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Variations and drivers of Aerosol vertical characterization after clean air policy in China based on 7-years consecutive observations

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 499-512页

作者： Xi Chen Ting Yang Haibo Wang Futing Wang Zifa Wang State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry(LAPC) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Understanding the Aerosol vertical characterization is of great importance to both climate and atmospheric environment. This study investigated the variations of Aerosol profiles over eight regions of interest in China after clean air policy(2013-2019) and discussed the drivers of the vertical Aerosol structure, using observations from active satellite measurements(CALIPSO). From the annual variation, the amplitude of extinction coefficient profiles showed a decreasing trend with fluctuations, and the maximum was 0.21 km-1in BeijingTianjin-Hebei(JJJ). For regions suffered from air pollution, the variation was greatest below 0.45 km, while it was between 1-1.5 km for Sichuan Basin. The correlation coefficient between the relative humidity(RH) and the extinction coefficient indicated that the increase of RH inhibited the decrease of the extinction coefficient in the Yangtze River Delta. In most regions, the main Aerosol subtypes were polluted dust and polluted continental, but they were coarser in JJJ and North West. The frequency of concurrency of dust and polluted dust Aerosols decreased in JJJ, but polluted continental Aerosols occurred more frequently. Further, the Aerosol extinction coefficient profiles under different pollution conditions showed that it changed most during heavy pollution periods in JJJ, especially in 2017, with a significant Aerosol loading between700 and 1200 m. The atmospheric reanalysis data revealed that the weak convergence at low level and the divergence at high level supported the upward transport of Aerosols in 2017. Overall, the differences in divergence allocation, RH, and wind filed were the main meteorological drivers.

关键词： Aerosol Vertical characteristic China CALIPSO Pollution period

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Detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using a high performance-single particle Aerosol mass spectrometer

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第2期124卷 806-822页

作者： Yao Zhang Chenglei Pei Jinwen Zhang Chunlei Cheng Xiufeng Lian Mubai Chen Bo Huang Zhong Fu Zhen Zhou Mei Li Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air pollutionJinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality Guangzhou 510632China Guangzhou Environmental Monitoring Center Guangzhou 510030China Guangzhou Hexin Analytical Instrument Company Limited Guangzhou 510530China

The real-time detection of the mixing states of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and nitro-PAHs in ambient particles is of great significance for analyzing the source,aging process,and health effects of PAHs and nitro-PAHs;yet there is still few effective technology to achieve this type of detection.In this study,11 types of PAH and nitro-PAH standard sampleswere analyzed using a high performance-single particle Aerosolmass spectrometer(HP-SPAMS)in lab studies.The identification principles‘parent ions’and‘mass-to-charge(m/z)=77’of each compound were obtained in this study.It was found that different laser energies did not affect the identification of the parent ions.The comparative experiments of ambient atmospheric particles,cooking and biomass burning emitted particles with and without the addition of PAHs were conducted and ruled out the interferences from primary and secondary organics on the identification of PAHs.Besides,the reliability of the characteristic ions extraction method was evaluated through the comparative study of similarity algorithm and deep learning algorithm.In addition,the real PAH-containing particles from vehicle exhaust emissions and ambient particles were also analyzed.This study improves the ability of single particle mass spectrometry technology to detect PAHs and nitro-PAHs,and HP-SPAMS was superior to SPAMS for detecting single particles containing PAHs and nitro-PAHs.This study provides support for subsequent ambient observations to identify the characteristic spectrum of single particles containing PAHs and nitro-PAHs.

关键词： Single particle Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Identification principles Mass spectrometry Aerosol

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Aerosol-radiation interaction and its variation in North China within 2015–2019 period under continuous PM_(2.5)improvements

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 81-94页

作者： Zhe Lv Xiaoqi Wang Wei Wei Huahua Bai Xiaoyu Liu Guohao Li Shuiyuan Cheng Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control Beijing 100124China Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection Beijing 100037China Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application Beijing 100037China

