red mud(RM),as an alkaline waste,was recently proved to be a promising substitute for the SCR catalyst.Dealkalization could improve the acidity and reducibility of red mud,which were critical for SCR reaction.However,the dealkalization effect depended on the reaction between acid solution and red mud.In this study,we realized the directional control of the chemical state of active sites through tuning the acid pretreatment(dealkalization)process.The pretreatment endpoint was controlled at pH values of 3–5 with diluted nitric acid.When the pH values of red mud were 3 and 5(CRM-3 and CRM-5),activated catalysts showed NOx conversion above 90%at 275℃–475℃.The high initial reaction rate,Ce^(3+)/(Ce^(3+)+Ce^(4+))ratio,and surface acidity accounted for the excellent SCR performance of CRM-5 catalyst.Meanwhile,more Fe^(3+) on the CRM-3 surface improved the NH_(3) adsorption.There was a strong interaction between Al and Fe in both CRM-5 and CRM-3 catalysts.DFT results showed that the adsorption capacity of the Al-O_(3)-Fe for NH_(3) and NO is stronger than that of Fe-O_(3)-Fe,which enhanced the NOx conversion of the catalyst.However,the almandine was formed in CRM-4,consumed part of Fe^(3+) and Al^(3+),and the interaction between Al and Fe was weakened.Also,deposited almandine on the catalyst surface covered the active sites,thus leading to lower NH_(3)-SCR activity.

关键词： air pollution control Nitrogen oxides Selective catalytic reduction Red mud Solid waste utilization

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Cerium-tungsten oxides supported on activated red mud for the selective catalytic reduction of NO_(x)

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Green Energy & Environment 2023年第1期8卷 173-182页

作者： Qiuzhun Chen Dong Wang Chuan Gao Bin Wang Shengli Niu Gaiju Zhao Yue Peng Junhua Li Chunmei Lu John Crittenden National Engineering Laboratory for Coal-Burning Pollutants Emission Reduction School of Energy and Power EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250061China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and pollution control National Engineering Laboratory for Multi Flue Gas Pollution Control Technology and EquipmentSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology828 West Peachtree StreetAtlantaGA30332United States Energy Institute Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250013ShandongChina

Activated red mud(RM)has been proved to be a promising base material for the selective catalysis reduction(SCR)of NOx.The inherent low reducibility and acidity limited its low-temperature activity.In this work,molybdenum oxide,tungsten oxide,and cerium oxide were used to reconfigure the redox sites and acid sites of red mud based catalyst.When activated red mud was reconfigured by cerium-tungsten oxide(Ce-W@RM),the NOx conversion kept above 90%at 219-480℃.The existence of Ce^(3+)/Ce^(4+) redox electron pairs provided more surface adsorbed oxygen(O_(α)) and served as a redox cycle.Positive interactions between Ce,W species and Fe oxide in red mud occurred,which led to the formation of unsaturated chemical bond and promoted the activation of adsorbed NH_(3) species.WO_(3) and Ce_(2)(WO_(4))_(3)(formed by solid-state reaction between Ce and W species)could provide more Brønsted acid sites(W-O modes of WO_(3),W=O or W-O-W modes of Ce_(2)(WO_(4))_(3)).CeO_(2) species could provide more Lewis acid sites.The Langmuir-Hinshelwood(L-H)routes and Eley-Rideal(E-R)routes occurred in the low-temperature SCR reaction on the Ce-W@RM surface.NH_(4)^(+) species on Brønsted acid sites,NH_(3) species on Lewis acid sites,bidentate nitrate and bridging nitrate species were key active intermediates species.

关键词： air pollution control NOx Selective catalytic reduction Cerium Tungsten

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