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Genome sequences of five Sitopsis species of aegilops and the origin of polyploid wheat B subgenome

Molecular Plant 2022年第3期15卷 488-503页

作者： Lin-Feng Li Zhi-Bin Zhang Zhen-Hui Wang Ning Li Yan Sha Xin-Feng Wang Ning Ding Yang Li Jing Zhao Ying Wu Lei Gong Fabrizio Mafessoni Avraham A.Levy Bao Liu Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education(MOE) Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences The Weizmann Institute of Science76100 RehovotIsrael Faculty of Agronomy Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun 130118China

Common wheat(Triticum aestivum,BBAADD)is a major staple food crop worldwide.The diploid progenitors of the A and D subgenomes have been unequivocally identified;that of B,however,remains ambiguous and controversial but is suspected to be related to species of aegilops,section Sitopsis.Here,we report the assembly of chromosome-level genome sequences of all five Sitopsis species,namely aegilops bicornis,Ae.longissima,Ae.searsii,Ae.sharonensis,and Ae.speltoides,as well as the partial assembly of the Amblyopyrum muticum(synonym aegilops mutica)genome for phylogenetic analysis.Our results reveal that the donor of the common wheat B subgenome is a distinct,and most probably extinct,diploid species that diverged from an ancestral progenitor of the B lineage to which the still extant Ae.speltoides and Am.muticum belong.In addition,we identified interspecific genetic introgressions throughout the evolution of the Triticum/aegilops species complex.The five Sitopsis species have various assembled genome sizes(4.11-5.89 Gb)with high proportions of repetitive sequences(85.99%-89.81%);nonetheless,they retain high collinearity with other genomes or subgenomes of species in the Triticum/aegilops complex.Differences in genome size were primarily due to independent post-speciation amplification of transposons.We also identified a set of Sitopsis genes pertinent to important agronomic traits that can be harnessed for wheat breeding.These newly assembled genome resources provide a new roadmap for evolutionary and genetic studies of the Triticum/aegilops complex,as well as for wheat improvement.

关键词： aegilops Sitopsis genetic introgression genome evolution polyploid wheat Triticum

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Molecular mapping of the hybrid necrosis gene NetJingY176 in aegilops tauschii using microsatellite markers

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The Crop Journal 2015年第4期3卷 298-304页

作者： Fengbo Xue Jun Guo Changying Guan Hongwei Wang Anfei Li Lingrang Kong State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Agronomy Shandong Agricultural University

The rich genetic variation preserved in collections of aegilops tauschii can be readily exploited to improve common wheat using synthetic hexaploid wheat lines. However,hybrid necrosis, which is characterized by progressive death of leaves or plants, has been observed in certain interspecific crosses between tetraploid wheat and Ae. tauschii. The aim of this study was to construct a fine genetic map of a gene(temporarily named Net Jing Y176)conferring hybrid necrosis in Ae. tauschii accession Jing Y176. A triploid F1 population derived from distant hybridization between Ae. tauschii and tetraploid wheat was used to map the gene with microsatellite markers. The newly developed markers Xsdau K539 and Xsdau K561 co-segregated with Net Jing Y176 on chromosome arm 2DS. The tightly linked markers developed in this study were used to genotype 91 Ae. tauschii accessions. The marker genotype analysis suggested that 49.45% of the Ae. tauschii accessions carry Net Jing Y176. Interestingly, hybrid necrosis genotypes tended to appear more commonly in Ae. tauschii ssp. tauschii than in Ae. tauschii ssp. strangulata.

关键词： aegilops tauschii Coss Hybrid necrosis Net Jing Y176 Molecular marker

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Genomewide association study of aegilops tauschii traits under seedling-stage cadmium stress

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The Crop Journal 2015年第5期3卷 405-415页

作者： Peng Qin Lang Wang Kun Liu Shuangshuang Mao Zhanyi Li Shang Gao Haoran Shi Yaxi Liu College of Agronomy and Biotechnology Yunnan Agricultural University Triticeae Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University

aegilops tauschii Ais a wild relative of common wheat(Triticum aestivum) and acts as an important resource of elite genes including genes for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. To improve the cadmium(Cd) tolerance of wheat varieties using A. tauschii resources, we investigated the genetic variation of biomass-based Cd tolerance in 235 A. tauschii accessions treated with 0(control) and100 μmol L-1CdC l2(as Cd stress). Simultaneously, we performed a genomewide association study(GWAS) using a single-nucleotide polymorphism chip containing 7185 markers. Six markers were found to be significantly associated with Cd tolerance by a general linear model and a mixed linear model. These markers were close to several candidate/flanking genes associated with Cd tolerance according to results in public databases, including pdil5-1, Acc-1, DME-5A,TaA P2-D, TaA P2-B, Vrn-B1, and FtsH-like protein gene. The A. tauschii accessions were classified as high, moderate, and low Cd-tolerant according to a secondary index, the synthetic index(SI), in proportions of 9%, 57%, and 34%, respectively. By the average SI, accessions from Afghanistan,Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Iran showed relatively high Cd tolerance.

