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Neonatal Exposure to the Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors Diprotin A and Sitagliptin Induces Depression-Like Behavior, Anxiety, and Latent aggression in Adolescent and Adult Rats

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2016年第4期6卷 167-183页

作者： Nataliya A. Krupina Nadezhda N. Khlebnikova Laboratory of the General Pathology of Nervous System Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology” Moscow Russia

Emotional and motivational disorders in adults are often considered to be the result of altered neurodevelopment. Clinical and experimental data provide evidence that serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV, EC 3.***.14.5) is involved in the pathophysiology of psycho-emotional disorders. Recently, we have shown that adolescent and adult rats exhibit an increase in anxiety and depression-related behaviors after neonatal administration of a synthetic non-competitive inhibitor of DPP-IV, methionyl-2(S)-cyano-pyrrolidine. In the present study, we tested the effects of two competitive, selective DPP-IV inhibitors, sitagliptin (4 mg/kg) and diprotin A (2 mg/kg), administered at postnatal days 5 - 18 on the emotional and motivational behavior of adolescent and adult rats. We observed increased anxiety in one-month-old diprotin A- or sitagliptin-treated rats in the elevated plus maze;diprotin A also enhanced the animals’ anxiety score using a ranked scale for evaluating anxiety and phobias. In the sucrose consumption and preference test, depressive-like behavior was pronounced in both the diprotin A- and sitagliptin-treated one-month-old animals, while only the diprotin A-treated rats exhibited a decrease in sucrose consumption at the age of 2 months. The diprotin A-treated rats also demonstrated behavioral despair and decreased activity in the forced swimming test within 1 - 3 months of age. Increased aggression was observed in 1 - 3-month-old diprotin A-treated rats and in two-month-old sitagliptin-treated rats. These findings support the hypothesis that DPP-IV is involved in the genesis of emotional and motivational disorders. Additionally, the results show that diprotin А impairs the adolescent and adult rats’ behavior more significantly than sitagliptin when the animals were treated with the DPP-IV inhibitors in the early postnatal period.

关键词： Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitors Rat Depression Anxiety aggression

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Exploring the Empathy - aggression Relationship, and Gender Related Differences in Greek College Students

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Journal of Psychological Research 2021年第2期3卷 45-67页

作者： Nathasha S.Sharma Psychology Department of Hellenic American University/Hellenic American Education Center

The present study examined the inverse relationship between empathy(cognitive and affective)and forms of aggression(physical,verbal,anger and hostility).Previous research has continuously argued that empathy mitigates forms of aggression in individuals due to cognitive perspective taking and emotional sharing with others,that buffer hostile behaviour towards one another.However,there is a gap in the literature regarding this association in Greek culture.This correlational analysis examined empathy using the widely known multifaceted Davis Interpersonal Reactivity Index and aggression was explored using the multi-dimensional Buss-Perry aggression Questionnaire in a sample of 92 Greek undergraduate college students from two private institutions in Athens,Greece.Gender effects on aggression and empathy levels were investigated as well.The results revealed that cognitive and emotional empathy indeed demonstrates a negative relationship with direct physical aggression.However,other forms of aggression such as verbal aggression,hostility and anger were positively associated with personal distress and Empathic fantasy majorly linked to Greek emotional regulation difficulties.Females displayed higher Empathic fantasy scores compared to males.A cultural perspective was adopted in exploring the results considering norms,gender roles,collective regulation capacities and societal conditioning,offering links to previous literature and theories.

关键词： Empathy aggression Gender Greek Emotional regulation

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The Short-Term Effect of Online Violent Stimuli on aggression

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Open Journal of Medical Psychology 2016年第2期5卷 35-42页

作者： Jingjin Tian Qian Zhang Jian Cao Philip Rodkin School of Applied Technology Southwest University Chongqing China Department of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China Center for the Study of Mental Health Education Southwest University Chongqing China Research Institute of Calligraphy College of Literature Southwest University Chongqing China Department of Educational Psychology University of Illinois Champaign IL USA

The significance of this study was to find whether violent stimuli exposure could escalate the following levels of aggression in order to better cultivate aggression education among contemporary undergraduates in China. This study mainly tested the effects of violent stimuli on aggression by employing modified Stroop task. A total of 188 undergraduates participated in this study. Results showed that undergraduates exposing to violent stimuli exhibited high levels of aggression, whereas undergraduates who exposed to non-violent stimuli displayed low levels of aggression. Specifically, males, but not females, manifested high levels of aggression after exposure to violent stimuli. Moreover, viewers with high-aggressiveness (HA), but not with moderate-aggressiveness (MA) and low-aggressiveness (LA), showed high levels of aggression after exposure to violent stimuli via internet.

