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Influence of agricultural inputs on Growth and Yield of Jatropha curcas （L.） in Cameroon

Journal of Life Sciences 2013年第7期7卷 712-721页

作者： Tchobsala Mégueni Clautilde Njintang Yanou Nicolas Nenwǒa Kona Bilele Patrick Prudent Joseph Wey Department of Biological sciences Faculty of Science University of Ngaoundéré Ngaoundéré Cameroun IRAD Garoua Cameroon CIRAD Paris France

A study was carried out in the Northern region of Cameroon to assess the influence of fertilizers （chemical fertilizer NPK （15-20-15 w/w/w） or cow dung） on the growth and yield ofJatropha curcas from four origins namely Cameroon, Senegal, Tanzania and Mozambique. The experimental design was factorial with 4 origins×3 fertilizers×8 month durations. After planting, growth parameters and dendrometric measurements were carried out monthly during eight months. Data were analyzed using a Statgraphics program and Duncan test. The results showed that plant of Tanzania and Mozambique origin had higher germination rate in field 75% and 69.5%, respectively. The survival rate of transplants was 100% for Cameroon origin and 98.48% for Senegal origin. NPK and cow dung significantly （P 〈 0.05） increased the growth parameters height, diameter, number of ramifications, leaves and fruits of Jatropha curcas. In addition Jatropha from Cameroon origin exhibited the highest growing conditions and high fruit yield, then highlighting its potential for the biofuel program of the country. But significant improvement needs to be done, particularly on the level of fertilizer needed.

关键词： agricultural inputs growth yield Jatropha curcas Cameroon.

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Bioavailability of agricultural Pesticides on the Land Snails in the Commune of Kerou in the North of Benin

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2019年第7期9卷 103-112页

作者： Fadéby Modeste Gouissi Afouda Esaie Adimi Department of Management of Natural Resources(AGRN) Water and Soil EngineeringFaculty of Agronomy(FA)University of Parakou(UP)ParakouBenin

The present study was conducted in the commune of Kérou in North Benin to measure the bioavailability of agricultural pesticides heavily used in the production of cotton on snails. The test was conducted in peasant environment in two villages of the commune. In each site, there are three cages containing 6 snails each. The snails are exposed to soil and plants without special protection and are therefore exposed to environmental conditions. Firstly it’s to evaluate the presence or absence of agricultural pesticides in the viscera of snails after exposure. Secondly it consists to compare the different doses found in the viscera of snails in the different sites. And finally it’s to evaluate the effect of the toxicity of the pesticides on the reproduction of snails. The tests consisted of placing steel cages in the two experimental sites. In each site, there are three cages containing 6 snails each. Snails are exposed to soil and plants without special protection and are therefore exposed to environmental conditions. The observations were made in order to establish a study of transfer kinetics. After the analysis of the data, it appears generally that the accumulation of mineral elements highlighted is not proportional to the mineralogical composition of the soil in which the snail is exposed. Total nitrogen and nitrate were significantly accumulated in the flesh of site 2 snails compared to site 1 snails. These different measures show the bioavailability of soil minerals for living organisms. Accumulations are not necessarily accompanied by toxic effects in terms of survival for snails after 28 days of exposure. However, the absence of immediate toxic effect on snails does not imply a lack of effect in food chains due to the trophic availability of contaminants. The use of snails as bio-indicator of soil quality has therefore proved relevant in the context of soils polluted by minerals.

关键词： Bioavailability Snail agricultural inputs Soil Pollution

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