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Threats of Zika virus transmission for Asia and its Hindu-Kush Himalayan region

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 387-393页

作者： Meghnath Dhimal Sushma Dahal Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal Shiva Raj Mishra Khem BKarki Krishna Kumar Aryal Ubydul Haque Md Iqbal Kabir Pradeep Guin Azeem Mehmood Butt Harapan Harapan Qi-Yong Liu Cordia Chu Doreen Montag David Alexander Groneberg Basu Dev Pandey Ulrich Kuch Ruth Muller Nepal Health Research Council(NHRC) Ramshah PathKathmanduNepal Institute of Occupational edicine Social Medicine and Environmental MedicineGoethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany Faculty of Social Sciences Goethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany The University of Queensland BrisbaneAustralia Department of Public Health Baldwin Wallace UniversityBereaOhioUSA Department of Epidemiology National Institute of Preventive and Social MedicineMinistry of Health and Family WelfareDhakaBangladesh Public Health Foundation of India GurgaonHaryanaIndia Centre for Environmental Health GurgaonHaryanaIndia Translational Genomics Laboratory Department of BiosciencesCOMSATS Institute of Information Technology(CIIT)Islamabad 45550Pakistan Medical Research Unit School of MedicineSyiah Kuala UniversityBanda AcehIndonesia WHO Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management SKLIDCCIDICDCChina CDCBeijingChina Centre for Environment and Population Health Griffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia Barts and the London School of Medicine Centre for Primary Care and Public HealthQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK Department of Health Services Ministry of HealthGovernment of NepalKathmanduNepal

Asia and its Hindu Kush Himalayan(HKH)region is particularly vulnerable to environmental change,especially climate and land use changes further influenced by rapid population growth,high level of poverty and unsustainable *** has been a hotspot of dengue fever and chikungunya mainly due to its dense human population,unplanned urbanization and *** an urban cycle,dengue virus(DENV)and chikungunya virus(CHIKV)are transmitted by aedes aegypti and *** mosquitoes which are also competent vectors of Zika virus(ZIKV).Over the last decade,DENV and CHIKV transmissions by *** have extended to the Himalayan countries of Bhutan and Nepal and ZIKV could follow in the footsteps of these viruses in the HKH *** already established distribution of human-biting aedes mosquito vectors and a naïve population with lack of immunity against ZIKV places the HKH region at a higher risk of *** of the countries in the HKH region have already reported ZIKV *** have documented an increasing threat of ZIKV in Asia and its HKH region because of the high abundance and wide distribution of human-biting mosquito vectors,climate change,poverty,report of indigenous cases in the region,increasing numbers of imported cases and a naïve population with lack of immunity against *** outbreak anywhere is potentially a threat ***,in order to ensure international health security,all efforts to prevent,detect,and respond to ZIKV ought to be intensified now in Asia and its HKH *** prepare for possible ZIKV outbreaks,Asia and the HKH region can also learn from the success stories and strategies adopted by other regions and countries in preventing ZIKV and associated *** future control strategies for DENV,CHIKV and ZIKV should be considered in tandem with the threat to human well-being that is posed by other emerging and re-emerging vector-borne and zoonotic diseases,and by the continuing urgent need to strengthen public

关键词： aedes aegypti aedes albopictus Dengue virus Chikungunya virus Hindu Kush Himalayas Mountain Poverty Zika virus

Epidemiological, prevention and control updates of yellow fever outbreak in Brazil

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019年第2期12卷 49-59页

作者： Marli do Carmo Cupertino Rebeca Garcia Andréia Patrícia Gomes Sérgio Oliveira de Paula Nicholas Mayers Rodrigo Siqueira-Batista Medical School Dinamica College of the Piranga Valley Laboratory of Epidemiological and Computational Methods in Health Department of Medicine and Nursing Federal University of Vicosa Laboratory of Immunovirology Department of General Biology Federal University of Vicosa Department of Veterinary Medicine Universidade Federal de Vicosa