A study was conducted on Aerosol-radiation interactions over six cities in this region within the 2015–2019 period.WRF-Chem simulations on 2017 showed that based on the six-city average,the Aerosol load(PM_(2.5)concentrations)of 121.9,49.6,43.3,and 66.3μg/m^(3)in January,April,July,and October,mainly lowered the level of downward shortwave radiation by 38.9,24.0,59.1,and 24.4 W/m~2and reduced the boundary layer height by 79.9,40.8,87.4,and 31.0 m,via scattering and absorbing solar radiation.The sensitivity of meteorological changes to identical Aerosol loads varied in the order July>January>October and April.Then,the cooling and stabilizing effects of Aerosols further led to increases in PM_(2.5),by23.0,3.4,4.6,and 7.3μg/m^(3)respectively in the four months.The sensitivity of the effect of Aerosols on PM_(2.5)was greatest in January rather than in July,contrary to the effect on meteorology.Moreover,a negative linear relation was observed between daily BLH reductions and Aerosol loads in fall and winter,and between PM_(2.5)increases and Aerosol loads in all seasons.With the PM_(2.5)pollution improvements in this region,the Aerosol radiative forcing was effectively reduced.This should result in daily BLH increases of 10–24 m in fall and winter,and the estimates in Beijing agreed well with the corresponding results based on AMDAR data.Additionally,the reduction in Aerosol radiation effects brought about daily PM_(2.5)decreases of 1.6-2.8μg/m^(3),accounting for 7.0%–17.7%in PM_(2.5)improvements.

关键词： Radiative forcing Aerosol PM_(2.5) Boundary layer height(BLH) North China

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A plant growth chamber system equipped with Aerosol generators for studying Aerosol-vegetation interactions

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Particuology 2024年第2期85卷 122-132页

作者： Masao Gen Seiji Ikawa Masahiro Yamaguchi Fong Zyin Lim Takeshi Izuta I.Wuled Lenggoro Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyKoganeiTokyo184-8588Japan Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials Tohoku UniversitySendai980-8577Japan Faculty of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchuTokyo183-8509Japan Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences Nagasaki UniversityNagasaki852-8521Japan Institute of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchuTokyo183-8509 Japan Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyKoganeiTokyo184-8588Japan Institute of Global Innovation Research Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchuTokyo183-8509Japan

Understanding Aerosol-vegetation interactions is vital in ecosystems.However,the interactions remain elusive partly due to the lack of suitable plant growth chamber systems.Particularly,deposition of submicron particles on leaf surfaces is challenging due to its low deposition velocities compared to larger particles.In this work,we present a plant-growth chamber that was used to study the effect of sub-micron black carbon(BC)particles on the growth and photosynthesis of plants.The chamber system simultaneously enables the growth of multiple plants in pots and the deposition of submicron particles onto them.Two spraying methods assisted by ultrasonic and electrostatic forces were employed as Aerosol generators to realize the particle deposition.The flow regime inside the chamber was numeri-cally calculated to predict the transportation of Aerosol particles,suggesting the optimal operating conditions of the chamber.The gas-phase particle size distribution measurements showed that gener-ated BC particles were suspended in submicron diameter ranges.The Aerosol generators were examined in the chamber using three conductor and insulator substrates as a model of plant leaves.Microscope observations and spectroscopic analysis ascertained that submicron BC particles generated from our generators were deposited on all substrate surfaces.Using the developed chamber system,systematic studies can be performed to advance the fundamental understanding of Aerosol-vegetation interactions.

关键词： Aerosol Exposure chamber Spray drying Black carbon

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Study on Aerosol agglomeration using the airborne ultrasonic transducer

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Particuology 2023年第11期82卷 157-165页

作者： Yuxin Guo Guangxue Zhang Yunchao Li Hailin Gu Dingkun Yuan Maosheng Liu The Institute for Energy Engineering China Jiliang UniversityHangzhou310000China

Acoustic agglomeration technology use high-intensity acoustic field to make Aerosol particles collide and condense rapidly. Existing studies have shown that 70%–90% of fine particles can be eliminated within minutes using compression drives and air-jet generators. Currently, there are limitations to the sound sources used. In this paper, an airborne ultrasonic transducer with a resonant frequency of 15 kHz is designed, followed by the corresponding numerical simulation and experiments for the evaluation of the vibration modal and sound pressure field. The sound pressure levels (SPL) of the open space and the agglomeration chamber can reach 150 dB and 156 dB, respectively. The agglomeration effect of water droplets, liquid phase smoke, solid phase smoke and mixed smoke is experimentally investigated, and the light transmittance rapidly increases from 8% to 60% within 4 s, 8 s, 5 s and 6 s, respectively. Agglomeration is also effective in the high-frequency range, and we infer that the acoustic wake effect is the predominant mechanism. The elimination effect is promoted with the increasing of SPL until the corresponding secondary acoustic effect is enhanced. Moreover, the agglomeration rate of higher concentration Aerosol is significantly better than that of diluted Aerosols in ultrasonic agglomeration process.

