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More than a simple egg:Underlying mechanisms of cold tolerance in avian embryos

Avian Research 2023年第2期14卷 267-280页

作者： Ibrahim M.Ahmad Dongming Li Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyCollege of Life SciencesHebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang050024China Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment Hebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang050024China

Avian embryos,which develop within eggs,exhibit remarkable tolerance to extremely low *** being a common trait among all birds,the mechanisms underlying this cold tolerance in avian embryos remain largely *** gain a better understanding of this phenomenon and the coping mechanisms involved,we reviewed the literature on severe cold tolerance in embryos of both wild and domestic *** found that embryos of different bird orders exhibit tolerance to severe cold during their *** response to cold stress,embryos slow down their heartbeat rates and *** severe cold temperatures,embryos can suspend these processes,entering a torpid-like state of cardiac *** compensate for these developmental delays,embryos extend their regular incubation *** on their embryonic age,embryos of all bird species can tolerate acute severe cold regimes;only a few tolerate chronic severe cold *** also discussed various extrinsic and intrinsic factors that affect the tolerance of bird embryos to low temperatures before and after *** tolerance appears to be a heritable trait shared by wild and domestic embryos of all bird classes,regardless of egg size or development(altricial/precocial).Driven by environmental variability,cold tolerance in avian embryos is an optimal physiological and ecological strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of cold conditions on their development in response to fluctuating environmental temperatures.

关键词： acute cold tolerance Avian embryo Chronic cold tolerance Embryonic development Hatching success Incubation period

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