Yellow fever is an acute viral disease endemic to tropical countries, like Brazil, where, since the 1940 s, has no significant documented outbreaks similar to that observed between 2016/2018(2 045 confirmed cases and 677 deaths; caused by the sylvatic form).The principal manipulating factors inciting this change were absence of appropriate vaccination campaigns and increased urbanization & population growth in forest areas, with prevalence of the virus in the species inhabiting of these *** 2016/2018 outbreaks exhibited incidence in areas with historically low or no yellow fever virus activity, triggering a surge in recorded deaths-mainly in the Southeastern states of *** Brazilian government aggressively responded, reforming the countries' prophylactic measures, including vaccine implementation-as of March, 2018, switching from the former double dose regimen of the vaccine, to a single dose protocol, deemed as ***, some states appropriated the fractionated dosage(1/5 of the standard dose), in foresight of potential vaccine *** prevent the uprising of new sylvatic yellow fever cases in Brazil, it's obligatory the development of effective combative plans, including adaptation of prophylactic measures individually(use of repellents, protective clothing etc.), applicable vaccination campaigns in every endemic region, to raise awareness to locals and visitors *** these preventative strategies, the persistence of cases and the recent outbreaks in Brazil, highlight the possible ineffectiveness of combative *** on these considerations, the objective of this review was to raise more awareness of the epidemiological impact of the disease in Brazil.

关键词： Infectious disease Epidemiology Arboviruses Yellow fever aedes aegypti

Insecticide resistance status and biochemical mechanisms involved in aedes mosquitoes: A scoping review

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2021年第2期14卷 52-63页

作者： Minu Bharati Dhiraj Saha Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory Department of ZoologyUniversity of North Bengal.P.O.North Bengal UniversityDistrict-DarjeelingWest Bengal734013 India

Mosquitoes belonging to the genus aedes pose a significant threat to human health on a global scenario due to their role in transmission of dengue,chikungunya,zika,and yellow *** absence of specific medications and vaccines against these diseases,disease prevention relies on vector ***,in today’s world,vector control is facing major challenges due to the onset of insecticide resistance in *** are four main mechanisms of insecticide resistance,namely,behavioral resistance,reduced penetration/cuticular resistance,metabolic detoxification,and target site resistance;however,the latter two mechanisms have been studied widely in aedes *** resistance in aedes mosquitoes is widespread throughout the *** review compiles the degree of insecticide resistance/susceptibility prevailing among different field populations of aedes mosquitoes *** addition,the review has detailed the mechanisms providing the resistance phenomenon observed in nature in aedes mosquitoes.

关键词： aedes aegypti aedes albopictus Insecticide resistance Metabolic detoxification Knockdown resistance

The largest dengue outbreak in Argentina and spatial analyses of dengue cases in relation to a control program in a district with sylvan and urban environments

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018年第3期11卷 227-234页

作者： Aníbal E Carbajo Alejandra Rubio María J Viani María R Colombo Laboratorio de Eoclogía de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería AmbientalUniversidad Nacional de General San Martín Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Secretaria de Política Sanitaria y Desarrollo Humano Municipio de Tigre

Objective: To analyze the largest outbreak of dengue in Argentina in the municipality of Tigre during 2016, through detailed spatial analyses of the occurrence of cases in relation to demographic factors and vector control actions. Methods: Detailed and georreferenced data on dengue cases with laboratory results(NS1 or IgM) were analyzed. The occurrences of imported and autochthonous cases by census tract were modeled using demographic variables(population by age class, proportion of foreigners, proportion with university grade, proportion of males), dwelling variables(number of homes, proportion of dwellings with latrine, number of dwellings, proportion of houses, proportion of flats, proportion of slums) and census tract area as explanatory variables. The probability of occurrence of autochthonous and imported cases was modeled separately. The spatio-temporal occurrence of cases was studied in relation to focal and perifocal control actions(involving education campaigns, removal of aedes aegypti breeding sites and exhaustive insecticide spraying) to assess the efficiency in stopping autochthonous cases spreading. Results: All autochthonous cases occurred in the urban environment with no sylvan cases. The majority of the imported cases registered came from Paraguay and Northeastern Argentina. The age structure of imported and autochthonous cases did not differ from the age structure of the municipality, while that of the negative cases *** studied spatially, the occurrence of imported cases by census tract was mildly associated with a higher proportion of foreign population and more people at active age, while occurrence of autochthonous cases was not significantly associated with any of the studied *** census tracts with laboratory confirmed results, the models showed higher probability of autochthonous cases related to higher population density and population age structure. The clustering of autochthonous cases was generally mild, with prevailing i