关键词： Acoustic agglomeration Airborne ultrasonic transducer Aerosol Sound pressure level Initial concentration

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气溶胶对降水影响的现象和机制

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Science Bulletin 2024年第10期69卷 1569-1580页

作者：赵传峰孙悦杨杰李杰峰周月杨以坤范昊赵辛 Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of Physicsand China Meteorological Administration Tornado Key LaboratoryPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of Carbon Neutrality Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Environment Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Aerosols greatly influence precipitation characteristics,thereby impacting the regional climate and human life.As an indispensable factor for cloud formation and a critical radiation budget regulator,Aerosols can affect precipitation intensity,frequency,geographical distribution,area,and time.However,discrepancies exist among current studies due to Aerosol properties,precipitation types,the vertical location of Aerosols and meteorological conditions.The development of technology has driven advances in current research,but understanding the Aerosol effects on precipitation remain complex and challenging.This paper revolves around the following topics from the two perspectives of Aerosol-Radiation Interaction(ARI)and Aerosol-Cloud Interaction(ACI):(1)the influence of different vertical locations of absorbing/scattering Aerosols on the atmospheric thermal structure;(2)the fundamental theories of ARI reducing surface wind speed,redistributing water vapour and energy,and then modulating precipitation intensity;(3)different Aerosol types(absorbing versus scattering)and Aerosol concentrations causing different precipitation diurnal and weekly variations;(4)microphysical processes(cloud water competition,invigoration effect,and evaporation cooling)and observational evidence of different effects of Aerosols on precipitation intensity,including enhancing,inhibiting,and transitional effects from enhancement to suppression;and(5)how meteorology,water vapor and dynamics influencing the effect of ACI and ARI on precipitation.In addition,this review lists the existing issues and future research directions for attaining a more comprehensive understanding of Aerosol effects on precipitation.Overall,this review advances our understanding of Aerosol effects on precipitation and could guide the improvement of weather and climate models to predict complex Aerosol-precipitation interactions more accurately.

关键词： Aerosol Precipitation Aerosol-Radiation Interaction(ARI) Aerosol-Cloud Interaction(ACI) Mechanism

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Climatology, trend of Aerosol-cloud parameters and their correlation over the Northern Indian Ocean

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第4期14卷 173-186页

作者： Harshbardhan Kumar Shani Tiwari Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research(AcSIR) Ghaziabad201002India Aerosol and Cloud Research Lab Geological Oceanography DivisionCSIR–National Institute of OceanographyGoa403004India

Aerosols are one of the important atmospheric constituents and exert indirect impact on climate through the modification of microphysical and radiative properties of clouds that in turn perturb the precipitation pattern.Thus,the long term quantification of changes in Aerosol and cloud characteristics and their interactions on both temporal as well as spatial scale will provide a crucial information for the better assessment of future climate change.In present study,18 years(2003-2020)MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer(MODIS)derived Aerosol-cloud dataset over the Northern Indian Ocean(NIO)were analysed to assess climatology and trend of Aerosol,cloud characteristics and their correlation.We found a strong heterogeneity in spatio-temporal variation of Aerosol and cloud parameters over the NIO that are more prominent for the coastal region.The climatological mean of Aerosol loading is found high(AOD≥0.5)over the outflow region along the Indian sub-continent and low(AOD≤0.2)over the northern equatorial open ocean.The climatological mean of cloud properties shows dominance of optically thicker deep convective(CTP700 hPa and CTT>273 K)over the northwestern Arabian Sea(AS).Similarly,bigger effective radii(>17µm)observed along the equatorial open ocean whereas smaller CER(Aerosol loading(>0.003 yr^(-1))suggesting a significant impact of s

关键词： Aerosol Cloud properties Northern Indian Ocean Climatology Trend Correlation

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Influence of South Asian Biomass Burning on Ozone and Aerosol Concentrations Over the Tibetan Plateau

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第7期39卷 1184-1197,I0002-I0013页

作者： Junhua YANG Shichang KANG Yuling HU Xintong CHEN Mukesh RAI State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Lanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101China

