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Financial Innovation 2019年第1期5卷 142-166页

作者： D.O.Olayungbo Ahmod Quadri Department of Economics Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-IfeNigeria

The study investigated the relationship among remittances,financial development and economic growth in a panel of 20 sub-Saharan african countries over the period of 2000 and *** study used both Pooled Mean Group and Mean Group/ARDL estimations with panel unit root and cointegration *** establishing cointegration,remittances and financial development were found to have positive effects on economic growth both in the short and the long *** interactive term showed that financial development acted as a substitute in the remittances-growth ***,unidirectional causal relationships were found to exist from GDP to remittances and from financial development to ***,no causality existed between remittances and financial development in the SSA countries.

关键词： Remittances Financial development Growth PMG/MG-ARDL Granger causality test african countries

Information Sources Consulted by Women in african countries to Manage Menopausal Symptoms:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Open Journal of Nursing 2018年第5期8卷 317-338页

作者： Kathe Hofnie-Hoebes Alison Weightman Menete Shatona Mark Kelson University of Namibia WindhoekNamibia Cardiff University CardiffUK Exeter University ExeterUK

Background: Despite an abundance of information regarding menopausal women in western society, african menopausal women have been overlooked in menopausal research, particularly, where they find information regarding menopause. Since inadequate health-related knowledge on menopause negatively affects the understanding of and coping with menopause and related symptoms, it is important to determine where women in Africa obtain their information about menopause. Aim: To conduct a systematic review to identify and analyse information sources consulted by menopausal women in the african region regarding the management of menopausal symptoms. Method: PubMed, Embase (OVID), Google Scholar, Medline (OVID), Medline in Process (OVID), Scopus, https://***/, african Index Medicus;http://***. int/,and african Journals Online (AJOL) were searched for publications from January 2000 to April 2017. Fourteen studies met the eligibility criteria. Twelve were quantitative while two were qualitative. Studies were independently appraised by two researchers using checklists from the Centre for Evidence-Based Management. Results: Meta-analysis explored the prevalence of different information sources reported with friends being the highest (44%, 95% CI: [0.35, 0.54]) followed by relatives (35%, 95% CI: [0.22, 0.50]) with medical providers being sources of information for only 30% of participants (95% CI: [0.15, 0.50]). Conclusion: Information regarding menopause among african women emanated primarily from friends and relatives, suggesting that women perceive menopause as a natural process whereby information is the best gleaned from informal sources. However, health care should aim to increase public awareness of menopause education and strengthen efforts to provide accurate, timely and helpful information for women and their friends and families.

关键词： african countries Identify and Analyse Information Sources Menopausal Symptoms Systematic Review

Challenges Affecting african countries in the Fight against the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Interventional Strategies in Low- and Middle-Income countries

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2022年第3期12卷 496-517页

作者： Steward Mudenda Kennedy Mwila Christabel Nang’andu Hikaambo Victor Daka Godfrey Mayoka Maisa Kasanga Michelo Banda Moses Mukosha Ruth Lindizyani Mfune Martin Kampamba Lungwani Tyson Muungo Ronald Kampamba Mutati Webrod Mufwambi Misheck Chileshe Department of Pharmacy School of Health Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Graduate School of Education Peking University Beijing China Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine Copperbelt University Ndola Zambia Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy School of Pharmacy Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya College of Public Health Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China Department of Pathology and Microbiology University Teaching Hospitals Lusaka Zambia Mary Begg Health Services Ndola Zambia

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused many global challenges, especially in resource-constrained countries. Africa, a continent with a large number of low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), shares this burden disproportionately compared to developed countries. Here we review some of the major challenges african countries face in the fight against COVID-19 and propose some mitigation measures. Studies have reported low adherence to COVID-19 prevention measures in most african countries. Additionally, there has been a shortage of healthcare workers, inadequate surveillance and diagnostic tools, unavailability of drugs in healthcare facilities, increased wrong beliefs, myths, misinformation and misconceptions about COVID-19 and vaccinations, and an already existing burden of infectious and non-infectious diseases across the african continent. Despite being very challenging to implement across african countries, telehealth is a critical solution to offer healthcare services during disease outbreaks. Many african countries have faced challenges in the fight against COVID-19. The training of healthcare workers (HCWs) must be strengthened to help address the shortage. In addition, african countries should strive to invest in research and capacity-building to be self-reliant regarding diagnostic tests. Thus, there is an urgent need to address the challenges faced by african countries in this fight, which may even include increased collaborations with other countries.

