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Introgression of chromosome 6PL terminal segment from agropyron cristatum to increase both grain number and grain weight in wheat

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The Crop Journal 2023年第3期11卷 878-886页

作者： Yida Lin Shenghui Zhou Xuezhong Liang Bing Han Junli Yang Baojin Guo Jinpeng Zhang Haiming Han Weihua Liu Xinming Yang Xiuquan Li Lihui Li State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShannxiChina National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

agropyron cristatum(2n=4x=28,PPPP),which harbours many high-yield and disease-resistance genes,is a promising donor for wheat improvement.Narrow genetic diversity and the trade-off between grain weight and grain number have become bottlenecks for increasing grain yield in wheat.In this study,a novel translocation line,WAT650l,was derived from the chromosome 6P addition line 4844–12,which can simultaneously increase both grain number per spike(GNS)and thousand-grain weight(TGW).Cytological analysis and molecular marker analysis revealed that WAT650l was a 5BL.5BS-6PL(bin 12–17)translocation line.Assessment of agronomic traits and analysis of the BC4F2 and BC5F2 populations suggested that the 6PL terminal chromosome segment in WAT650l resulted in increased grain number per spike(average increased by 14.07 grains),thousand-grain weight(average increased by 4.31 g),flag leaf length,plant height,spikelet number per spike and kernel number per spikelet during the two growing seasons of 2020–2021 and 2021–2022.Additionally,the increased GNS locus and high-TGW locus of WAT650l were mapped to the bins 16–17 and 12–13,respectively,on chromosome 6PL by genetic population analysis of three translocation lines.In summary,we provide a valuable germplasm resource for broadening the genetic base of wheat and overcoming the negative relationship between GNS and TGW in wheat breeding.

关键词： agropyron cristatum Wheat Grain number per spike Thousand-grain weight Translocation lines

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Chromosome 5P of agropyron cristatum induces chromosomal translocation by disturbing homologous chromosome pairing in a common wheat background

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The Crop Journal 2023年第1期11卷 228-237页

作者： Haiming Han Xinyuan Ma Zhen Wang Kai Qi Wenjing Yang Weihua Liu Jinpeng Zhang Shenghui Zhou Yuqing Lu Xinming Yang Xiuquan Li Lihui Li National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Wide hybridization is a strategy for broadening the genetic basis of wheat. Because an efficient method for inducing wheat–alien chromosome translocations will allow producing useful germplasm, it is desirable to discover new genes that induce chromosomal variation. In this study, chromosome 5P from A.cristatum was shown to induce many types of chromosomal structural variation in a common wheat background, including nonhomoeologous chromosome translocations, as revealed by genomic in situ hybridization, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and DNA marker analysis. Aberrant meiosis was associated with chromosomal structural variation, and aberrant meiotic behavior was observed in wheat–A.cristatum 5P monosomic and disomic addition lines, suggesting that the effect of chromosome 5P was independent of the number of chromosome 5P copies. Chromosome 5P disturbed homologous chromosome pairing at pachytene stage in a common wheat background, resulting in a high frequency of univalent formation and reduced crossing over. Thirteen genes involved in DNA repair or chromatin remodeling, including RAD52-like and MSH6 genes, were differentially expressed(upregulated) in wheat–A. cristatum 5P addition lines according to transcriptome analysis, implicating chromosome 5P in the process of meiotic double-strand break repair. These findings provide a new, efficient tool for inducing wheat–alien chromosome translocations and producing new germplasm.

关键词： agropyron cristatum Wheat Chromosome 5P Translocation Chromosome pairing

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Identification and genetic analysis of multiple P chromosomes of agropyron cristatum in the background of common wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第8期17卷 1697-1705页

作者： CHEN Hong-xin HAN Hai-ming LI Qing-feng ZHANG Jin-peng LU Yu-qing YANG Xin-ming LI Xiu-quan LIU Wei-hua LI Li-hui National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China College of Agronomy Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China

