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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第7期7卷 154-171页

作者： Jean-Jacques Tanoh Koua Armand Kouao Anoh Drissa Tanina Soro Jean Kan Kouame Roger Jean Patrice Jourda Environment Training and Research Unit Jean Lorougnon Guédé University Daloa Cote d’Ivoire Earth Sciences and Mineral Resources Training and Research Unit Felix Houphouet Boigny University Abidjan Cote d’Ivoire University Center for Research and Application in Remote Sensing Abidjan Cote d’Ivoire

This study has used RUSLE model factors within a GIS component to evaluate eroded soil and developed viable agricultural practices scenarios to reduce soil loss in Buyo Lake catchment in the Western region of Côte d’Ivoire. Consequently, five study cases were tested as following: scenario 1—association of dense forest and crops with a high percentage of mulch;scenario 2—corn and sorghum combination by considering a high yield without conventional tillage;scenario 3—establishment of an herbaceous meadow;and scenario 4—association of palm, coffee, and cocoa with green cover. Scenario P was the setting up of straw mulch after corn or sorghum harvest. The erosion map resulting from these study cases showed by estimation, an average of soil loss of about 95 t/ha/year. The respective values obtained for the scenarios 1, 2 and 3 are 28 t/ha/year, 66 t/ha/year and 30 t/ha/year. This indicates a decrease of 68%. By scenario 4, the estimated average was 2 t/ha/year corresponding to a decrease of 98%. The combination of scenario 2 with scenario P gave soil losses average of 5 t/ha/year, i.e. a 95% reduction. This study shows that the association of palm, coffee, and cocoa with green cover would be very effective in reducing soil loss.

关键词： agricultural practices Soil Erosion Scenarios Buyo Lake Catchment Cote d’Ivoire

Changes in Soil Microbial Activity and Community Composition as a Result of Selected agricultural practices

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agricultural Sciences 2019年第3期10卷 330-351页

作者： Martyna Glodowska Malgorzata Wozniak Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute Department of Agricultural MicrobiologyPulawyPoland

For a constantly growing human population, healthy and productive soil is critical for sustainable delivery of agricultural products. The soil microorganisms play a crucial role in soil structure and functioning. They are responsible for soil formation, ecosystem biogeochemistry, cycling of nutrients and degradation of plant residues and xenobiotics. Certain agricultural treatments, such as fertilizers and pesticides applications, crop rotation, or soil amendment addition, influence the composition, abundance and function of bacteria and fungi in the soil ecosystems. Some of these practices have rather negative effects;others can help soil microorganisms by creating a friendlier habitat or providing nutrients. The changes in microbial community structure cannot be fully captured with traditional methods that are limited only to culturable organisms, which represent less than 1% of the whole population. The use of new molecular techniques such as metagenomics offers the possibility to better understand how agriculture affects soil microbiota. Therefore, the main goal of this review is to discuss how common farming practices influence microbial activity in the soil, with a special focus on pesticides, fertilizers, heavy metals and crop rotation. Furthermore, potential practices to mitigate the negative effects of some treatments are suggested and treatments that can beneficially influence soil microbiota are pointed out. Finally, application of metagenomics technique in agriculture and perspectives of developing efficient molecular tools in order to assess soil condition in the context of microbial activities are underlined.

关键词： agricultural practices Microbial Activity Soil Microorganisms

Influence of some agricultural practices on the soil acidification in acid precipitation areas

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Journal of Chongqing University 2006年第1期5卷 42-45页

作者：李士杏 Biochemical engineering department Jaxing college

Both acid precipitation and unreasonable agricultural practices are notorious artificial factors resulting in soil acidification. To sort out reasonable agricultural practices favorable to abating soil acidification, the task of this study was directed to a long-term field trial in Chongqing, dudng which chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer were applied to different crop rotations and the soil pH value was measured. The results indicated that all treatments decreased pH value in the 0 to 20 cm soil layer after ten years. Problems were more serious when chlorine-containing fertilizer, excessive chemical fertilizer and mixed fertilizer were applied. It is demonstrated that balance rates of N, P and K fertilizers, application of muck in field are advantageous to abating soil acidification. Oil plants affect soil acidification more than cereal in different crop rotation.

