检索结果-南通市图书馆

Health 2013年第2期5卷 229-236页

作者： Khin Maung Lwin Thomas J. Peto Nicholas J. White Nicholas P. J. Day Francois Nosten Michael Parker Phaik Yeong Cheah Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit Faculty of Tropical Medicine Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand Shoklo Malaria Research Unit Mae Sot Thailand The Ethox Centre Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care University of Oxford Oxford UK

Community engagement is increasingly promoted to strengthen the ethics of medical research in low-income countries. One strategy is to use community advisory boards (CABs): semi-independent groups that can potentially safeguard the rights of study participants and help improve research. However, there is little published on the experience of operating and sustaining CABs. The Shoklo Malaria Research Unit (SMRU) has been conducting research and providing healthcare in a population of refugees, migrant workers, and displaced people on the Thai-Myanmar border for over 25 years. In 2009 SMRU facilitated the establishment of the Tak Province Community Ethics advisory Board (T-CAB) in an effort to formally engage with the local communities both to obtain advice and to establish a participatory framework within which studies and the provision of health care can take place. In this paper, we draw on our experience of community engagement in this unique setting, and on our interactions with the past and present CAB members to critically reflect upon the CAB’s goals, structure and operations with a focus on the practicalities, what worked, what did not, and on its future directions.

关键词： Ethics Community Engagement Community advisory Boards Developing Countries Thailand Myanmar Global Health International Research

A comparison of fish tissue mercury concentrations from homogenized fillet and nonlethal biopsy plugs

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第6期31卷 137-145页

作者： Alexis Knight Satyendra P.Bhavsar Brian A.Branfireun Peter Drouin Ram Prashad Steve Petro Moustapha Oke Department of Biology and Centre for Environment and Sustainability Western University Ontario Ministry of the Environment Conservation and Parks

The use of biopsy plugs to sample fish muscle tissue for mercury analyses is a viable alternative to lethal sampling; however, the practice has yet to be widely implemented in routine monitoring due to concerns about variability of mercury concentrations in fish muscle tissues. Here we examine distribution of mercury in fillets of four fish species(Walleye, Northern Pike, Smallmouth Bass and Lake Trout), suitability of left/right side of fillet for biopsy sampling, and appropriateness of re-using a biopsy punch. The results showed that average mercury concentrations in left and right fillets of fish are *** concentrations in biopsy plug samples, taken from the anterior dorsal area of the fish fillet, were statistically equivalent to the mercury concentrations in homogenized fillets. There was no discernible cross contamination between samples when a biopsy punch was reused after washing in hot soapy water, and as such, biopsy punches can be recycled during sampling to reduce the sampling cost. If a tissue mass collected from a specific site on the fillet is insufficient, then we suggest sampling corresponding locations on the other fillet rather than sampling two adjacent sites on one fillet to obtain more tissue. The results presented here can improve the accuracy of fillet biopsy plug sampling,minimize fish mortality for mercury monitoring, and reduce labor and material costs in monitoring programs.

关键词： Hg or mercury Fish advisory Nonlethal Monitoring Muscle tissue Biopsy punch plug

Reviewing the Oceanic Nino Index(ONI) to Enhance Societal Readiness for El Nino’s Impacts

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第3期11卷 394-403页

作者： Michael H.Glantz Ivan J.Ramirez Consortium for Capacity Building/INSTAAR.University of Colorado BoulderCO 80309USA Department of Health and Behavioral Sciences University of Colorado DenverDenverCO 80204USA

NOAA’s Oceanic Nino Index(ONI)is used to record for historical purposes the occurrence and duration of El Nino episodes,based on the monitoring of sea surface temperatures(SSTs)in the central Pacific *** ONI is used to identify the onset of an above average SST threshold that persists for several months,encompassing both the beginning and end of an El Nino *** first appearance of an anomalous seasonal value of 0.5℃suggests with a high probability that an El Nino could emerge,but for heightened warnings,one must wait for several *** this article,we proposed that the ONI value of 0.7℃identifies a tipping point at which the El Nino event becomes locked in,which can provide additional lead time for mitigative actions to be taken by societal decision *** preliminary findings suggest that a first appearance of 0.7℃value could serve as a credible marker of El Nino’s locked-in phase,which can provide additional credibility to the current 0.5℃El Nino onset indicator for at-risk societies to get ready for El Nino’s foreseeable societal and ecological impacts.

关键词： advisory Disasters Early warning El Nino El Nino Southern Oscillation ENSO Hydrometeorological hazards Oceanic Nino Index ONI

Enhancing the competitiveness and sustainability of social enterprises in Hong Kong: A three-dimensional analysis

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

China Journal of Accounting Research 2019年第2期12卷 157-176页

作者： Sidney Leung Phyllis Mo Howard Ling Yanto Chandra So Sum Ho Department of Accountancy College of BusinessCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina Social Enterprise Business Centre Hong Kong Council of Social ServiceHong KongChina Department of Applied Social Science The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

Running a social enterprise(SE) is more difficult than running a small or medium-sized enterprise because SEs have to achieve both economic sustainability as business enterprises and their social mission for the benefit of *** a few years of operation, many SEs fail or struggle for survival. In this study, we examine some of the factors that affect an SE’s profitability, financial management, and business planning and management. Based on in-depth interviews with 22 social enterprises in Hong Kong, we find that SEs with the dual investment objectives of social mission and financial return are more sustainable and competitive than SEs with social impact as their sole objective. Furthermore, SEs managed by non-owner managers have better financial planning and performance than those managed by owner managers. In addition, SEs with an oversight/advisory committee are more competitive and have better management practices than those without such a committee. Our findings have policy implications for government, SEs, funding bodies, and non-profit organizations to enhance and promote the development of the social enterprise sector.

关键词： Social enterprises Corporate governance Sustainability Social mission advisory committee Social enterprise performance

The Importance of Involving Stakeholders and Scientists in the Management of Marine Fisheries

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Fisheries Science 2019年第1期1卷 31-36页

作者： Anthony D.Hawkins Loughine Ltd KincraigBlairs AB125YTAberdeenUK

In recent years there has been increasing concern over the state of fish stocks,especially those that support key fisheries and supply food to many *** is also concern over the state of aquatic environments,and the effects of climate *** management is controlled by government agencies,often cooperating with similar agencies from other *** paper deals with the need for expert advice on fisheries,involving fishers as well as *** is made of a Fisheries Partnership set up in Europe,bringing fishers and scientists together with other stakeholders to discuss the problems of managing fish *** partnership was especially successful in improving relationships between fishers and scientists,and made significant improvements to some fish stock *** Regional advisory Councils were later established to play a similar *** are providing significant advice on fisheries,but they do not yet play a key role in actual *** is important to consider how stakeholders and scientists can become more actively involved in fisheries *** is a crucial need to develop new,more participatory ways of managing fisheries.

关键词： Fish stocks Fisheries advisory councils Climate change

Innovation:A Vital Engine for the Development of Private Enterprises

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

China Today 2019年第4期68卷 22-23页

作者： MA LI 不详

DURING the 2019 Two Sessions of China’s top legislative and political advisory bodies, Chinese President Xi Jinping, joining deliberation with Fujian deputies, stressed that varied policies and measures should be implemented to encourage and guide the development of the private sector, so as to create a fair, transparent development environment based on the rule of law for enterprises under various forms of ownership. In this way, we can catalyze the innovation and development of private enterprises.

关键词： China’s top legislative political advisory bodies Xi Jinping