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agronomic practices and Macronutrients Status of Different Age Groups of Smallholder Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Plantations in Dibombari Sub-Division, Cameroon

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第10期14卷 1444-1464页

作者： James M. Kundu Godswill A. Asongwe Lawrence M. Ndam David T. Agbor Aaron S. Tening Raymond N. Nkongho Department of agronomic and Applied Molecular Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine University of Buea Buea South West Region Cameroon Department of Environmental Science Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea South West Region Cameroon Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Faculty of Agriculture Ondokuz Mayis University Samsun Turkey Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine University of Buea Buea South West Region Cameroon

Oil palm is cultivated by agro-industries and smallholders for vegetable oil production. Good farm management practices with balanced soil and plant macronutrients are needed to attain optimum yields. Smallholder oil palm farmers of Dibombari Sub-Division, Cameroon, suffer from low on farm yields which could emanate from the agronomic practices implemented, which also has an influence on the soil and plant macronutrient status. This study provides information on the agronomic practices, soil and plant macronutrients status in smallholder oil palm fields. Structured questionnaires were administered to 200 farmers to collect data on their agronomic practices, using a stratified random sampling design. Soil and plants were sampled from plantations of different age groups (control, >0 - 4 years, >4 - 8 years and >8 - 15 years’ plantations) in four locations of the Sub-Division (i.e. Dibombari-central, Bonamateke, Bomono and Nkapa) using a randomized complete block design. Data collected, was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that 65% of farmers planted Tenera variety, with majority of them below the standards for weeding (81%), fertilizer use (100%), pruning (62%), pest/disease control (90.5%) and harvesting (96%) practices. Soil macronutrients were low across the different plantations except P which was optimal at >0 - 4 years and >4 - 8 years’ plantations but low at >8 - 15 years’ plantation. Similarly, for plant macronutrients, N and P were optimal across the different plantations, while K and Mg were optimal at >0 - 4 years’ plantation but low at >4 - 8 years and >8 - 15 years’ plantations. Thus, agronomic practices and macronutrient status of soil and plants were below standards in smallholder oil palm plantations of Dibombari, leading to low yields of fresh fruit bunches.

关键词： Smallholders Oil Palm Plantations agronomic practices Soil and Plant Macronutrients

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Increasing rainfed wheat yield by optimizing agronomic practices to consume more subsoil water in the Loess Plateau

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The Crop Journal 2021年第6期9卷 1418-1427页

作者： Wenjia Yang Weijian Liu Yulin Li Shiwen Wang Lina Yin Xiping Deng State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau College of Natural Resources and EnvironmentNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina College of Life Sciences Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences&Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling 712100ShaanxiChina

Erratic rainfall and misalignment between the rainy season and the growing season of winter wheat greatly limit rainfed winter wheat yield in the Loess Plateau of China. To increase the grain yield of winter wheat in this region, the effects of different agronomic practices, including adjusting planting pattern(NR, narrow row spacing), increasing seeding rate(high seeding rate, HS), decreasing basal nitrogen rate and increasing top-dressed nitrogen rate(DBN), and replacing an old cultivar with a new cultivar(NC) on wheat yield were investigated for two consecutive years. The results showed that the current grain yield of rainfed winter wheat in the Loess Plateau could be increased to 5879–7093 kg ha^(-1) by HS, DBN and NC practices relative to the practice of high-yielding farmers(PF). The increased yield due to HS, DBN and NC was attributed to the higher number of spikes ha^(-1), 1000-grain weight, and kernels spike^(-1). Before the flowering stage, HS increased soil water consumption(SWC) in 1–3 m subsoil due to the higher plant population compared with that of PF, whereas DBN decreased SWC in the 0–2 m soil layer compared with that of PF. After the flowering stage, HS, DBN, and NC increased SWC by 8–16 mm in 2–3 m subsoil compared to PF. The water use efficiency(WUE) was increased under DBN and NC in comparison with ***, the WUE did not increase under HS as it had the highest evapotranspiration among the five treatments. Increasing the use of subsoil water during the late growth stage by optimizing agronomic practices or applying new cultivars with expansive roots should be the primary approach to increase rainfed winter wheat yield in this region.

关键词： Winter wheat agronomic practices Soil water consumption Grain yield Loess Plateau

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Designing Cropping Systems for Metal-Contaminated Sites: A Review

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Pedosphere 2012年第4期22卷 470-488页

作者： G. ECHEVARRIA T. STERCKEMAN M. O. SIMONNOT J. L. MOREL INPL(ENSAIA)/INRA Laboratoire Sols et Environnement 2 Avenue de la For et de Haye BP 172 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex (France) Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP) Université de Lorraine-CNRS (UPR 3349) 1 Rue Grandville BP20451 54001 Nancy Cedex (France)

Considering that even contaminated soils are a potential resource for agricultural production, it is essential to develop a set of cropping systems to allow a safe and sustainable agriculture on contaminated lands while avoiding any transfer of toxic trace elements to the food chain. In this review, three main strategies, i.e., phytoexclusion, phytostabilization, and phytoextraction, are proposed to establish cropping systems for production of edible and non-edible plants, and for extraction of elements for industrial use. For safe production of food crops, the selection of low-accumulating plants/cultivars and the application of soil amendments are of vital importance. Phytostabilization using non-food energy and fiber plants can provide additional renewable energy sources and economic benefit with minimum cost of agricultural measures. Phytoextracting trace elements (e.g., As, Cd, Ni, and Zn) using hyperaccumulator species is more suitable for slightly and moderately polluted sites, and phytomining of Ni from serpentine soils has shown a great potential to extract Ni-containing bio-ores of economic interests. We conclude that appropriate combinations of soil types, plant species/cultivars, and agronomic practices can restrict trace metal transfer to the food chain and/or extract energy and metals of industrial use and allow safe agricultural activities.

关键词： agronomic practices food safety hyperaccumulator phytoremediation trace element

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Making rainfed agriculture sustainable through environmental friendly technologies in Pakistan:A review

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2013年第2期1卷 36-52页

作者： Mirza B.Baig Shabbir A.Shahid Gary S.Straquadine Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Society College of Food and Agricultural SciencesKing Saud UniversityKingdom of Saudi Arabia International Centre for Biosaline Agriculture DubaiUnited Arab Emirates Ohio State University ColumbusOHUSA 43210

Pakistan is an agricultural country spreading over an area of about 79.6 million hectares(Mha)with an arid and semi arid *** 79.6 Mha,about 23 Mha is suitable for crop production and nearly 25 percent of the total cultivated area is designated for rainfed ***,rain-fed agriculture is constrained with multifarious problems such as moisture stress,soil erosion and crusting,nutrient deficiency,depletion and poor nutrient use efficiency,and weed infestation limiting the yield potential of these *** addition,deforestation and poor crop husbandry techniques are commonly noticed *** meet the food requirements,farmers bring all the available pieces of lands under plough including steep *** on steep slopes if not managed on scientific lines,results in severe *** problems faced by the farmers are due to the unsustainable practices they adopt to practice dryland agriculture,limiting the productive potential of these important ***,their potential can be improved by adopting suitable rainwater harvesting techniques;employing scientific soil and water conservation methods and using sustainable agricultural *** paper highlights some important issues associated with the rainfed agriculture of *** strategies for realizing optimum and sustainable yields have been outlined while conserving both land and water resources.

关键词： Arid agriculture Sustainable technologies Rainwater harvesting agronomic practices Extension Education

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