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Role of artificial intelligence in colorectal cancer

Artificial Intelligence in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第2期5卷 31-40页

作者： Gita Lingam Taner Shakir Rawen Kader Manish Chand Department of General Surgery Princess Alexandra HospitalHarlow CM201QXUnited Kingdom Department of Colorectal Surgery University College LondonLondon W1W 7TYUnited Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology University College LondonUniversity College London Hospitals Nhs Foundation TrustLondon W1BUnited Kingdom Gastroenterological Intervention Centre University College LondonLondon W1W 7TSUnited Kingdom

The sphere of artificial intelligence(AI)is ever expanding.Applications for clinical practice have been emerging over recent years.Although its uptake has been most prominent in endoscopy,this represents only one aspect of holistic patient care.There are a multitude of other potential avenues in which gastrointestinal care may be involved.We aim to review the role of AI in colorectal cancer as a whole.We performed broad scoping and focused searches of the applications of AI in the field of colorectal cancer.All trials including qualitative research were included from the year 2000 onwards.Studies were grouped into pre-operative,intra-operative and post-operative aspects.Preoperatively,the major use is with endoscopic recognition.Colonoscopy has embraced the use for human derived classifications such as Narrow-band Imaging International Colorectal Endoscopic,Japan Narrow-band Imaging Expert Team,Paris and Kudo.However,novel detection and diagnostic methods have arisen from advances in AI classification.Intra-operatively,adjuncts such as image enhanced identification of structures and assessment of perfusion have led to improvements in clinical outcomes.Post-operatively,monitoring and surveillance have taken strides with potential socioeconomic and environmental savings.The uses of AI within the umbrella of colorectal surgery are multiple.We have identified existing technologies which are already augmenting cancer care.The future applications are exciting and could at least match,if not surpass human standards.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Colorectal cancer Pre-operative Intra-operative Post-operative adjuncts Colonoscopy

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adjuncts to colonic cleansing before colonoscopy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第11期20卷 2735-2740页

作者： Sanghoon Park Yun Jeong Lim Department of Internal Medicine KEPCO Medical CenterKEPCO Medical FoundationSeoul 132-703South Korea Department of Internal Medicine Dongguk University Ilsan HospitalGoyang 411-773South Korea

Pre-procedural cleansing of the bowel can maximize the effectiveness and efficiency of colonoscopy.Yet,efficacy of the current gold standard colonic preparation method-high-volume oral administration of purgative agents 12-24 h prior to the procedure-is limited by several factors,such as patient compliance(due to poor palatability and inconvenience of the dosing regimen)and risks of complications(due to drug interactions or intolerance).Attempts to resolve these limitations have included providing adjunctive agents and methods to promote the colonic cleansing ability of the principal purgative agent,with the aim of lessening unpleasant side effects(such as bloating)and reducing the large ingested volume requirement.Several promising adjunctive agents are bisacodyl,magnesium citrate,senna,simethicone,metoclopramide,and prokinetics,and each are being investigated for their potential.This review provides an up to date summary of the reported investigations into the potencies and weaknesses of the key adjuncts currently being applied in clinic as supplements to the traditional bowel preparation agents.While the comparative analysis ofthese adjuncts showed that no single agent or method has yet achieved the goal of completely overcoming the limitations of the current gold standard preparation method,they at least provide endoscopists with an array of alternatives to help improve the suboptimal efficacy of the main cleansing solutions when used alone.To aid in this clinical endeavor,a subjective grade was assigned to each adjunct to indicate its practical value.In addition,the systematic review of the currently available agents and methods provides insight into the features of each that may be overcome or exploited to create novel drugs and strategies that may become adopted as effective bowel cleansing adjuncts or alternatives.

关键词： Colonoscopy Cathartics adjuncts Purgative agents B

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The Syntactic Position of Adverbial adjuncts in Chinese

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海外英语 2014年第13期 224-225页

作者：余浩湖南农业大学外国语学院湖南长沙410128

In modern Chinese,adjuncts can be classified into adjective adjuncts(also attributes)and adverbial adjuncts(also adverbials).This paper firstly attempts for a reasonable definition and classification of adjunct in modern Chinese,then analyzes the syntactic position of adverbial adjunct,and finally tries to find a general mechanism for the position of adverbial adjunct in the phrase level and the sentence level.

关键词： adverbial adjuncts modern Chinese

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Analysis of "heh-heh "1 from the Perspective of Interpersonal Metafunction

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海外英语 2011年第15期 260-261页

作者：苏子波 The Foreign Languages Department of Hubei University of Automotive Technology

This paper attempts to analyze the function of the increasingly popular "heh-heh" by correlating it with Comment adjuncts, a term used by H.A.K. Halliday in his metafunctions. It is found out that "heh-heh" can serve as both positive and negative Comment adjuncts. Different from English Comment adjuncts, "heh-heh" may be subject to the change of pronouns.

关键词： "heh-heh" comment adjuncts positive negative interpersonal metafunction

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Chemo-profiling of eucalyptus and study of its hypoglycemic potential

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World Journal of Diabetes 2013年第5期4卷 170-176页

作者： Baishakhi Dey Analava Mitra School of Medical Science and Technology

Constant escalations in the number of diabetics worldwide and the failure of conventional therapy to restore normoglycemia without adverse effects,in spite of tremendous strides in modern medicine,calls for naturopathy and alternative medicine.Because diabetes is multi-factorial and has secondary complications,prevention of hyperglycemia is the central dogma for its management.To date,no oral hypoglycemic exists which can achieve tight glycemic control without side effects.Dietary adjuncts,lifestyle interventions and a resurgence of interest in phyto-therapy have consequently gained ground.Natural hypoglycemics have attracted attention due to ease of incorporation in everyday diet,affordability,less adverse effects,and long term safety.Ethno botanical literature reports more than 800 anti-diabetic plants species.Eucalyptus is well represented in the Aboriginal Pharmacopoeias for its various pharmacological activities.Its hot aqueous decoction has been used as a hypoglycemic in various regions of world.This editorial attempts to summarize the data on the hypoglycemic potential of the different eucalyptus species,highlight the value of its natural biomolecules for the prophylaxis and treatment of type2 diabetes,describe their mechanistic actions,shed light on the posology and safety aspects of eucalyptusand assess its applicability as a reinforcement to currently used therapy.

关键词： Normoglycemia Escalations Eucalyptus Central dogma Dietary adjuncts Aboriginal Pharmacopoeias Natural biomolecules Prophylaxis Posology

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