关键词： soil acidification agricultural practices acid precipitation

Elevated carbon dioxide stimulates nitrous oxide emission in agricultural soils: A global meta-analysis

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Pedosphere 2022年第1期32卷 3-14页

作者： Yilin DU Xinyu GUO Jinxing LI Yuankun LIU Jipeng LUO Yongchao LIANG Tingqiang LI Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health College of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of agricultural Resources and Environment Hangzhou 310058China National Demonstration Center for Experimental Environment and Resources Education Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Elevated carbon dioxide (CO_(2))(e CO_(2)) has been shown to affect the nitrous oxide (N_(2)O) emission from terrestrial ecosystems by altering the interaction of plants,soils,and ***,the impact of e CO_(2) on the N_(2)O emission from agricultural soils remains poorly *** meta-analysis summarizes the effect of e CO_(2) on N_(2)O emission in agricultural ecosystems and soil physiochemical and biological characteristics using 50 publications *** e CO_(2) effect values,which equal to the percentage changes of N_(2)O emission under e CO_(2),were calculated based on the natural logarithm of the response ratio to e CO_(2).We found that e CO_(2) significantly increased N_(2)O emission (by 44%),which varied depending on experimental conditions,agricultural practices,and soil *** addition,e CO_(2) significantly increased soil water-filled pore space (by 6%),dissolved organic carbon content (by11%),and nitrate nitrogen content (by 13%),but significantly reduced soil p H (by 1%).Moreover,e CO_(2) significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon(by 28%) and soil microbial biomass nitrogen (by 7%) ***,e CO_(2) significantly increased the abundances of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB) amo A (by 21%),nir K (by 15%),and nir S (by 15%),but did not affect the abundances of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) amo A and nos *** findings indicate that e CO_(2) substantially stimulates N_(2)O emission in agroecosystems and highlight that optimization of nitrogen management and agronomic options might suppress this stimulation and aid in reducing greenhouse effect.

关键词： agricultural practices agroecosystems climate change experimental conditions greenhouse gas soil properties

Nitrous Oxide Emission by agricultural Soils: A Review of Spatial and Temporal Variability for Mitigation

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Pedosphere 2012年第4期22卷 426-433页

作者： C. HNAULT A. GROSSEL B. MARY M. ROUSSEL J. LONARD INRA UR 272 Science du Sol Centre de Recherches d'Orléans CS 40001 Ardon 45075 Orléans cedex 2 (France) INRA-Université de Bourgogne UMR 1229 Microbiologie du sol et de l'Environnement 17 rue Sully BP 86510 21065 Dijon cedex (France) INRA US 1158 Agro-Impact Po le du Griffon 180 rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes 02000 Barenton-Bugny (France)

This short review deals with soils as an important source of the greenhouse gas N2O. The production and consumption of N2O in soils mainly involve biotic processes: the anaerobic process of denitrification and the aerobic process of nitrification. The factors that significantly influence agricultural N2O emissions mainly concern the agricultural practices (N application rate, crop type, fertilizer type) and soil conditions (soil moisture, soil organic C content, soil pH and texture). Large variability of N2O fluxes is known to occur both at different spatial and temporal scales. Currently new techniques could help to improve the capture of the spatial variability. Continuous measurement systems with automatic chambers could also help to capture temporal variability and consequently to improve quantification of N2O emissions by soils. Some attempts for mitigating soil N2O emissions, either by modifying agricultural practices or by managing soil microbial functioning taking into account the origin of the soil N2O emission variability, are reviewed.

关键词： agricultural practices fertilization greenhouse gas N2O fluxes soil-atmosphere interface

Soil Salinity Changes in the Jordan Valley Potentially Threaten Sustainable Irrigated Agriculture

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Pedosphere 2013年第3期23卷 376-384页

作者： T.G.AMMARI R.TAHHAN S.ABUBAKE Y.AL-ZU'BI A.TAHBOUB R.TA'ANY S.ABU-ROMMAN N.AL-MANASEER M.H.STIETIYA Department of Water Resources and Environmental Management Faculty of Agricultural Technology Al-Balqa' Applied University Department of Natural Resources and Environment Faculty of Agriculture Jordan University of Science and Technology Department of Plant Production and Protection Faculty of Agricultural Technology Al-Balqa' Applied University Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Agricultural Technology Al-Balqa' Applied University Department of Land Water and Environment Faculty of Agriculture University of Jordan