agropyron cristatum, a wild relative of common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.), provides many desirable genetic resources for wheat improvement, such as tolerance to cold, drought, and disease. To transfer and utilize these desirable genes, in this study, two wheat-A. cristatum derivatives II-13 and II-23 were identified and analyzed. We found that the number of root tip cell chromosomes was 44 in both II-13 and II-23, but there were four and six P genome chromosomes in II-13 and II-23, respectively, based on genomic in situ hybridization(GISH). The chromosome configurations of II-13 and II-23 were both 2 n=22 II by the meiotic analysis of pollen mother cells(PMCs) at metaphase I, indicating that there were two and three pairs of P chromosomes in II-13 and II-23, respectively. Notably, wheat chromosome 7 D was absent in derivative line II-13 while II-23 lacked chromosomes 4 B and 7 A based on SSR analysis combining fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) analysis with p As1 and p Sc119.2 as probes. Chromosomes 2 P and 7 P were detected in both II-13 and II-23. Another pair of P genome chromosomes in II-23 was determined to be 4 P based on expressed-sequences tags-sequence tagged sites(EST-STS) markers specific to A. cristatum and FISH with probes p Ac TRT1 and p Acp CR2. Overall, these results suggest that II-13 was a 7 P(7 D) substitution line with one pair of additional 2 P chromosomes and II-23 was a multiple 4 P(4 B), 7 P(7 A) substitution line with one pair of additional 2 P chromosomes. Moreover, we obtained six alien disomic addition lines and five alien disomic substitution lines by backcrossing. These new materials will allow desirable genes from A. cristatum to be used in common wheat.

关键词： common wheat agropyron cristatum derivatives in situ hybridization molecular markers

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Responses of Caryopsis Germination, Seedling Emergence, and Development to Sand Water Content of agropyron cristatum （L.） Gaertn. and Bromus inermis Leyss.

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2005年第12期47卷 1450-1458页

作者： Hui-Ling YANG Xuan-Wei ZHU Ming DONG Zhen-Ying HUANG Zhi-Ping CAO College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China Laboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Ecology Institute of Botany the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China

Responses of caryopsis germination, seedling emergence, and development of agropyron cristatum （L.） Gaertn. （Gramineae） and Bromus inermis Leyss. （Gramineae）, two dominant perennial grasses in the Otindag Sandland of China, to different sand water content （SWC; 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 12%, 16%, and 20%） were studied comparatively. The results showed that the germination responses of the two grasses to SWC were similar （i.e. caryopses could not germinate when the SWC was below 3%; at SWC ranging from 3% to 12%, the higher the SWC, the higher the germination percentage; and at a SWC of 12%-20%, germination reached similarly high percentages）. At a sand burial depth of 0.5 cm, the threshold of SWC for seedling emergence was 6% forA. cristatum and 8% forB. inermis; at 12%-20% SWC, the seedling emergence of both species reached similarly high percentages. The seedling growth responses of these two species to SWC gradients were different. For A. cristatum, the biomass of seedlings increased with SWC from 6% to 12%, and decreased with SWC from 12% to 20%. For B. inermis, the biomass of seedlings always increased with SWC from 8% to 20%. The results also showed that the seedlings of both species allocated more biomass to the roots with decreases in SWC. The SWC changes from April to October in natural microhabitats of both species suggested that the SWC may play an important role in caryopsis germination, seedling emergence, and the growth characteristics of the two grasses. The responses of caryopsis germination, seedling emergence, and the growth characteristics of these two species to SWC may determine their distribution pattems in the Otindag Sandland.

关键词： agropyron cristatum Bromus inermis caryopsis germination Otindag Sandland sand water content seedling emergence seedling growth characteristics.

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基于单拷贝核Pgk1基因在agropyron cristatum中谱系地理学研究

基于单拷贝核Pgk1基因在Agropyron cristatum中谱系地理学研究

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作者：余双炳四川农业大学

学位级别：硕士

冰草是禾本科小麦族冰草属的模式种,广泛分布于欧亚大陆,是冰草属中分布范围最广、应用最多的一个物种。冰草具有抗旱、抗寒性,是一种良好的水土保持植物和固沙植物,是草原、草甸的重要材料;冰草品质好,营养价值丰富,返青早,具有很高的... 详细信息

