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Differences in action potential propagation speed and axon initial segment plasticity between neurons from Sprague-Dawley rats and C57BL/6 mice

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Zoological Research 2022年第4期43卷 615-633页

作者： Zhi-Ya Chen Luxin Peng Mengdi Zhao Yu Li Mochizuki Takahiko Louis Tao Peng Zou Yan Zhang State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology College of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules CenterBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Center for Quantitative Biology Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Center for Bioinformatics National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence Beijing 100084China Chinese Institute for Brain Research(CIBR) Beijing 102206China

action potentials(APs)in neurons are generated at the axon initial segment(AIS).AP dynamics,including initiation and propagation,are intimately associated with neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release kinetics.Most learning and memory studies at the single-neuron level have relied on the use of animal models,most notably rodents.Here,we studied AP initiation and propagation in cultured hippocampal neurons from Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats and C57BL/6(C57)mice with genetically encoded voltage indicator(GEVI)-based voltage imaging.Our data showed that APs traveled bidirectionally in neurons from both species;forward-propagating APs(fpAPs)had a different speed than backpropagating APs(bpAPs).Additionally,we observed distinct AP propagation characteristics in AISs emerging from the somatic envelope compared to those originating from dendrites.Compared with rat neurons,mouse neurons exhibited higher bpAP speed and lower fpAP speed,more distally located ankyrin G(AnkG)in AISs,and longer Nav1.2 lengths in AISs.Moreover,during AIS plasticity,AnkG and Nav1.2 showed distal shifts in location and shorter lengths of labeled AISs in rat neurons;in mouse neurons,however,they showed a longer AnkG-labeled length and more distal Nav1.2 location.Our findings suggest that hippocampal neurons in SD rats and C57 mice may have different AP propagation speeds,different AnkG and Nav1.2 patterns in the AIS,and different AIS plasticity properties,indicating that comparisons between these species must be carefully considered.

关键词： Sprague-Dawley rats C57BL/6 mice action potential Axon initial segment Plasticity

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Regulation of Axon Initial Segment Diameter by COUP-TFI Fine-tunes action potential Generation

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2022年第5期38卷 505-518页

作者： Xuanyuan Wu Haixiang Li Jiechang Huang Mengqi Xu Cheng Xiao Shuijin He School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China Institute of Neuroscience Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Anesthesiology Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221004China

The axon initial segment(AIS)is a specialized structure that controls neuronal excitability via action potential(AP)generation.Currently,AIS plasticity with regard to changes in length and location in response to neural activity has been extensively investigated,but how AIS diameter is regulated remains elusive.Here we report that COUP-TFI(chicken ovalbumin upstream promotor-transcription factor 1)is an essential regulator of AIS diameter in both developing and adult mouse neocortex.Either embryonic or adult ablation of COUP-TFI results in reduced AIS diameter and impaired AP generation.Although COUP-TFI ablations in sparse single neurons and in populations of neurons have similar impacts on AIS diameter and AP generation,they strengthen and weaken,respectively,the receiving spontaneous network in mutant neurons.In contrast,overexpression of COUP-TFI in sparse single neurons increases the AIS diameter and facilitates AP generation,but decreases the receiving spontaneous network.Our findings demonstrate that COUP-TFI is indispensable for both the expansion and maintenance of AIS diameter and that AIS diameter fine-tunes action potential generation and synaptic inputs in mammalian cortical neurons.

关键词： COUP-TFI Axon initial segment action potential Diameter

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action potential-simulated weak electric fields can directly initiate myelination

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Neural Regeneration Research 2008年第12期3卷 1328-1331页

作者： Lei Liu Shifu Zhao Haiming Wang Department of Neurology the 324 Hospital of Chinese PLA Chongqing 400020 China Department of Neurology Xinqiao Hospital Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA Chongqing 400037 China

BACKGROUND： Myelination is a process whereby glial cells identify, adhere, wrap and enclose axons to form a spiral myelin sheath. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of action potential-simulated weak electric fields on myelination in the central nervous system. DESIGN AND SETTING： This single-sample observation study was performed at the 324 Hospital of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS： Two 5 μm carbon fibers were provided by the Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. One Sprague Dawley rat, aged 1 day, was used. METHODS： Cerebral cortex was harvested from the rat to prepare a suspension [（1 2）× 10^5/mL] containing neurons and glial cells. To simulate the axon, carbon fibers were placed at the bottom of the neuron-glial cell coculture dish, and were electrified with a single phase square wave current, 1×10^-2, 1×10^-3, 1×10^-4, and 1×10^-5 seconds, 1 Hz, 40 mV, and 10 μA, 30 minutes each, once a day for 10 consecutive days to simulate weak negative electric fields during action potential conduction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Glial cell growth and wrapping of carbon fibers were observed by phase contrast microscopy and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： On culture day 7, cell groups were found to adhere to negative carbon fibers in the 1 × 10^-3 seconds square wave group. Cell membrane-like substances grew out of cell groups, wrapped the carbon fibers, and stretched to the ends of carbon fibers. Only some small and round cells close to negative carbon fibers were found on culture day 12. In the 1 × 10^-4 and 1 × 10^-3 seconds square wave groups, the negative carbon fibers were wrapped by oligodendrocytes or their progenitor cells. CONCLUSION： The local negative electric field which is generated by action potentials at 1×（10^-4-10^-3） seconds, 40 mV can directly initiate and participate in myelination in the central nervous system.