关键词： Africa african countries Challenges COVID-19 COVID-19 Vaccines Pandemic Telehealth Vaccination

China's Foreign Policy in Africa:Progress,Impacts and Challenges

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China's Foreign Policy in Africa:Progress,Impacts and Challe...

作者： Ngwoke Charles Chukwudi（查理斯）山东大学

学位级别：硕士

中国的对非外交政策追及历史,尽管在方法与途径上有所改变,但是从未触及根本原则。目前的外交政策格局与当时政策制定的历史大背景是一致的,也就是说中国对非外交仍然遵循(和平共处)基本原则。(和平共处五项基本原则蕴含着中国外交政策... 详细信息

中国的对非外交政策追及历史,尽管在方法与途径上有所改变,但是从未触及根本原则。目前的外交政策格局与当时政策制定的历史大背景是一致的,也就是说中国对非外交仍然遵循(和平共处)基本原则。(和平共处五项基本原则蕴含着中国外交政策与外交关系的基本原则。)然而,由于国内政治与国际环境的改变,中国对非政策的方法和具体实施因此起起伏伏：根据由不断变化的可变因素带来的具体时间表而改变形式。20世纪50年代至70年代,中国的非洲政策主要围绕极力维护中国以及非洲国家的主权和独立而展开。冷战之风径直吹向边缘国家,导致反对帝国主义的“不结盟运动”的产生。作为一个事实上的发展中国家的“领头羊”,中国脱颖而出,捍卫自身的思想建设。20世纪80年代和90年代,中国外交政策的主要着眼点是防止非洲和南美洲国家承认台湾。(阎学通,“中国的国家利益分析”,第二卷,P114.天津人民出版社,1997年8月出版)台湾当时通过公共外交和对其经济优势的使用,试图限制中国在非洲和其他大陆不断增长的参与。这种竞争被一些非洲国家所利用。尼日尔共和国在1992年同时与中国大陆和台湾发展关系,直到后来选择与台湾建立,最后于1996年又转向中国。塞内加尔于1996年第三次转向台湾。1998年,伴随中国的信心和能力的增加,南非与台湾断绝关系。利比里亚和塞内加尔分别在2004年和于2005年如此效仿。2006年8月,乍得与中国的外交关系恢复正常化;马拉维紧随其后,在2007年也恢复了与中国的外交关系。截至2012年,除了四个非洲国家布基纳法索,圣多美和普林西比,斯威士兰,冈比亚之外,已有50个非洲国家承认一个中国的原则,中国成功地实现了重新团结非洲的政治目标。从20世纪90年代和2001年,中国转变成一个正在进行现代化的国家。从20世纪90年代不断增长的能源需求大大超出国内生产能力。实用主义开始在外交政策上占据主导地位,中国鼓励走出去寻求能源安全、材料和新的市场的全球战略。尽管中国有更为长期的与政治外交相关的战略,但是不能否认的是中国自2001年以来的对非外交本质上由经济外交因素驱使。(这包括中非在共同反对霸权主义强权政治和不平等国际规则时的互相支持,联合国人权会议上由发达国家提交的反对中国“人权记录”的11项提议。关于经济外交,论文引用了来自中国、非洲和其他国家的学者和高层政治官员的观点和说明。比如Li Anshan, He Wepeng, Adams Bodomo, Osita Ezeh, Liu Guijin)贺文萍指出,“中国的非洲政策超越了单纯追求资源的需求。相反,了解中国的非洲政策,关键是采取更为深远的看法,将中国的总体外交战略追求和中国的全球地位以及其为经济持续发展和在重要的全球问题上需要获取政治支持而做出的努力结合在一起。”[贺文萍,“中国非洲政策的平衡行为：超越资源,载于《中国安全》第3卷第3期,2007夏季刊,p.24。2007世界安全研究所]新出现的现象显示中国对非洲外交政策上的“三管齐下”：i.是中国经济发展主导的外交政策的广泛光谱的一部分;ii.中国线性发展模型的巩固和投影：是中国的历史延续性、现代的吸引力、软权力以及作为不同于西方对外关系和发展模式的替代方式的一部分。[请参考“中国模式：福山与张玮玮之间的对话,新视角季刊,民主制度研究中心,2011秋季,28(4)第40-67页]。iii.在南南合作方面建立一个更广泛的伙伴网络,以在许多地区和全球问题上支持中国,从而保持与发达北方国家的平衡(而非对抗)。国家利益、国际和地区环境、其他角色的行为,在互相依赖中的竞争等因素都在影响着外交政策。相互依存的其他国家根据自身的能力与国际形势,通过这个互相作用互相循环的过程获取利益与好处。[乔纳森·特纳,人权机构：社会进化理论,(Rowman and Littlefield,2004) p.259]针对这些因素,加上外交政策实施过程中的协调和控制问题,理性主义与实用主义倾向于某些机构的出现如中非合作论坛(FOCAC)来管理这些复杂的力量。在最一般的水平,这种关系围绕物质资本与经济发展展开。在互相依存的竞争中,地缘政治政策通过外交政策来实现-所有的政策制定都为如何获得其他社会的资源和市场服务,反过来这能够决定资源和市场获得、制度构建、生产力和分配过程的水平和形象。最终的目标,是经济和政治关系的诸多交易过程中的资本交换。在双边关系的水平上(国家-国家),中国关注经济外交和发展问题,然而在多变关系上(非洲联盟、中非合作论坛),对话集中于非常广泛的问题上,重点在于建立政治基础、支撑和框架以加强经济合作协议,巩固“友好伙伴关系”作为缓冲西方国家在某些全球问题和其他地区事务上施加的压力和非对称条件。如非洲联盟被设想为在地区和全球事