关键词： Violent Stimuli aggression Undergraduates Modified Stroop Task

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Potential for treatment of severe autism in tuberous sclerosis complex

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2013年第3期2卷 16-25页

作者： Tanjala T Gipson Gwendolyn Gerner Mary Ann Wilson Mary E Blue Michael V Johnston Tuberous Sclerosis Clinic Kennedy Krieger Institute Department of Neurology and Developmental Medicine Kennedy Krieger Institute Clinical Trials Unit Kennedy Krieger Institute Neuroscience Laboratory Hugo W. Moser Research InstituteInc.Kennedy Krieger Institute Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Department of Neuroscience Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

The Food and Drug Administration(FDA) has approved two mechanismbased treatments for tuberous sclero-sis complex(TSC)-everolimus and vigabatrin. However, these treatments have not been systematically studied in individuals with TSC and severe autism. The aim of this review is to identify the clinical features of severe autism in TSC, applicable preclinical models, and potential barriers that may warrant strategic planning in the design phase of clinical trial development. A comprehensive search strategy was formed and searched across Pub Med, Embase and SCOPUS from their inception to 2/21/12, 3/16/12, and 3/12/12 respectively. After the final search date, relevant, updated articles were selected from Pub Med abstracts generated electronically and emailed daily from Pub Med. The references of selected articles were searched, and relevant articles were selected. A search of clinicaltrials.gov was completed using the search term "TSC" and "tuberous sclerosis complex". Autism has been reported in as many as 60% of individuals with TSC; however, review of the literature revealed few data to support clear classification of the severity of autism in TSC. Variability was identified in the diagnostic approach, assessment of cognition, and functional outcome among the reviewed studies and case reports. Objective outcome measures were not used in many early studies; however, diffusion tensor imaging of white matter, neurophysiologic variability in infantile spasms, and cortical tuber subcategories were examined in recent studies and may be useful for objective classification of TSC in future studies. Mechanism-based treatments for TSC are currently available. However, this literature review revealed two potential barriers to successful design and implementation of clinical trials in individuals with severe autism-an unclear definition of the population and lack of validated outcome measures. Recent studies of objective outcome measures in TSC and further study of applicable preclinical models present an opportunity to overc

关键词： Autism Self-injury aggression Tuberous sclerosis complex Intellectual disability

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Reduction of serotonergic gene expression in the raphe nuclei of the midbrain under positive fighting experience in male mice

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2013年第10期4卷 36-44页

作者： Dmitry A. Smagin Ul’yana A. Boyarskikh Natalya P. Bondar Maxim L. Filipenko Natalia N. Kudryavtseva Institute of Chemical Biology and Basic Medicine Siberian Department of Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk Russia Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Department of Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk Russia

The concept of a major inhibitory role of serotonin in aggressive behavior is widely accepted by investigators. There was ample evidence that a pharmacologically-induced increase in the serotonin activity attenuates agonistic behavior in animals, and that the manipulations inhibiting the brain serotonergic system can elicit aggressiveness in male mice and rats. Repeated experience of aggression in daily agonistic interactions has been shown to reduce serotonin activity in brain of victorious male mice. The study aimed to analyze expression of the serotonergic genes -Tph2, Sert, Maoa and Htr1a, as well as the Bdnf and Creb genes in the midbrain raphe nuclei of male mice with positive fighting experience in daily encounters and male mice with the same track record of aggression followed by two-week no-fight period. It has been shown that mRNA levels of the serotonergic and Creb genes are reduced in the winners in comparison with male mice without consecutive positive fighting experience of aggression. After the fighting deprivation the Tph2, Sert, Bdnf and Creb genes recover their expression while mRNA levels of the Maoa and Htr1a genes proceed at a significantly higher level as compared with the respective controls. Downregulation of serotonergic genes is indicative of the inhibition of serotonergic activity under repeated experience of aggression. Nevertheless recovering of Tph2 and Sert gene expression and overexpression of the Maoa and Htr1a genes after no-fight period suggest that changes in brain serotonergic activity are not main cause of the behavioral pathology developing in male mice in this experimental context.

