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High resolution aerosol optical thickness retrieval over the Pearl River Delta region with improved aerosol modelling

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Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第10期52卷 1641-1649页

作者： WONG ManSing NICHOL Janet LEE Kwon Ho Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center University of Maryland (UMD)

aerosol retrieval algorithms for the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) have been developed to estimate aerosol and microphysical properties of the atmosphere, which help to address aerosol climatic issues at global scale. However, higher spatial resolution aerosol products for urban areas have not been well researched mainly due to the difficulty of differentiating aerosols from bright surfaces in urban areas. Here, a new aerosol retrieval algorithm using the MODIS 500 m resolution images is described, to retrieve aerosol properties over Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta region. The rationale of our technique is to first estimate the aerosol reflectance by decomposing the top-of-atmosphere reflectance from surface reflectance and Rayleigh path reflectance. For the determination of surface reflectance, a modified Minimum Reflectance Technique (MRT) is used, and MRT images are computed for different seasons. A strong correlation is shown between the surface reflectance of MRT images and MODIS land surface reflectance products (MOD09), with a value of 0.9. For conversion of aerosol reflectance to aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT), comprehensive Look Up Tables (LUT) are constructed, in which aerosol properties and sun-viewing geometry in the radiative transfer calculations are taken into account. Four aerosol types, namely mixed urban, polluted urban, dust, and heavy pollution, were derived using cluster analysis on three years of AERONET measurements in Hong Kong. Their aerosol properties were input for LUT calculation. The resulting 500 m AOT images are highly correlated (r = 0.89) with AERONET sunphotometer observations in Hong Kong. This study demonstrates the applicability of aerosol retrieval at fine resolution scale in urban areas, which can assist the study of aerosol loading distribution and the impact of localized and transient pollution on urban air quality. In addition, the MODIS 500 m AOT images can be used to study cross-boundary aerosols and to locate pollutant sources in the Pearl

关键词： aerosol retrieval aerosol optical thickness AERONET MODIS satellite image

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Assessing the Influence of aerosol on Radiation and Its Roles in Planetary Boundary Layer Development

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2021年第2期35卷 384-392页

作者： Zhigang CHENG Yubing PAN Ju LI Xingcan JIA Xinyu ZHANG Pengkun MA Qianqian WANG Junxia DOU Jingjiang ZHANG Jiannong QUAN Institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100089

A comprehensive measurement of planetary boundary layer(PBL)meteorology was conducted at 140 and 280 m on a meteorological tower in Beijing,China,to quantify the effect of aerosols on radiation and its role in PBL development.The measured variables included four-component radiation,temperature,sensible heat flux(SH),and turbulent kinetic energy(TKE)at 140 and 280 m,as well as PBL height(PBLH).In this work,a method was developed to quantitatively estimate the effect of aerosols on radiation based on the PBLH and radiation at the two heights(140 and 280 m).The results confirmed that the weakened downward shortwave radiation(DSR)on hazy days could be attributed predominantly to increased aerosols,while for longwave radiation,aerosols only accounted for around onethird of the enhanced downward longwave radiation.The DSR decreased by 55.2 W m^(-2) on hazy days during noontime(1100–1400 local time).The weakened solar radiation decreased SH and TKE by enhancing atmospheric stability,and hence suppressed PBL development.Compared with clean days,the decreasing rates of DSR,SH,TKE,and PBLH were 11.4%,33.6%,73.8%,and 53.4%,respectively.These observations collectively suggest that aerosol radiative forcing on the PBL is exaggerated by a complex chain of interactions among thermodynamic,dynamic,and radiative processes.These findings shed new light on our understanding of the complex relationship between aerosol and the PBL.

关键词： planetary boundary layer(PBL) aerosol radiation sensible heat flux(SH) turbulence

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Sea-Salt aerosol Effects on the Simulated Microphysics and Precipitation in a Tropical Cyclone

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2019年第1期33卷 115-125页

作者： Baolin JIANG Wenshi LIN Fangzhou LI Junwen CHEN School of Atmospheric Sciences and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies Sun Yat-Sen University

We investigate the effects of sea-salt aerosol(SSA) activated as cloud condensation nuclei on the microphysical processes, precipitation, and thermodynamics of a tropical cyclone(TC). The Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry(WRF-Chem) was used together with a parameterization of SSA production. Three simulations, with different levels of SSA emission(CTL, LOW, HIGH), were conducted. The simulation results show that SSA contributes to the processes of autoconversion of cloud water and accretion of cloud water by rain,thereby promoting rain formation. The latent heat release increases with SSA emission, slightly increasing horizontal wind speeds of the TC. The presence of SSA also regulates the thermodynamic structure and precipitation of the TC.In the HIGH simulation, higher latent heat release gives rise to stronger updrafts in the TC eyewall area, leading to enhanced precipitation. In the LOW simulation, due to decreased latent heat release, the temperature in the TC eye is lower, enhancing the downdrafts in the region; and because of conservation of mass, updrafts in the eyewall also strengthen slightly; as a result, precipitation in the LOW experiment is a little higher than that in the CTL experiment.Overall, the relationship between the precipitation rate and SSA emission is nonlinear.