关键词： aegilops tauschii GWAS Cadmium tolerance Biomass

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Comparing two approaches for introgression of germplasm from aegilops tauschii into common wheat

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The Crop Journal 2017年第5期5卷 355-362页

作者： Thomas S.Cox Jizhong Wu Shuwen Wang Jin Cai Qiaofeng Zhong Bisheng Fu Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Allelic diversity in the wild grass aegilops tauschii is vastly greater than that in the D genome of common wheat(Triticum aestivum), of which Ae. tauschii is the source. Since the 1980 s,there have been numerous efforts to harness a much larger share of Ae. tauschii^ extensive and highly variable gene pool for wheat improvement. Those efforts have followed two distinct approaches: production of amphiploids, known as "synthetic hexaploids," between T. turgidum and Ae. tauschii,and direct hybridization between 丁. aestiuum and Ae. tauschii;both approaches then involve backcrossing to 丁. aestiuum. Both synthetic hexaploid production and direct hybridization have led to the transfer of numerous new genes into common wheat that confer improvements in many traits. This work has led to release of improved cultivars in China, the United States, and many other countries. Each approach to D-genome improvement has advantages and disadvantages. For example, production of synthetic hexaploids can incorporate useful germplasm from both T. turgidum and Ae.tauschii, thereby enhancing the A, B, and D genomes; on the other hand, direct hybridization rapidly restores the recurrent parent's A and B genomes and avoids incorporation of genes with adverse effects on threshability, hybrid necrosis, vernalization response, milling and baking quality, and other traits, which are often transferred when T. turgidum is used as a parent. Choice of method will depend in part on the type of wheat being developed and the target environment. However, more extensive use of the so-far underexploited direct hybridization approach is especially warranted.

关键词： aegilops tauschii Direct hybridization Origin of wheat Synthetic hexaploid Triticum aestivum Wheat breeding

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Characterization of a Triticum aestivum-aegilops germplasm line presenting reduced plant height and early maturation

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The Crop Journal 2017年第3期5卷 185-194页

作者： Yuhai Wang Qingdian Han Fang He Yinguang Bao Dongfeng Ming Honggang Wang Zaozhuang University Zaozhuang 277160ShandongChina Agronomy College Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an271018ShandongChina State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an271018ShandongChina Linyi University Linyi 276000ShandongChina

Plant height plays an important role in the potential and stability of crop yields and represents one of the most important agronomic traits of wheat. Although more than 30 dwarfing genes have been identified in wheat, only a few are used in wheat breeding, which has narrowed the genetic basis of newly developed varieties. Therefore, continually identifying new dwarfing genes is required to produce improved wheat cultivars. TA001 is a new germplasm line marked by reduced plant height and early maturation, and it was derived from a hybridization between the common wheat Yannong 15 and the aegilops ventricosa × aegilops cylindrica amphiploid SDAU18. In this study, cytological observations, agronomic trait examinations, genomic in situ hybridization(GISH), multicolor genomic in situ hybridization(mc-GISH), multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization(mc-FISH), SSR analysis and seed storage protein electrophoresis were combined to determine the cytological stability, main agronomic traits, chromosomal constituents and seed storage protein subunits of TA001. Twenty-one bivalents were observed in most of the pollen mother cells at metaphase I(PMCs MI) in TA001, which housed 42 chromosomes, and the chromosomes in most pollen mother cells at anaphase I(PMCs AI)displayed 21/21 segregation. Twenty bivalents plus two univalents were simultaneously observed in most of the PMCs MI of the hybrid F_1 between TA001 and Yannong 15. TA001 possessed all chromosomes from genomes A, B and D except for chromosome 7B, which was replaced by one pair of N-genome chromosomes from aegilops ventricosa. Several pairs of chromosomes in TA001 exhibited different FISH patterns from the equivalent chromosomes in Yannong 15. TA001 housed alien genetic materials from aegilops ventricosa and aegilops cylindrica and possessed new glutenin and gliadin subunits specific to SDAU18, as revealed by molecular marker analysis and protein electrophoresis respectively.

关键词： Triticum aestivum aegilops Disomic alien substitution Dwarfism Early maturation

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HMW glutenin subunits in multiploid aegilops species: composition analysis and molecular cloning of coding sequences

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第4期46卷 309-313页

作者： Ruili Xie Yongfang Wan Yan Zhang Daowen Wang Chinese Acad Sci Inst Genet Beijing 100101 Peoples R China

The aegilops genus contains species closely related to wheat. In common with wheat, aegilops species accumulate high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits in their endospermic tissue. In this study, we investigated the composition of HMW glutenin subunits in four multiploid aegilops species using SDS-PAGE analysis. Furthermore, by working with Ae. ventricosa, we established an efficient ge-nomic PCR condition for simultaneous amplification of DNA sequences coding for either x- or y-type HMW glutenin sub-units from polyploid aegilops species. Using the genomic PCR condition, we amplified and subsequently cloned two DNA fragments that may code for HMW glutenin subunits in Ae. ventricosa. Based on an analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences, we concluded that the two cloned sequences encode one x- and one y-type of HMW glutenin subunit, respectively.

