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Alcohol-induced alterations of the hepatocyte cytoskeleton

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第11期16卷 1358-1365页

作者： Blythe D Shepard Pamela L Tuma Department of Biology The Catholic University of America

The hepatocyte cytoskeleton consists of three fi lamentous networks: microtubules, actin microfi laments and keratin intermediate filaments. Because of the abundance of the proteins that comprise each system and the central role each network plays in a variety of cellular processes, the three fi lament systems have been the focus of a host of studies aimed at understanding the progression of alcohol-induced liver injury. In this review, we will briefly discuss the hepatic organization of each cytoskeletal network and highlight some components of each system. We will also describe what is known about ethanol-induced changes in the dynamics and distributions of each cytoskeletal system and discuss what is known about changes in protein expression levels and post-translational modifi cations. Finally, we will describe the possible consequences of these cytoskeletal alterations on hepatocyte function and how they might contribute to the progression of liver disease.

关键词： Ethanol Hepatotoxicity Tubulin actin Keratin

Perspectives on the origin of microfilaments, microtubules, the relevant chaperonin system and cytoskeletal motors- a commentary on the spiro chaete origin of flagella

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Cell Research 2003年第4期13卷 219-227页

作者： JING YAN LI, CHUAN FEN WULaboratory of Cellular and Molecular Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China Department of Molecular Genetics, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA 1Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650223 China 1Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650223 China

The origin of cytoskeleton and the origin of relevant intracellular transportation system are big problems for understanding the emergence of eukaryotic cells. The present article summarized relevant information of evidences and molecular traces on the origin of actin, tubulin, the chaperonin system for folding them, myosins, kinesins, axonemal dyneins and cytoplasmic dyneins. On this basis the authors proposed a series of works, which should be done in the future, and indicated the ways for reaching the targets. These targets are mainly: 1) the reconstruction of evolutionary path from MreB protein of archaeal ancestor of eukaryotic cells to typical actin; 2) the finding of the MreB or MreB-related proteins in crenarchaea and using them to examine J. A. Lake’s hypothesis on the origin of eukaryote from 'eocytes' (crenarchaea); 3) the examinations of the existence and distribution of cytoskeleton made of MreB-related protein within coccoid archaea, especially in amoeboid archaeon Thermoplasm acidophilum;

关键词： origin actin tubulin motor proteins Bagella and cilia spirochaete hypothesis.

Biochemical Factors Affecting the Quality of Products and the Technology of Processing Deep-Sea Fish, the Giant Grenadier Albatrossia pectoralis

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2020年第3期19卷 681-690页

作者： PIVNENKO T.N. KARPENKO Yu.V. KRASHCHENKO V.V. POZDNYAKOVA Yu.M. ESIPENKO R.V. Far Eastern State Technical Fisheries University Vladivostok 690087Russia

The composition of muscle tissues of a deep-sea species, the giant grenadier(Albatrossia pectoralis), and a mesopelagic species, the Alaska pollock(Theragra chalcogramma), are compared. Grenadier is proved to have a higher moisture content(91.7%) and lower protein(7.4%) and lipid(0.3%) contents. The factors responsible for the softening and moisture separation during processing of grenadier are identified. Contents of some fractions of non-protein nitrogenous components, including trimethylamine oxide(TMAO) and free amino acids, are clarified. The proportion of the main myofibrillar proteins myosin and actin, which is considered as an indicator of efficiency of structure formation in fish muscle tissue during processing, is almost 20% lower in giant grenadier than in pollock. The effects of endogenous protease, Са^2+-ATPase and transglutaminase on the processes of autolysis, denaturation, and possibility of myofibrillar proteins cross-linking were also studied. The proposed technology of getting a nutritionally balanced, gel-like, ready-to-use foodstuff from grenadier fillet includes its enrichment with pollock muscle tissue and supplementing with a binary structure-forming agent containing collagen and chitosan. Nutritional value of the products is assessed by the method of biological assay and by determining the denaturation changes of myofibrillar proteins. The modes of fine mincing and thermal processing, as well as the shelf-life of the finished product are justified. The developed technology of producing a ready-to-eat food from giant grenadier will allow a more efficient use of this underutilized resource.

关键词： giant grenadier Alaska pollock myosin actin proteases ATPase transglutaminase softening structure formation ready-to-eat foodstuffs

The pollen tube clear zone: Clues to the mechanism of polarized growth

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第1期57卷 79-92页

作者： Peter K.Hepler Lawrence J.Winship Biology Department University of Massachusetts School of Natural Science Hampshire College

Pollen tubes usually exhibit a prominent region at their apex called the ＂clear zone＂ because it lacks light refracting amyloplasts. A robust, long clear zone often associates with fast growing pollen tubes, and thus serves as an indicator of pollen tube health. Nevertheless we do not understand how it arises or how it is maintained. Here we review the structure of the clear zone, and attempt to explain the factors that contribute to its formation. While amyloplasts and vacuolar elements are excluded from the clear zone, virtually all other organelles are present including secretory vesicles, mitochondria, Golgi dictyosomes, and the endoplas-mic reticulum （ER）. Secretory vesicles aggregate into an inverted cone appressed against the apical plasma membrane. ER elements move nearly to the extreme apex, whereas mitochondria and Golgi dictyosomes move less far forward. The cortical actin fringe assumes a central position in the control of clear zone formation and maintenance, given its role in generating cytoplasmic streaming. Other likely factors include the tip-focused calcium gradient, the apical pH gradient, the influx of water, and a host of signaling factors （small G-proteins）. We think that the clear zone is an emergent property that depends on the interaction of several factors crucial for polarized growth.