关键词： aedes aegypti Vector-borne diseases Vector control Dengue epidemic

Contribution of public places in proliferation of dengue vectors in Penang Island,Malaysia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第3期7卷 183-187页

作者： Alhaji Hamisu Maimusa Abu Hassan Ahmad Nur Faeza Abu Kassim Hamdan Ahmad Hamady Dieng Junaid Rahim School of Biological Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia11800Pulau PinangMalaysia Vector Control Research Unit School of Biological SciencesUniversiti Sains Malaysia11800Pulau PinangMalaysia Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation Universiti Malaysia Sarawak94300Kota SamarahanSarawakMalaysia

Objective: To determine abundance, distribution and diversity of potential breeding container habitats of the dengue vectors in public places including schools, restaurants,mosques and parks in southwest areas of Penang Island, ***: Premises at restaurants, schools, parks and mosques were surveyed simultaneously and inspected visually for container habitats and production of immature mosquitoes from March 2015 to March 2016. Abundance(mean ± SE) of breeding containers between sites was compared using One-way ANOVA. Independent sample ttest was used to compare total number of aedes albopictus(Ae. albopictus) and aedes aegypti(Ae. aegypti) ***: The surveyed locations yielded a total of 3 741 breeding containers and 19 537 immature mosquitoes from four areas. Concurrent artificial and natural containers produced 78.4% immature Ae. albopictus and 6.3% Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in wet season,with 14.2% Ae. albopictus and 1.1% Ae. aegypti mosquitoes in dry season. Artificial containers accounted for 98.1% of the total containers recorded, with restaurants being the most productive locations(8 012) and schools being the least productive(2 234).Conclusions: It was concluded that public places are good sources of potential container habitats of aedes mosquitoes in Penang Island, Malaysia and Ae. albopictus has exclusively replaced the home-grown Ae. aegypti even in urban areas. Therefore, treatment of artificial containers in such locations is critical in aedes mosquito control campaigns during dengue outbreaks.

关键词： Public places Breeding containers Abundance aedes albopictus aedes aegypti

Does Zika Really Have the Capacity to Affect the Nervous System and Cause Microcephaly or Intracranial Calcifications?

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Modern Research in Inflammation 2016年第2期5卷 20-30页

作者： Lawrence Broxmeyer Refik Kanjhan School of Biomedical Sciences Brisbane University of Queensland Brisbane Australia

Although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that brain abnormalities in infants with laboratory-confirmed Zika infection include microcephaly, disrupted brain growth, intracranial calcifications, and abnormal eye findings—it is not known presently if the Zika virus itself causes any of these. In a recent 2016 review of Zika dealing with possible brain abnormalities appearing with Zika, Melo et al. mention that among the Flaviviruses, which Zika is, such brain insults and pathologic findings are practically unheard of. Melo et al. conclude that until more cases are diagnosed and more histopathological proofs are obtained, the possibility of other causes besides Zika cannot be ruled out. This paper considers just such other possible causes that have, to this point, escaped general notice. The aedes aegypti and other aedes species can transmit tiny viral-like, cell-wall-deficient mycobacterial forms, independent of viruses, yet prevalent in the very same Rhesus Monkey used in the original 1952 Zika communication—which spoke of “A filterable transmissible agent”. In addition, the universal fetal prenatal vaccination of Brazilian neonates is considered, strongly discouraged by The Royal Children’s Hospital in Melbourne, which forbids BCG vaccination of pregnant women and those immunosuppressed or already having tuberculosis (TB) or AIDS. And finally thought is focused on the prime candidate itself, towards explaining what an alternative cause for “Zika” might look like—an infectious agent with transmissible, filterable, viral-like forms. One which can be transmitted by the very same aedes mosquitoes that carry Zika—one that is neurotrophic, and extremely prevalent in Brazil—and that can disrupt brain growth, cause microcephalus, cause a fever, is sexually transmissible, instigates Guillain-Barré syndrome and causes cranial calcifications—the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, which includes the Mycobacterium africanum prevalent, yet completely