关键词： China african countries Foreign Policy Mutual Respect Win-Win Economic Diplomacy Resources-for-Infrastructure South-South Cooperation

Lessons learned from the past serving as a guide for the future---On a state harmonious development from Naipaurs novel A bend in the river

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Sino-US English Teaching 2009年第4期6卷 62-64,67页

作者：马小强陈容兰州理工大学外国语学院甘肃兰州730050

Naipaul＇s novel A bend in the river illustrates the social confusion and people＇s destitution and wasting time in african countries after their national independence. An important reason is the president＇s self-publicity, tyrannical hess and destructiveness. Whereas the author＇s subjective suspicion is visible in democratic development of african countries. Indeed, in a country development, it is quite necessary to depend on its citizen, observing public feelings; controlling a state with science; benefiting citizen; utilizing resources; constructing homestead, intending creation with a harmonious and stable way.

关键词： african countries social confusion people's destitution harmonious stableness scientific development

Issues in Financial Markets’Development in Sub-Saharan Africa:Lessons From Developed Economies

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Management Studies 2021年第2期9卷 124-136页

作者： Elias Igwebuike Agbo Sergius Nwannebuike Udeh Godfrey Okoye University Ugwuomu-NikeEnuguNigeria

For some time now,development of financial markets in developing countries of the world has been saddled with a lot of ***,observations from many studies showed contradictory views which have made debates on the subject matter *** view of this,the general objective of this study is to examine financial and stock market developmental issues in developing african *** specifically intends to highlight strategies to strengthen financial and stock markets in african countries,among *** study adopted table content analysis and descriptive statistics in its *** study discovered that in spite of all the gains derivable from financial market development,the intensity of financial sector reforms implemented in some developing countries has not brought about a reasonable increase in the size and depth of their financial systems,among *** implication of this is that capital market development in these developing countries would continue to suffer setbacks with their attendant consequences on economic *** study concluded that the presence of strong and virile financial and stock markets cannot be overlooked in any *** therefore recommended,amidst others,the promotion of institutional investors as well as development of appropriate business and investor friendly policies.

关键词： finance stock market developmental issues african countries