关键词： sea-salt aerosol microphysics tropical cyclone WRF-Chem cloud condensation nuclei

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Real-time detection of individual secondary organic aerosol particle from photooxidation of toluene using aerosol time of flight mass spectrometer

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Science China Chemistry 2006年第3期49卷 267-272页

作者： WANG Zhenya HAO Liqing ZHOU Liuzhu GUO Xiaoyong ZHAO Wenwu FANG Li ZHANG Weijun Laboratory of Environmental Spectroscopy Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China Laboratory of Environmental Spectroscopy Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China Laboratory of Environmental Spectroscopy Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China Laboratory of Environmental Spectroscopy Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China Laboratory of Environmental Spectroscopy Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China Laboratory of Environmental Spectroscopy Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China Laboratory of Environmental Spectroscopy Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China

Photooxidation of the aromatic hydrocarbon toluene and its subsequent reactions were carried out using UV-irradiation of toluene/CH3ONO/NO/air mixtures in a home-made smog chamber. The secondary organic aerosols could be formed after those oxidation products of semi-volatile or- ganic compounds were partitioned between gas phase and particle phase. The aerosol time of flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) was used to measure size and molecular composition of individual secondary organic aerosol particle. Size distribution and chemical composition of secondary organic aerosol were got in real time.

关键词： toluene, photooxidation, secondary organic aerosol, aerosol time of flight mass spectrometer.

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Chemical Composition of aerosol and Fresh Snow and Tourism Influences at Baishui Glacier No.1 from Mt. Yulong,Southeastern Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Earth Science 2010年第2期21卷 199-209页

作者：张宁宁何元庆 Wilfred H Theakstone 庞洪喜 State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Yulong Snow Mountain Glacial and Environmental Observation StationCold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Environment and Climate Change Research in Western China Lanzhou University School of Environment and Development University of Manchester Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development of Ministry of Education School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences of Nanjing University State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences

aerosol and snow samples were collected at ablation zone of Baishui （白水） Glacier No. 1, Mt. Yulong （玉龙）, from May to June, 2006. The concentrations of Cl^-, NO3^-, SO4^2-, Na^＋, K^＋, Mg^2＋, and Ca^2＋ were determined by ion chromatograph both in aerosol and snow samples. The average total aerosol loading is 25.45 neq.scm^-1, NO3^- and Na^＋ are the dominant soluble ions in the aerosol, accounting for 39% and 21% of average total aerosol loading, respectively. Monsoon circulation reduces the concentration of most ions, indicating that wet scavenging is effective for aerosol particles. In snow samples, SO4^2- and Ca^2＋ are the dominant anion and cation, respectively. A lower Na^＋/Cl^- ratio was found in fresh snow samples compared to the higher ratio that was found in aerosol samples. Analyzing the difference in SO4^2- and NO3^- in air and fresh snow indicated that the aerosol was influenced by local circulation, but the components in fresh snow samples were from long-distance transport. Enrichment of NO3^- in aerosol samples is attributed to motor exhaust emissions from tourism by calculating the SO4^2-/NO3^- ratio in aerosol and fresh snow samples. The temporal variation and correlation coefficients between soluble species in aerosol samples suggest that Cl^-, Na^＋ and K^＋ come from sea-salt aerosol, and SO4^2-, Mg^2＋ and Ca^2＋ are from continental crust sources.

关键词： aerosol fresh snow glacier Mt. Yulong tourism.