冰草是禾本科小麦族冰草属的模式种,广泛分布于欧亚大陆,是冰草属中分布范围最广、应用最多的一个物种。冰草具有抗旱、抗寒性,是一种良好的水土保持植物和固沙植物,是草原、草甸的重要材料;冰草品质好,营养价值丰富,返青早,具有很高的饲用价值;冰草具有抗赤霉素病、黄矮病、白粉病和叶锈病等小麦常见病虫害的优点,是培育新品种进行小麦遗传改良的重要资源。目前对冰草的研究主要集中在冰草资源的开发利用方面,从居群遗传学角度的相关报道比较少,对不同地理分布甚至是不同生态环境下的冰草居群遗传分化程度以及地理分布格局形成的原理和过程等缺乏研究。本研究采用谱系地理学方法与相关理论,以单拷贝核Pgk1基因为分子标记探讨东亚、中亚以及青藏高原、欧洲4个A. cristatum居群对不同环境所发生的进化;结合地质历史事件,分析其进化成因,了解其遗传结构。主要结果及结论如下：1.经PCR扩增、克隆测序,共得到87份A. cristatum材料的286条Pgk1基因序列,有690个变异位点,呈现265个单倍型序列。冰草的单倍型多态性为0.99902,核苷酸多态性为0.02070,说明冰草存在丰富的遗传多样性。基于Nei’s的基因分化系数Gst=0.14943,即14.943%的遗传变异存在于居群间,85.057%的遗传变异来源于居群内部,表明居群内的遗传分化大于居群间的遗传分化,说明居群内的变异是冰草物种的主要变异来源。2.对4个居群的单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性显示中亚居群的遗传多样性水平最高(Hd=0.99830,π=0.02220)。中亚居群与欧洲居群、青藏高原居群、东亚居群3者间的遗传距离分别为0.028、0.026和0.024,表明中亚居群与这3个居群间的亲缘关系都很相近。推测中亚是冰草的生物多样性中心。3. Network网状支系分析显示两个分支,Clade1包含来自青藏高原居群、中亚居群、东亚居群的材料;Clade2包含来自青藏高原居群、中亚居群、东亚居群、以及全部欧洲居群的冰草材料。其中青藏高原居群以及中亚居群的单倍型分别位于Clade 1和Clade 2两个分支的内部位置,并向边缘呈星状辐射,结合近代起源的单倍型出现在网状图的边缘位置而古老单倍型多存在于网状图的内部,推测青藏高原和中亚可能是冰草在末次冰期时的避难所。4. Tajima Test中性检测结果发现欧洲居群的冰草的Tajima’s D值为0.04456(P>0.10),结果不显著,遵循中性进化模型,推测欧洲居群的冰草在历史演化过程中没有发生种群扩张事件。而对青藏高原居群、东亚居群和中亚居群的中性检测结果显示这3个地区的冰草均经历了种群的扩张时间。结合各居群间基因流数据Nm,遗传分化指数Fst,推测冰草现有谱系地理结构可能是由于在冰期后,中亚居群向东亚、青藏高原和欧洲地区扩散,并且直接参与欧洲居群的形成。青藏高原居群向东亚和中亚地区扩散。青藏高原居群和东亚居群通过与中亚居群间的基因交流而间接与欧洲居群进行基因交流而形成的。

关键词：单拷贝基因 Pgk1 agropyron cristatum 谱系地理学

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Species-specific Response of Photosynthesis to Burning and Nitrogen Fertilization

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第5期50卷 565-574页

作者： Yanfang Zhang Shuli Niu Wenhua Xu Yi Han State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The present study was conducted to examine photosynthetic characteristics of three dominant grass species （agropyron cristatum, Leymus chinensis, and Cleistogenes squarrosa） and their responses to burning and nitrogen fertilization in a semiarid grassland in northern China. Photosynthetic rate （Pn）, stomatal conductance （gs）, and water use efficiency （WUE） showed strong temporal variability over the growing season. C. squarrosa showed a significantly higher Pn and WUE than A. cristatum and L. chinensis. Burning stimulated Pn of A. cristatum and L. chinensis by 24-59% （P 〈 0.05） in the early growing season, but not during other time periods. Light-saturated photosynthetic rate （Pmax） in A. cristatum and the maximum apparent quantum yield （Фmax） in A. cristatum and L. chinensis were significantly enhanced by burning （16-67%） in both the fertilized and unfertilized plots. The main effect of burning on Pn, Pmax and Фmax was not significant in C. squarrosa. The burning-induced changes in soil moisture could explain 51% （P= 0.01） of the burning-induced changes in Pn of the three species. All three species showed positive responses to N fertilization in terms of Pn, Pmax, and Фmax. The stimulation of Pn under N fertilization was mainly observed in the early growing season when the soil extractable N content was significantly higher in the fertilized plots. The N fertilization-induced changes in soil extractable N content could explain 66% （P = 0.001） of the changes in Pn under N fertilization. The photosynthetic responses of the three species indicate that burning and N fertilization will potentially change the community structure and ecosystem productivity in the semiarid grasslands of northern China.