The integrated effect of irrigation and agricultural practices on soil salinity in the Jordan Valley （JV）, where over 60% of Jordan＇s agricultural produce is grown, was investigated in this study during 2009-2010. Due to the differences in agricultural operations, cropping patterns, irrigation management, and weather conditions, 206 top- and sub-soil samples were taken every 1 to 3 km from representative farms along a north-south （N-S） transect with 1 to 2 km lateral extents. Soil electrical conductivity of saturated extract （ECse）, Ca, Mg, K, Na, CI, and Na adsorption ratio （SAR） were determined in saturated paste extracts. Results indicated that about 63% of soils in the JV are indeed saline, out of which almost 46% are moderately to strongly saline. Along the N-S transect of the JV, ECse increased from 4.5 to 14.1 dS m-1 in top-soil samples. Similar increase was observed for the sub-soil samples. The major chemical components of soil salinity; i.e., Ca, Mg, and C1, also showed a similar increase along the N-S transect of the valley. Moreover, compared to previous field sampling, results showed that changes in soil salinity in the JV were dramatic. In addition, it was found that C1 imposed an existing and potential threat to sensitive crops in 60% of the soils in the JV, where C1 concentrations were greater than 710 mg L-1. Under the prevalent arid Mediterranean conditions, improving the management of .irrigation water, crops, and nutrient inputs and increasing water and fertilizer use efficiencies should be indispensable to conserve and sustain the already fragile agricultural soils in the JV.

关键词： agricultural practices chloride electrical conductivity irrigation water quality soil salinization

Contrasting Effects of agricultural Management on Soil Organic Carbon Balance in Different agricultural Regions of China

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Pedosphere 2013年第6期23卷 717-728页

作者： WANG Guo-Cheng LUO Zhong-Kui WANG En-Li HUANG Yao State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences CSIRO Land & Water Black Mountain State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences

Improving management of soil organic carbon(SOC)has been considered as a substantial mitigation strategy to climate *** such as stubble retention(SR),conservation tillage(ZT),and fertilization are recommended for both promoting production and accumulating ***,whether such management practices can cause net increase in SOC or just a slow-down of SOC decline largely depends on the current status of SOC for a given *** paper synthesized the available SOC data in the croplands of China,and analysed the change of SOC in the top 20 cm soil as a result of management *** results showed that,on average,SOC increased by 18.3%through SR,by 9.1%through ZT,and by 12.4%,36.9%and 41.5%through application of inorganic(IF),organic(OF)and combined inorganic and organic fertilizers(IOF),respectively,compared to those under stubble removal,conventional tillage and no *** SR,ZT,IF,OF and IOF,SOC increased by 16.0%,10.2%,8.2%,32.2%and41.3%,respectively,at the end of the trials compared with the initial values at the start of the *** analysis also showed that in Northeast and Northwest China,SOC in agricultural soils is still decreasing due to *** North and South China,however,SOC appears to have reached a new equilibrium of low SOC state after a long cultivation history,and soils have greater potential to sequester *** analysis highlights the need of taking account of the baseline status to assess the net soil C balance over time and space.

关键词： agricultural practices climate change fertilization residue management tillage

Interlinking climate change with waterenergy-food nexus and related ecosystem processes in California case studies

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Ecological Processes 2016年第1期5卷 166-179页

作者： Qinqin Liu Department of Water Resources Natural Resources AgencySacramentoCAUSA

Global climate change creates critical challenges with increasing temperature,reducing snowpack,and changing precipitation for water,energy,and food,as well as ecosystem processes at regional *** services provide life support,goods,and natural resources from water,energy,and food,as well as the *** are knowledge gaps from the lack of conceptual framework and practices to interlink major climate change drivers of water resources with water-energy-food nexus and related ecosystem *** paper provided an overview of research background,developed a conceptual framework to bridge these knowledge gaps,summarized California case studies for practices in cross sector ecosystem services,and identified future research *** this conceptual framework,climate change drivers of changing temperature,snowpack,and precipitation are interlinked with life cycles in water,energy,food,and related key elements in ecosystem *** studies in California indicated climate change affected variation in increasing temperature and changing hydrology at the regional scales.A large variation in average energy intensity values was also estimated from ground water and federal,state,and local water supplies both within each hydrological region and among the ten hydrological regions in *** increased regional temperature,changes in snowpack and precipitation,and increased water stresses from drought can reduce ecosystem services and affect the water and energy nexus and agricultural food production,as well as fish and wildlife habitats in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta(Delta)and Central Valley *** decisions and practices in integrated management of water,energy,food,and related ecosystem processes are essential to adapt and mitigate global climate change impacts at the regional *** and policy support for interdisciplinary research are critical to develop the database and tools for comprehensive analysis to fill kn