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Size Distributions of aerosol Sulfates and Nitrates in Beijing during the 2008 Olympic Games： Impacts of Pollution Control Measures and Regional Transport

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2013年第2期30卷 341-353页

作者： WANG Xinfeng WANG Tao Ravi Kant PATHAK Mattias HALLQUIST GAO Xiaomeit NIE Wei XUE Likun GAO Jian GAO Rui ZHANG Qingzhu WANG Wenxing WANG Shulan CHAI Fahe CHEN Yizhen Environment Research Institute Shandong University Jinan 250100 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science Beijing 100012 Department of Chemistry University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden

For the 2008 Olympic Games, drastic control measures were implemented on industrial and urban emissions of sulfur dioxide （SO2）, nitrogen oxides （NOx） and other pollutants to address the issues of poor air quality in Beijing. To investigate the effects of SO2 and NOx reductions on the particulate sulfate and nitrate concentrations as well as their size distributions, size-segregated aerosol samples were collected using micro-orifice uniform deposit impactors （MOUDIs） at urban and downwind rural sites in Beijing before and after full-scale controls. During the sampling period, the mass concentrations of fine particles （PMI.s） at the urban and rural sites were 94.0 and 85.9 p.g m-3, respectively. More than 90% of the sulfates and 60% of nitrates formed as fine particles. Benefiting from the advantageous meteorological conditions and the source controls, sulfates were observed in rather low concentrations and primarily in condensation mode during the Olympics. The effects of the control measures were separately analyzed for the northerly and the southerly air-mass-dominated days to account for any bias. After the control measures were implemented, PM, sulfates, and nitrates were significantly reduced when the northerly air masses prevailed, with a higher percentage of reduction in larger particles. The droplet mode particles, which dominated the sulfates and nitrates before the controls were implemented, were remarkably reduced in mass concentration after the control measures were implemented. Nevertheless, when the polluted southerly air masses prevailed, the local source control measures in Beijing did not effectively reduce the ambient sulfate concentration due to the enormous regional contribution from the North China Plain.

关键词： size distribution aerosol sulfate nitrate control effect Olympic Games

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Pyrolysis of Rice Husk in a Fluidized Bed Reactor:Evaluate the Characteristics of Fractional Bio-Oil and Particulate Emission of Carbonaceous aerosol(CA)

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2020年第3期8卷 329-346页

作者： Ning Li Weiming Yi Zhihe Li Lihong Wang Yongjun Li Xueyuan Bai Mei Jiang School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science Shandong University of TechnologyZibo255000China Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy Zibo255000China

Bio-oil production via pyrolysis is one of promising technologies for renewable energy production from bio-wastes.However,the complicated biooil is still a challenge for high-valued application and during biomass pyrolysis,the emission of non-cleaned aerosol,the potential emission,namely carbonaceous aerosol(CA)increased the difficulty of the commercial promotion.In this study,Rice husk pyrolysis was performed in a semi-continuous fluidized bed reactor coupled with fractional condensers.The effects of pyrolysis and condensation temperature on the properties of bio-oil and emission of CAwere investigated systemically.Results indicated that the in-situ separation of vapors was accomplished via condensers of different temperatures(85℃and−10℃).The bio-oil with different physiochemical properties were obtained in the high content of phenols and lower acids of BO1 and high content of acids and better liquidity.The size distribution of CA was found primarily classified as sub-micrometer grade particles,which have a diameter of less than 1.1μm.In particular,CA existed in three representative forms:bead,granular aggregate,and liquidoid.The results of light absorption of total organic carbon(TOC)and non-volatile organic carbon(NVOC)indicated that the absorption per mass increased in the single temperature with the decrement of wavelength and it improved as the pyrolysis temperature increased at the specified wavelength.The absorption per mass was to maximum value(3.7 m^(2)/g)at 360 nm wavelength and 600℃.TOC demonstrated a strong light absorption and a wide spectral range dependence(AAE:5.08-10.05)which enhanced the light absorption in the ultra-violet and low-visible regions.

关键词： Rice husk pyrolysis bio-oil aerosol size distribution light absorption

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Model analysis of aerosol optical depth distributions over East Asia

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第7期53卷 1079-1090页

作者： HAN Xiao ZHANG MeiGen HAN ZhiWei XIN JinYuan WANG LiLi QIU JinHuan LIU YanJu State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Open Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Environmental Pollution Analysis and Control Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical AnalysisBeijing 100089China

Based on simulated major aerosol concentrations (e.g., sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, organic carbon, black carbon, and sea salt) over East Asia during the year 2005 by using the Multi-scale Air Quality modeling system (RAMS-CMAQ), the aerosol optical depth (AOD) was calculated by the reconstruction mass-extinction method and then analyzed to explore its characteristics in temporal-spatial distributions. For evaluating the model performances, simulated AOD values were compared against observations at stations of the aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) and the Chinese Sun Hazemeter Network (CSHNET). The comparison shows that the model can well reproduce observed temporal and spatial features of AOD, especially in natural en- vironment. However, the simulated AOD values are underestimated over urban and suburban regions with dense human activities. Analysis of simulation results indicates that AOD varies significantly in time and space, and generally, AOD values are lower in summer and higher in winter. Excluding the contribution from soil dust aerosols, high AOD values (over 0.8) are found over the Sichuan Basin, South China, and Central China in several months, while low values (less than 0.2) are over northern and western areas of East Asia and southern sea regions. Analysis also shows that aerosols such as sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium are main contributors to AOD in East Asia, and their contributions are over 80% in most high AOD areas, while black carbon aerosols play an important role in northern China where dense human activities exist, especially in the winter time.