关键词： agropyron cristatum burning Cleistogenes squarrosa Leymus chinensis nitrogen fertilization photosynthesis

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冰草居群减数分裂染色体配对式样研究

冰草居群减数分裂染色体配对式样研究

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作者：赵利玲四川农业大学

学位级别：硕士

冰草(agropyron cristatum(L.)Gaertner.)隶属于禾本科(Poaceae)小麦族(Triticeae)冰草属(agropyron Gaertner.),为多年生草本植物,是冰草属的模式种。冰草为异花授粉植物,广泛分布于世界温带地区,仅含有P基因组,包括二倍体(2n=14)、四倍体(2n=28)及六倍体(2n=42)。冰草在抗旱、抗寒、耐盐碱等方面具有很强的适应性而广泛用于水土保持和生态修复,具有丰富的营养和良好的适口性而成为畜牧业主要饲草作物,同时还对小麦的白粉病、锈病和黄矮病等一些主要病害表现出极强的抗性而成为小麦进行遗传改良的重要资源。冰草按地理位置及生态环境形成了中亚、东亚、青藏高原及中东四个典型的天然居群,并在分化自然选择压力下逐步固定种群的适应性位点而造成种群分化。然而,造成冰草种群分化的细胞遗传学基础,特别是对花粉母细胞减数分裂染色体配对行为及变异式样缺乏系统、全面的了解,不利于冰草资源的利用与保护。本研究对中亚、东亚、中东地区的41份冰草花粉母细胞进行染色体制片,并通过对冰草减数分裂中期I各个配对参数进行聚类分析、差异显著性分析和相关性分析,为冰草居群花粉母细胞减数分裂染色体配对变异情况、亲缘关系、起源及演化等方面提供细胞学依据。主要结果如下:1.三个居群中,二倍体冰草减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体主要以二价体进行配对,没有观察到多价体,有少量的单价体出现;四倍体冰草减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体主要以二价体进行配对,有少量的单价体出现,且观察到较高频率的多价体。2.统计聚类分析发现41份冰草聚为了3组,A组包含了7份来自于中亚居群的四倍体冰草,1份来自于东亚居群的四倍体冰草,1份来自于中东居群的四倍体冰草;B组包含了19份来自于中亚居群的四倍体冰草,4份来自于东亚居群的四倍体冰草,2份来自于中东居群的四倍体冰草;C组包含了4份来自于中亚居群的二倍体冰草,1份来自于东亚居群的二倍体冰草,2份来自于中东居群的二倍体冰草。3.聚类分析及差异显著性分析发现:(1)A组中亚个体(第1组)与B组中亚个体(第2组)减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体平均配对参数之间:四价体差异显著(P<0.05),单价体、三价体、交叉值及C值达到差异极显著(P<0.01)。(2)A组中亚个体(第1组)和B组东亚个体(第3组)减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体平均配对参数之间:单价体、三价体、四价体、交叉值及C值达到了极显著差异(P<0.01)。(3)B组中亚个体(第2组)和B组东亚个体(第3组)的减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体平均配对参数之间:单价体、二价体、三价体及六价体没有达到显著差异,而交叉值和C值差异显著(P<0.05),四价体达到了极显著差异(P<0.01)。4.通过相关性分析获得冰草减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体配对各参数:交叉值与单价体,六价体呈弱相关,相关系数为0.22、0.11;交叉值与环状二价体、闭合型四价体呈强相关,相关系数分别为0.8、0.89;交叉值与海拔呈弱相关,相关系数为0.19;环状二价体,闭合型四价体,六价体都与海拔呈弱相关,且随着海拔的升高,相关系数相对增加,相关系数分别为0.16、0.21、0.32,而棒状二价体与海拔呈负相关,三价体与海拔几乎不相关。5.综合冰草居群减数分裂中期I染色体配对构型、聚类分析、差异显著性分析以及相关性分析的结果,推测冰草减数分裂染色体配对变异可能与其分布生境的不同有关;进化上,冰草从中亚向东亚、中东地区形成扩散趋势,通过花粉母细胞减数分裂染色体配对的变异来增强对新生境的适应性,从而克服环境变化带来的不利。

关键词：减数分裂 agropyron cristatum 染色体配对居群

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How do native and "improved" grasses affect above-ground production and soil organic C?

How do native and "improved" grasses affect above-ground pro...

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ⅩⅪ International Grassland Congress and the Ⅷ International Rangeland Congress

作者： W.D.Willms H.Douwes Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lethbridge AlbertaCanada T1J 4B1

＜正＞Introduction Crested wheatgrass[agropyron cristatum（L.） Gaertn.]and Russian wildrye[Psathyrostachys juncea（Fisch.） Nevski]are commonly used for reseeding in the more xeric Mixed Prairie because they are perceived to be more productive than native species.However,crested wheatgrass has been implicated in soil deterioration（Dormaar et al.,1995） while native grasses are being examined with increasing interest in Canada for their potential use in reclamation and forage production（Kerr et al.,1993）.The objectives of our study were to compare the above-ground net primary production（ANPP） and soil organic C among communities of selected native and introduced grasses and wheat,and to assess the benefits of simple mixtures.

关键词： agropyron cristatum Psathyrostachys juncea Stipa viridula Pascopyrum smithii Bouteloua gracilis

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