In this work,the influence of South Asian biomass burning emissions on O_(3) and PM_(2.5)concentrations over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)is investigated by using the regional climate chemistry transport model WRF-Chem.The simulation is validated by comparing meteorological fields and pollutant concentrations against in situ observations and gridded datasets,providing a clear perspective on the spatiotemporal variations of O_(3) and PM_(2.5)concentrations across the Indian subcontinent,including the Tibetan Plateau.Further sensitivity simulations and analyses show that emissions from South Asian biomass burning mainly affect local O_(3) concentrations.For example,contribution ratios were up to 20%in the Indo-Gangetic Plain during the pre-monsoon season but below 1%over the TP throughout the year 2016.In contrast,South Asian biomass burning emissions contributed more than 60%of PM_(2.5)concentration over the TP during the pre-monsoon season via significant contribution of primary PM_(2.5)components(black carbon and organic carbon)in western India that were lofted to the TP by westerly winds.Therefore,it is suggested that cutting emissions from South Asian biomass burning is necessary to alleviate Aerosol pollution over the TP,especially during the pre-monsoon season.

关键词： South Asian biomass burning ozone Aerosol black carbon Tibetan Plateau

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Comparison of the Anthropogenic Emission Inventory for CMIP6 Models with a Country-Level Inventory over China and the Simulations of the Aerosol Properties

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第1期39卷 80-96页

作者： Tianyi FAN Xiaohong LIU Chenglai WU Qiang ZHANG Chuanfeng ZHAO Xin YANG Yanglian LI College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Department of Atmospheric Sciences Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77843USA International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100091China

Anthropogenic emission inventory for Aerosols and reactive gases is crucial to the estimation of Aerosol radiative forcing and climate effects.Here,the anthropogenic emission inventory for AerChemMIP,endorsed by CMIP6,is briefly introduced.The CMIP6 inventory is compared with a country-level inventory(i.e.,MEIC)over China from 1986 to 2015.Discrepancies are found in the yearly trends of the two inventories,especially after 2006.The yearly trends of the Aerosol burdens simulated by CESM2 using the two inventories follow their emission trends and deviate after the mid-2000s,while the simulated Aerosol optical depths(AODs)show similar trends.The difference between the simulated AODs is much smaller than the difference between model and observation.Although the simulated AODs agree with the MODIS satellite retrievals for country-wide average,the good agreement is an offset between the underestimation in eastern China and the overestimation in western China.Low-biased precursor gas of SO_(2),overly strong convergence of the wind field,overly strong dilution and transport by summer monsoon circulation,too much wet scavenging by precipitation,and overly weak Aerosol swelling due to low-biased relative humidity are suggested to be responsible for the underestimated AOD in eastern China.This indicates that the influence of the emission inventory uncertainties on simulated Aerosol properties can be overwhelmed by model biases of meteorology and Aerosol processes.It is necessary for climate models to perform reasonably well in the dynamical,physical,and chemical processes that would influence Aerosol simulations.

关键词： anthropogenic emission inventory AerChemMIP CMIP6 MEIC Aerosol CESM2

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Au nanoring arrays as surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrate for chemical component study of individual atmospheric Aerosol particle

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第2期33卷 11-17页

作者： Hanyun Cheng Xu Dong Yang Yang Yiqing Feng Tao Wang Muhammad Ali Tahir Liwu Zhang Hongbo Fu Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention Department of Environmental Science&EngineeringFudan UniuersityShanghai200433China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China

Monolayer-ordered gold nanoring arrays were prepared by ion-sputtering method and used as surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)substrates to test the individual atmospheric Aerosols particle.Compared to other methods used for testing atmospheric Aerosols particles,the collection and subsequent detection in our work is performed directly on the gold nanoring SERS substrate without any treatment of the analyte.The SERS performance can be tuned by changing the depth of the gold nanoring cavity as originating from coupling of dipolar modes at the inner and outer surfaces of the nanorings.The electric field exhibits uniform enhancement and polarization in the ordered Au nanoring substrate,which can improve the accuracy for detecting atmospheric Aerosol particles.Combined with Raman mapping,the information about chemical composition of individual atmospheric Aerosols particle and distribution of specific components can be presented visually.The results show the potential of SERS in enabling improved analysis of Aerosol particle chemical composition,mixing state,and other related physicochemical properties.

关键词： Raman SERS Aerosol Nanoring Chemical component

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