关键词： myelin sheath oligodendrocyte weak electric field action potential carbon fiber

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Effects of nerve growth factor on the action potential duration and repolarizing currents in a rabbit model of myocardial infarction

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2013年第1期10卷 39-51页

作者： Yun-Feng Lan Jian-Cheng Zhang Jin-Lao Gao Xue-Ping Wang Zhou Fang Yi-Cheng Fu Mei-Yan Chen Min Lin Qiao Xue Yang Li Institute of Geriatric Cardiology of Chinese PLA General Hospital 28 Fuxing Road 100853 Beijing China Provincial Clinical Medicine College of Fujian Medical University Fujian 350001 China

Objectives To investigate the effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) on the action potential and potassium currents of non-infarcted myocardium in the myocardial infarcted rabbit model.Methods Rabbitswith occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary arterywere prepared and allowed to recover for eight weeks (healed myocardial infarction, HMI). During ligation surgery of the left coronary artery, a polyethylene tube was placed near the left stellate ganglion in the subcutis of the neck for the purpose of administering NGF 400 U/d for eight weeks (HMI + NGF group). Cardiomyocytes were isolated from regions of the non-infarcted left ventricular wall and the action potentials and ion currents in these cellswere recorded using whole-cell patch clamps. Results Comparedwith HMI and control cardiomyocytes, significant prolongation of APD50 or APD90 (action potential duration (APD) measured at 50% and 90% of repolarization) in HMI + NGF cardiomyocytes was found. The results showed that the 4-aminopyridine sensitive transient outward potassium current (Ito), the rapidly activated omponent of delayed rectifier potassium current (IKr), the slowly activated component of delayed rectifier potassium current (IKs), and the L-type calcium current (ICaL) were significantly altered in NGF + HMI cardiomyocytes compared with HMI and control cells. Conclusions Our results suggest thatNGF treatment significantly prolongsAPDinHMI cardiomyocytes and that a decrease in outward potassium currents and an increase of inward Ca2+ current are likely the underlying mechanism of action.

关键词： action potential Cardiomyocytes Myocardial infarction Nervous growth factor

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Proper Understanding of the Nerve Impulses and the action potential

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2023年第3期13卷 103-117页

作者： Salama Abdelhady Professor of Energy Systems Faculty of Energy Engineering Aswan University Egypt

Neurologists define the transmission of nerve impulses across the membranes of the neural cells as a result of difference in the concentration of ions while they measured an electric potential, called as an action potential, which allows the propagation of such nerve impulses as electrical signals. Such measurements should guide them to a logical explanation of the nerve impulses as electric charges driven by the measured action potential. However, such logical conclusion, or explanation, is ignored due to a wrong definition of the flow of electric charges as a flow of electrons that cannot pass through neural networks. According to recent studies, electric charges are properly defined as electromagnetic (EM) waves whose energy is expressed as the product of its propagating electric potential times their entropy flow which is adhered to the flow of such energy. Such definition matches the logical conclusion of the nerve impulses as electric charges, as previously explained, and defines the entropy of the neural network, measured by Ammeters, in Watt or Joule/Volt. The measured entropy represents a neurodiagnostic property of the neural networks that measures its capacity to allow the flow of energy per unit action potential. Theoretical verification of the innovative definition of nerve impulses is presented by following an advanced entropy approach. A proper review of the machine records of the stimulating electric charges, used in the diagnosis of the neural networks, and the stimulated nerve impulses or stimulated responses, represents practical verifications of the innovative definitions of the electric charges and the nerve impulses. Comparing the functioning of the thermoelectric generators and the brain neurons, such neurons are defined as thermoelectric generators of the electric nerve impulses and their propagating, or action, potential.

关键词： Nerve Impulses action potential Electric Charges Entropy Electromagnetic Waves Thermoelectric Generators

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Effects of imidapril on heterogeneity of action potential and calcium current of ventriclar myocytes in infarcted rabbits

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2004年第11期 74-79页

作者： Yang LI, Qiao XUE, Jie MA, Cun-tai ZHANG, Ping QIU, Lin WANG Wei GAO ,Rei CHENG,Zai-ying LU, Shi-wen WANGInstitute of Geriatric Cardiology of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100085, China Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China

AIM: To investigate the effects of chronic treatment with imidapril on the electrophysiologic heterogeneous change of the noninfarcted myocardium of rabbits after myocardial infarction and the mechanism of its antiarrhythmic efficacy. METHODS: Rabbits with left coronary artery ligation were prepared and allowed to recover for 8 weeks. Myocytes were isolated from subendocardial, midmyocardial, and subepicardial regions of the noninfarcted left ventricular wall. action potentials and calcium current were recorded using whole-cell patch clamp technique. RESULTS: The action potential duration of repolarization 90% (APD90) was more prolonged in midmyocardium rather than in subepicardium and subendocardium with healed myocardial infarction. The transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) was increased in the three ventricular regions. The amplitude of ICaLwas enhanced but its density was decreased in noninfarcted ventricular myocytes due to increased cell membrane capacitance. The increased differences of