关键词： Ecosystem services Ecosystem Climate change Water Energy Food and environments agricultural practices Ecosystem processes Sustainable natural resource Integrated resource management California Interdisciplinary research

Constraints, and Implications of Organic Farming in Bananas and Plantains Production Sustainability in Benin

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agricultural Sciences 2021年第6期12卷 645-665页

作者： Anicet G. Dassou Silvère Tovignan Fifanou Vodouhè Gbèlidji T. Vodouhè René Tokannou Gervais-Claude Assogba Valentin Kindomihou Léonard Afouda Aimé H. Bokonon-Ganta Simplice D. Vodouhè Laboratory of Biotechnology Genetic Resources and Plant and Animal Breeding National University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM) Dassa Benin Laboratory of Economic and Social Dynamics Analysis Faculty of Agronomy University of Parakou (UP) Parakou Benin West African Network for Ecological and Organic Agriculture (PABE) Cotonou Benin School of Economy Socio-Anthropology and Communication (EESAC) FSA UAC Abomey-Calavi Benin Laboratory of Applied Ecology (LEA) Faculty of Agronomic Sciences (FSA) University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Cotonou Benin Laboratory of agricultural Entomology (LEAg) Faculty of Agronomic Sciences (FSA) University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Cotonou Benin

Bananas and plantains production is an important income source for millions of small farmers. The increased demand for bananas and plantains on national and international market would justify its value chain development. However, its value chain faces several constraints, of which production and marketing turn out to be the most important. This study aimed at determining and analyzing the constraints related to Bananas and Plantains value chain and showing the gaps between agroecological and agricultural practices used by farmers in southern Benin. Characterization was carried out on the seed production systems, agricultural practices, bananas and plantains production, fruit availability and commercialization constraints with farmers using individual and focus groups surveys. Bananas and plantains seedlings production and acquisition varied according to production areas. Their seedlings self-production was widespread in production areas and 26 cultivars have been identified as major. The availability of these cultivars varied across time and production areas. There were significant negative effects of agricultural practices on major banana pest’s presence. Bananas and plantains production was limited by 12 factors, from which banana plants fall related to the wind, lack of financial support to irrigate banana fields, climate changes, no availability of cultivable lands and low rainfall are revealed to be the most important. Regarding commercialization constraints, low sale prices and difficult access to markets were the most important. Better knowledge of bananas and plantains production systems would help to develop sustainable organic farming strategies to reduce the constraints identified.

关键词： Bananas and Plantain Seedling Production agricultural practices Constraints Organic Farming

Glyphosate Exposure in a Farmer’s Family

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2012年第9期3卷 1001-1003页

作者： Robin Mesnage Christian Moesch Rozenn Le Grand Guillaume Lauthier Joel Spiroux de Vendomois Steeve Gress Gilles-Eric Seralini Network on Risks Quality and Sustainable Environment MRSH-CNRSInstitute of BiologyUniversity of CaenCaenFrance CRIIGEN ParisFrance Pharmacology and Toxicology Department University Hospital of LimogesLimogesFrance

We tested the presence of glyphosate in the urines of a farmer who sprayed a glyphosate based herbicide on his land, and in his family, as his children were born with birth defects that could be due to or promoted by pesticides. Glyphosate residues were measured in urines a day before, during, and two days after spraying, by liquid chromatography-linear ion trap mass spectrometry. Glyphosate reached a peak of 9.5 μg/L in the farmer after spraying, and 2 μg/L were found in him and in one of his children living at a distance from the field, two days after the pulverization. Oral or dermal absorptions could explain the differential pesticide excretions, even in family members at a distance from the fields. A more detailed following of agricultural practices and family exposures should be advocated together with information and recommendations.

关键词： Glyphosate Exposure Pesticides Birth Defects agricultural practices