关键词： The Zika Virus Microcephaly aedes aegypti Flaws in Zika Diagnosis Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Mosquitocidal properties of Oxystelma esculentum(Asclepiadaceae)-Indian medicinal plant tested against Ades aegypti(Linn.)(Diptera:Culicidae)

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2015年第4期 326-332页

作者： Kuppusamy Elumalai Kaliyamoorthy Krishnappa Unit of Entomotoxicity Department of Advanced Zoology and BiotechnologyGovt.Arts College(Autonomous)NandanamChennai-600035TamilnaduIndia

Objective:To evaluate the mosquitocidal activities of various solvent extract of Oxystelma esculentum(***)against the medically important dengue vector mosquito,aedes aegypti(***)***:A total of 25 early third instar larvae of *** were exposed to various concentrations(60-300 mg/L)and were assayed in the laboratory by using the protocol of World Health Organization,2005;the 24 h LC_(50) values of the *** leaf extract was determined by probit *** ovicidal activity was determined against the freshly laid eggs of *** to various concentrations ranging from 50-300 mg/L under laboratory *** pupicidal activity was determined against pupae of *** to various concentrations ranging from 70-280 mg/L after 24 h of exposure to the concern *** repellent efficacy was determined against adult female mosquito species at 1.0,2.0 and 3.0 mg/cm^(2) under laboratory ***:The LC_(50) value of methanol extract of *** against 3rd instar larvae of *** was 125.82 mg/*** same extract showed 100%egg mortality at 250 mg/L and also pupicidal activity observed against the pupae of *** at 280 mg/***:The present results suggest that the *** leaf extracts provided an excellent,potential phytopesticide for controlling *** mosquito.

关键词： Larvicidal activity Ovicidal activity Pupicidal activity Repellent activity Oxystelma esculentum aedes aegypti

Defervescent dengue patients might be a potential source of infection for vector mosquitoes

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第2期9卷 104-104页

作者： Ye Xut Ling-Zhai Zhao Ya-Zhou Xu Jin-Bao Gu Kun Wu Zhi-Qiang Peng Xiao-Hong Zhou Fu-Chun Zhang Xiao-Guang Chen Department of Pathogen Biology School of Public HealthSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina 不详

Background:Dengue is a re-emerging public health problem and mosquito-borne infectious disease that is transmitted mainly by A edes aegypti and *** diagnosis,isolation,and treatment of patients are critical steps for dengue epidemic control,especially to prevent secondary transmission of dengue virus(DENV).However,little is known about defervescent dengue patients as a source of ***:This case study describes 1268 dengue patients hospitalized at Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital from June 2013 to December *** viral loads of each individual were measured using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain *** and *** were exposed to blood meal with gradated dengue viral loads to characterize the relationship between viremia in dengue patients and the vector competence of vector ***:The viral numbers in the blood were measured,ranging from 108 to 103 copies/ml from day 1 to day 12 after fever onset Vector competence analysis o fA *** and *** indicated that viremia>104 copies/ml can still infect vector mosquitoes,which implied that the defervescent dengue patients might be a source of ***:The results of this study indicate that some defervescent dengue patients still have sufficient viral load to infect vector ***,the protection against mosquito biting for these people should be extended to prevent secondary transmission events.

关键词： Dengue fever Dengue virus Vector aedes aegypti aedes albopictus

Epidemiology of dengue virus infections in Nepal, 2006-2019

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2021年第2期10卷 89-89页

作者： Komal Raj Rijal Bipin Adhikari Bindu Ghimire Binod Dhungel Uttam Raj Pyakurel Prakash Shah Anup Bastola Binod Lekhak Megha Raj Banjara Basu Dev Pandey Daniel MParker Prakash Ghimire Central Department of Microbiology Tribhuvan UniversityKirtipurKathmanduNepal 不详

Background:Dengue is one of the newest emerging diseases in Nepal with increasing burden and geographic spread over the *** main objective of this study was to explore the epidemiological patterns of dengue since its ... 详细信息

关键词： Dengue DENV aedes aegypti Outbreak Nepal Spatial epidemiology