关键词： Tph2 Sert MaoA Bdnf Creb mRNA Repeated aggression Fighting Deprivation

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Correlates of Parental Choice of Child Discipline Methods in Ghana: A Multilevel Modeling Approach

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2020年第3期10卷 78-99页

作者： Stephen Kwaku Amoah Ezekiel Nii Noye Nortey Abukari Alhassan Ghana Statistical Service Accra Ghana Department of Statistics University of Ghana Legon Accra Ghana Department of Statistics University for Development Studies UE Novrango Campus Tamale Ghana

This study applied multilevel modeling to investigate the impact of observed predictors and different levels or groups that households belong, on parents’ choice of discipline methods using data from 8156 households derived from a nationwide survey by the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) in 2011. The aim of the study is to provide in-depth information on why parents choose particular discipline methods as corrective measures to reduce unwanted child behaviour in the present and to increase desirable ones in the future. The results of the study show that, religion and age-group of household heads have significant effect on household’s likelihood to choose physical discipline methods whereas the wealth index of a household and ethnicity of the household head, have significant effect on households’ likelihood to choose non-physical and psychological aggression methods. The results further show significant contextual effect on the differences in choices of parents at the household and regional levels. The choice of physical discipline methods by parents was consistent across households and regional levels unlike non-physical and psychological aggression methods whose application varied across the regions. Households in the Northern, Eastern and Volta regions mostly chose to apply physical discipline methods whereas in the Upper West, Western and Northern regions the most chosen discipline methods were non-physical discipline methods. Psychological aggression discipline methods were predominantly applied in the Upper East, Central and Northern regions of the country.

关键词： Child Discipline Physical Discipline Non-Physical Discipline Psycho-logical aggression Discipline Multilevel Multinomial Logit Model Hier-archical Structured Data Nested Data

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Violence at work and its relationship with burnout, depression and anxiety in healthcare professionals of the emergency services

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Health 2013年第2期5卷 193-199页

作者： Gloria M. Roldán Isabel C. Salazar Laura Garrido Juan M. Ramos “La Caleta” Healthcare Center Granada Spain “Virgen de las Nieves” University Hospital Granada Spain University of Granada Granada Spain

The aim of this study was to examine the possible relationship between physical and psychological aggression suffered in the workplace and professional burnout, depression and anxiety suffered by healthcare professionals of the emergency services. Methods: 315 physicians, nurses, orderlies and ambulance drivers of Critical Care and Emergency Devices (CCED) in the Andalusian Public Health System, in the province of Granada (Spain) participated. They were interviewed about the exposure to violence at work and answered a battery of questions that measured burnout, depression and anxiety. Results: Physical aggression was significantly related to emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment at work, depression and anxiety. Psychological aggression was associated with personal accomplishment. Logistic regression showed that the CCED professionals who have suffered physical aggression were 4.2 and 2.6 times more likely to have suffered anxiety and reduced personal accomplishment, respectively, than those who did not suffer physical aggression. On the other hand, feelings of anxiety and reduced personal accomplishment increase the professionals’ risk (3.4 and 2.1 times more likely, respectively) of suffering from physical aggression. Conclusion: The results suggest that exposure to violence is related to the other psychological problems tested: emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment (two components of burnout), depression and anxiety. In addition, physical violence is a risk factor for anxiety and diminished personal accomplishment of the CCED professionals.

关键词： Workplace Violence aggression Burnout Depression Anxiety Health Professionals Emergency Services

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Remain Aggressive Behavior in Children with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy after Surgery

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2015年第3期5卷 81-87页

作者： Sayuri Sukigara Eiji Nakagawa Masanori Ishikawa Kenji Sugai Masayuki Sasaki Takanobu Kaido Akio Takahashi Taisuke Otsuki Department of Child Neurology National Center Hospital National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP) Tokyo Japan Department of Psychiatry NCNP Tokyo Japan Department of Neurosurgery NCNP Tokyo Japan