关键词： imidapril myocardial infarction heterogeneity action potential calcium channels

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Axonal Conduction Velocity: A Computer Study

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第1期12卷 60-71页

作者： Arthur D. Snider Aman Chawla Salvatore D. Morgera Department of Electrical Engineering University of South Florida Tampa USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology New Delhi India

This paper derives rigorous statements concerning the propagation velocity of action potentials in axons. The authors use the Green’s function approach to approximate the action potential and find a relation between ... 详细信息

关键词： Neuron Axon action potential Conduction Velocity Internode

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The Effect of Lactate on the Contractile Force of Ventricular Papillary Muscle and Cellular action potential

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中国组织工程研究 2001年第7期5卷 155-156页

作者：刘昭强朱寄天史清钊刘英杰 College of Physical Education Jimei University，Xiamen 361021China Chengdu Physical Education College Beijing Teachers'College of Physical Education

Objective To study the effect of lactate of different concentration on the action potential of ventricular papillary muscle cell (n=4) and contractile force (n=10).Method Using intracellular microelectrode technique and microtension depicting method.Result The result showed the effect of lactated solution of a certain comcentration became obvious. After perfused with lactate solution of 4mmol/L,the vilocity maximum decreased significantly (p<0.005) showed the 4mmol/L lactate solution decreased the rate of depolarization: decreased the efficency of Na＋ channel; lactate solution decreased the contractile force of cardiac muscle.Conclusion The possible mechanism was:Ca＋ influx and Na＋－ H＋ exchange were inhibited, resulted in the elevation of intracellular H＋ concentratioon;through Na＋－ Ca2＋ exchange ,Ca2＋ efflux decreased resulted in the intracellular Ca2＋ decreased resulted in the intracellular Ca2＋ overload.

关键词： intracellular microelectrode in vitro lactic acid contractile force action potential papillary muscle

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Dendritic Morphology Affects the Velocity and Amplitude of Back-propagating action potentials

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2022年第11期38卷 1330-1346页

作者： Wu Tian Luxin Peng Mengdi Zhao Louis Tao Peng Zou Yan Zhang State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology College of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules CenterBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Center for Quantitative Biology Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Center for Bioinformatics National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Chinese Institute for Brain Research(CIBR) Beijing 102206China Beijing Academy of Artifcial Intelligence Beijing 100084China

The back-propagating action potential(bpAP)is crucial for neuronal signal integration and synaptic plasticity in dendritic trees.Its properties(velocity and amplitude)can be affected by dendritic morphology.Due to limited spatial resolution,it has been difficult to explore the specific propagation process of bpAPs along dendrites and examine the influence of dendritic morphology,such as the dendrite diameter and branching pattern,using patch-clamp recording.By taking advantage of Optopatch,an all-optical electrophysiological method,we made detailed recordings of the real-time propagation of bpAPs in dendritic trees.We found that the velocity of bpAPs was not uniform in a single dendrite,and the bpAP velocity differed among distinct dendrites of the same neuron.The velocity of a bpAP was positively correlated with the diameter of the dendrite on which it propagated.In addition,when bpAPs passed through a dendritic branch point,their velocity decreased significantly.Similar to velocity,the amplitude of bpAPs was also positively correlated with dendritic diameter,and the attenuation patterns of bpAPs differed among different dendrites.Simulation results from neuron models with different dendritic morphology corresponded well with the experimental results.These findings indicate that the dendritic diameter and branching pattern significantly influence the properties of bpAPs.The diversity among the bpAPs recorded in different neurons was mainly due to differences in dendritic morphology.These results may inspire the construction of neuronal models to predict the propagation of bpAPs in dendrites with enormous variation in morphology,to further illuminate the role of bpAPs in neuronal communication.

关键词： Dendrite action potential Backpropagation Synaptic integration

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Modulation of dopamine release by action potential pattern in striatum in vivo

Modulation of dopamine release by action potential pattern i...

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中国神经科学学会第六届学术会议暨学会成立十周年庆祝大会

作者： Wang Shi-rong, Yao Wei, Huang Hong-ping, Li Bao-ming, Zhou Zhuan Institute of Neuroscience, SIBS,, CAS, Shanghai 200031 Institute of Neural Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871

＜正＞Neurotransmitter release is regulated by action potentials （APs）. AP pattern is defined by a "code function", F（n, m, f, d）. "n"= number of APs in a burst, "m" = number of bursts, "f"=AP frequency in a burst, "d"=interval time between bursts. In a previous study, we showed that, in addition to "f’, "m" can modulate secretion in isolated adrenal chromaffin cells （Duan et al, JNS, 2003） as well.

关键词： striatum in vivo dopamine amperometry action potential

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