关键词： CMAQ black carbon aerosol sulfate AERONET AOD

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Simulating aerosol Size Distribution and Mass Concentration with Simultaneous Nucleation,Condensation/Coagulation, and Deposition with the GRAPES–CUACE

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2018年第2期32卷 265-278页

作者： Chunhong ZHOU Xiaojing SHEN Zirui LIU Yangmei ZHANG Jinyuan XIN State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather/Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change Nanjing 210093

A coupled aerosol–cloud model is essential for investigating the formation of haze and fog and the interaction of aerosols with clouds and precipitation. One of the key tasks of such a model is to produce correct mass and number size distributions of aerosols. In this paper, a parameterization scheme for aerosol size distribution in initial emission,which took into account the measured mass and number size distributions of aerosols, was developed in the GRAPES–CUACE [Global/Regional Assimilation and Pr Ediction System–China Meteorological Administration（CMA） Unified Atmospheric Chemistry Environment model]—an online chemical weather forecast system that contains microphysical processes and emission, transport, and chemical conversion of sectional multi-component aerosols. In addition, the competitive mechanism between nucleation and condensation for secondary aerosol formation was improved, and the dry deposition was also modified to be in consistent with the real depositing length. Based on the above improvements, the GRAPES–CUACE simulations were verified against observational data during 1–31 January 2013, when a series of heavy regional haze–fog events occurred in eastern China. The results show that the aerosol number size distribution from the improved experiment was much closer to the observation, whereas in the old experiment the number concentration was higher in the nucleation mode and lower in the accumulation mode. Meanwhile, the errors in aerosol number size distribution as diagnosed by its sectional mass size distribution were also reduced. Moreover, simulations of organic carbon, sulfate, and other aerosol components were improved and the overestimation as well as underestimation of PM2.5 concentration in eastern China was significantly reduced,leading to increased correlation coefficient between simulated and observed PM2.5 by more than 70%. In the remote areas where bad simulation results were produced previously, the correlation coefficient grew from 0.35 to 0.61, and the mean mass concentration

关键词： GRAPES-CUACE number size distribution sectional multi-components aerosol

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Identification of secondary organic aerosols based on aerosol mass spectrometry

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中国科学：化学英文版 2010年第12期53卷 2593-2599页

作者： HUANG XiaoFeng 1,ZHAO QianBiao 1,2,HE LingYan 1,HU Min 2,BIAN QiJing 3,XUE Lian 1 & ZHANG YuanHang 2 1 Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology School of Environment and Energy,Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School,Shenzhen 518055,China 2 State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China 3 Division of Environment,Hong Kong University of Science & Technology,Hong Kong,China Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology School of Environment and Energy Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing China Division of Environment Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Hong Kong China

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is one of the major components of aerosols in the atmosphere and has not been well understood so far.Due to the complex chemical composition of organic aerosols,the identification of SOA has been a hotspot and difficult issue in the field of aerosol study.This study attempts to quantitatively identify SOA in winter of Shenzhen based on positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis.Major sources were resolved and SOA was identified subsequently according to the characteristic ion fragments measured by highly time-resolved aerosol mass spectrometer measurement.It showed that in the winter of Shenzhen the average SOA concentration was 9.41±6.33 g/m 3,accounting for 39.9±21.8% of the total organic mass.Compared with primary organic aerosol (POA),the SOA concentrations had no large variation,suggestive of characteristics of regional secondary pollutants.The ratio of SOA/BC had pronounced diurnal variation,similar to that of O x (O3+NO2),indicating SOA formation was significantly controlled by activity of photochemistry in the atmosphere.The most effective period for SOA formation was from 9 am～3 pm since the SOA/BC ratio increased by 122% during this period.This study provides a new technical method and a new idea for SOA investigation.

关键词： secondary organic aerosol aerosol mass spectrometry positive matrix factorization (PMF)

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