关键词： aegilops Ae. ventricosa HMW glutenin subunit molecular cloning.

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Cloning and characterization of a C genome-specific repetitive sequence in aegilops caudata L.

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第14期44卷 1301-1306页

作者： Xiuying Kong Ronghua Zhou Yuchen Dong Jizeng Jia Chinese Acad Agr Sci Minist Agr Key Lab Crop Germplasm & Biotechnol Beijing 100081 Peoples R China

pAeca212 is 204 bp in length, and the G + C content is 51%. It disperses on all seven chromosome pairs of aegilops caudata except centromeres and secondary constrictions.Compared with the 316893 DNA sequences registered in Genbank/EMBL/DDJB/PDB, pAeca212 is a new C-genome specific repetitive sequence. The results of genomic specificity analysis of pAeca212 show that there are no hybridization signals detected in all donor Poaceae plants except in rye. pAeca212 is a very useful molecular marker in the study of the origin of Triticeace and the detection of C chromatin in wheat background.

关键词： aegilops caudata genome specific repetitive sequence.

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Breeding of wheat male sterile line with aegilops crassa (6x) cytoplasm and research of its characters

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1995年第3期40卷 243-247页

作者：吴郁文张翠兰刘春光任树新张炎 State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Since Wilson and Ross （1962） bred wheat male sterile line with T. timopheevi cytoplasm （G type） and its relative restoration line, with high utilization value, the progress has been accelerated in research of heterotic use of wheat male sterility. But so far they have not been used in large area production, because of the limited restorer resource, imperfect grains and insignificant population heterosis. Ae（?）ilops kotschyi and Ae. Variabilis types/（Sv type） overcame well some problems in G type, such as restorer resource, grain plumpness etc., but at the same time, other more difficult problems arose, e. g. their sterile line and hybrid F1 generation produced monoploids at a certain rate, hybrid growth was weak and restorer degree of sterility had a large variation scale. The stability of sterility in Ae. Ventricosa （D type） and Ae unianstata （Mu type） cytoplasms, as well as the maintenance and restoration of their male sterile lines were further studied. In order

关键词： aegilops crassa (6x) male sterility restoration cytoplasm effect.

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Au Elements and Their Evolution in Some AIIopolyploid Genomes of aegilops

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2006年第12期5卷 895-904页

作者： GONG Han-yu WANG Jian-bo Key Laboratory of MOE for Plant Developmental Biology/College of Life Science Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P.R. China College of Life Sciences South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 P.R.China

To study the sequences of short interspersed nuclear elements （SINEs） evolution in some allopolyploid genomes of aegilops, 108 Au element fragments （a novel kind of plant SINE） were amplified and sequenced in 10 species of aegilops, which were clustered into three different groups （A, B and C） based on their related geuome types. The sequences of these Au element fragments were heterogouous in di-, tetra-, and hexa-ploids, and the deudrograms of Au element obtained from phylogenetic analysis were very complex in each group and could be clustered into 15, 15 and 22 families, respectively. In this study, three rules about Au elements evolution have been drawn from the results： i. Most families were composed of Au element members with different host species in three groups; ii. Family 1-6 in Group A, Family 1-6 in Group B, Family 1-4 and Family 6-13 in Group C contained only one, apparently highly degenerate Au dement member （a single representative elemeut）; iii. Elements generally fell into clades that were species-specific with respect to their host species. The potential mechanisms of Au element evolution in aegilops were discussed.

关键词： aegilops Au element genomic evolution SINE

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Relationship Between Several Biochemical Indexes and Resistance of aegilops Species to Oat-Bird Cherry Aphids(Homoptera:Aphididae)

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2003年第9期2卷 994-999页

作者： LI Qing, YE Hua zhi, YANG Qun fang and JIANG Su rong (College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, P.R.China) College of Agronomy Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan 625014 P.R.China

The biochemical mechanism of resistance of 9 aegilops species including A.biuncialis,A.juvenalis, A.ovata, A.kotschyi var. varianilis, A.triaristata, A.tauschii, A.vavilovii, A.crassa and A.ventricosa in Triticeae to oat bird cherry aphid ( Rhopalosiphum padi ) were reported for the first time. The results showed that the content of total phenols in seedling was not associated with resistance to this aphid. The level of DIMBOA was negatively related to intrinsic innate rate of increase ( r m ) of R. padi. Neither of soluable sugar nor total phenols in adult stage was associated with resistance level. However, concentrations of free proline and serine in leaf were positively related to r m of R. padi ( r m =0.0636+0.23x pro ** +1.982x ser *). The content of DIMBOA was high negatively related to r m of R. padi ( r =0.819 ** ). The low level of free proline and serine and high concentration of DIMBOA could be regarded as important elements for resistance of aegilops species to R. padi.

关键词： aegilops Resistance mechanism Rhopalosiphum padi

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