Behavioral problems have a high rate in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy but there have been few detailed reports about pediatric patients. We report two children with temporal lobe epilepsy who manifest behavior abnormality remaining after surgery. One child developed complex partial seizures at 10 years and 3 months of age caused by a left temporal ganglioglioma and manifested behavioral problems of lability, aggression, impulsivity and disinhibition. Seizures were relieved after temporal lobe resection at 10 years and 8 months of age but behavioral symptoms had been remained. The second child developed epilepsy at 3 years of age. He manifested similar behavioral problems at 7 years old. Seizures were relieved after temporal lobe resection at 13 years old but behavioral symptoms had been remained. Their courses suggested that aggressive behavior might be associated with not only temporal lesion but also other lesions such as frontal lobe or neural circuitry between both lobes. It is important to inform families of patients that behavioral disorders may not improve after epileptic surgery.

关键词： Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Behavioral Disorder aggression Epileptic Surgery

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Relationship between Level of Knowledge on Anger Control and Occurrence of Real Assaultive Behaviour in Patients (20 - 45 Years) Admitted at a National Referral Psychiatric Hospital in Zimbabwe

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Open Journal of Nursing 2017年第7期7卷 804-813页

作者： Virgininia Dube-Mawerewere Grace Nkhoma College of Health Sciences University of Zimbabwe Harare Zimbabwe

Background: Aggressive tendencies from psychiatric inpatients are increasingly becoming problematic at a national referral psychiatric hospital in Zimbabwe. No research has been done in this context to determine the dynamics around this disturbing phenomenon. Objectives: To determine the level of knowledge on anger control, to determine the occurrence of real assaultive behaviour and to examine the relationship between level of knowledge on anger control and occurrence of real assaultive behaviour in patients aged 20 - 45 years admitted at a national referral psychiatric hospital in Zimbabwe. Method: A descriptive correlational design was used. Seventy-six respondents aged between 20 and 45 years were selected using simple random sampling. A structured interview was used to collect data. The occurrence of real assaultive behaviour was adapted from the Staff Observation and aggression Scale completed by observing patients during the assaultive behaviour occurrence. Patient observation was done by the psychiatric trained nurses who were specifically trained for this study to fill the part of the data collection instrument that needed observation. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation Coefficient test and simple regression analysis. Results: Results showed a Pearson coefficient test of (r = -3.47, p Conclusions: Results call for collaboration of mental health practitioners to empower patients with anger control skills.

关键词： Assaultive Behaviour Anger Control National Referral Psychiatric Hospital Risk Psychiatric Nurses Staff Observation and aggression Scale-Revised

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Dopamine D<sub>1</sub>- and D<sub>2</sub>-Receptors in Immunostimulation under Activation of Mu-Opioid Receptors in Mice with Different Psychoemotional States

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2014年第1期5卷 43-48页

作者： Margarita Cheido Galina Idova Elizaveta Alperina Laboratory of the Mechanisms of Neurochemical Modulation State Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Novosibirsk Russia.

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effect of activation of mu-opioid receptors (mu-OR) on the immune response under blockade of postsynaptic D1-and D2-receptors in mice of the C57BL/6J strain displaying either aggressive or depressive-like behaviors in the social conflict model. It is shown that activation of activation of mu-OR with a highly selective agonist DAGO (100 μg/kg) increased significantly IgM-immune response not only in C57BL/6J mice with an unchanged psychoemotional state but also in mice displaying aggressive or depressive-like behaviors in the social stress model (10 days of agonistic confrontations). Selective blockade of DA receptors of the D1-type with SCH-23390 (1.0 mg/kg with DAGO administration) caused a more pronounced elevation of IgM-immune response than DAGO alone while DAGO effect was completely blocked by prior administration of D2-receptor antagonist haloperidol (1.0 mg/kg). At the same time, both SCH-23390 and haloperidol prevented the immune response increase induced by DAGO injection in mice engaged in aggressive or depressive-like behaviors. Thus, in animals not subjected to social stress DAGO-induced immunostimulation is provided only by D2-receptors, whereas in animals with altered psychoemotional state mu-opioid immunostimulation is mediated by both types of DA receptors—D1 and D2. These data provide evidence for different impacts of the main subtypes of DA receptors in the mediation of immunomodulating effects of mu-opioid system under normal and stressful conditions.

关键词： Mu-Opioid and Dopamine Receptors Social Stress aggression Depressive-Like Behavior Immunomodulation

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