关键词： actin endoplasmic reticulum myosin polarized growth pollen tube

Explaining the “Pulse of Protoplasm”: The search for molecular mechanisms of protoplasmic streaming

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第1期57卷 14-22页

作者： Michael R.Dietrich Department of Biological Sciences Dartmouth College

Explanations for protoplasmic streaming began with appeals to contraction in the eighteenth century and ended with appeals to contraction in the twentieth. During the intervening years, biologists proposed a diverse array of mechanisms for streaming motions. This paper focuses on the re-emergence of contraction among the molecular mecha-nisms proposed for protoplasmic streaming during the twentieth century. The revival of contraction is a result of a broader transition from colloidal chemistry to a macro- molecular approach to the chemistry of proteins, the recognition of the phenomena of shuttle streaming and the pulse of protoplasm, and the influential analogy between protoplasmic streaming and muscle contraction.

关键词： actin cytoplasmic streaming history of cell biology protoplasm

Cytoskeleton and Early Development in Fucoid Algae

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第8期49卷 1192-1198页

作者： Sherryl R.Bisgrove Simon Fraser University Department of Biological Sciences8888 University DriveBurnaby B.C.Canada V5A 1S6

Cell polarization and asymmetric cell divisions play important roles during development in many multicellular eukaryotes. Fucoid algae have a long history as models for studying early developmental processes, probably because of the ease with which zygotes can be observed and manipulated in the laboratory. This review discusses cell polarization and asymmetric cell divisions in fucoid algal zygotes with an emphasis on the roles played by the cytoskeleton.

关键词： actin asymmetric cell division cell polarization cytoskeleton early development fucoid algae microtubules zygote

Acetylation of ezrin regulates membrane–cytoskeleton interaction underlying CCL18-elicited cell migration

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2020年第6期12卷 424-437页

作者： Xiaoyu Song Wanjuan Wang Haowei Wang Xiao Yuan Fengrui Yang Lingli Zhao McKay Mullen Shihao Du Najdat Zohbi Saravanakumar Muthusamy Yalei Cao Jiying Jiang Peng Xia Ping He Mingrui Ding Nerimah Emmett Mingming Ma Quan Wu Hadiyah-Nicole Green Xia Ding Dongmei Wang Fengsong Wang Xing Liu School of Traditional Medicine Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles&Cellular Dynamics Hefei National Center for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleHefeiChina Morehouse School of Medicine Keck Center for Organoids PlasticityAtlantaGAUSA Optics and Optical Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina School of Life Science Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina

Ezrin,a membrane–cytoskeleton linker protein,plays an essential role in cell polarity establishment,cell migration,and *** studies show that ezrin phosphorylation regulates breast cancer metastasis by promoting cancer cell survivor and promotes intrahepatic metastasis via cell ***,it was less characterized whether there are additional post-translational modifications and/or post-translational crosstalks on ezrin underlying context-dependent breast cancer cell migration and *** we show that ezrin is acetylated by p300/CBP-associated factor(PCAF)in breast cancer cells in response to CCL18 *** physically interacts with PCAF and is a cognate substrate of *** acetylation site of ezrin was mapped by mass spectrometric analyses,and dynamic acetylation of ezrin is essential for CCL18-induced breast cancer cell migration and ***,the acetylation reduced the lipid-binding activity of ezrin to ensure a robust and dynamic cycling between the plasma membrane and cytosol in response to CCL18 *** analyses show that ezrin acetylation prevents the phosphorylation of *** atomic force microscopic measurements,our study revealed that acetylation of ezrin induced its unfolding into a dominant structure,which prevents ezrin phosphorylation at ***,these results present a previously undefined mechanism by which CCL18-elicited crosstalks between the acetylation and phosphorylation on ezrin control breast cancer cell migration and *** suggests that targeting PCAF signaling could be a potential therapeutic strategy for combating hyperactive ezrin-driven cancer progression.

关键词： ezrin acetylation phosphorylation actin cell migration

The Effects of Electromagnetic Pulse on the Protein Levels of Tight Junction Associated-Proteins in the Cerebral Cortex,Hippocampus,Heart,Lung,and Testis of Rats

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2011年第4期24卷 438-444页

作者： QIU LianBo CHEN Chen DING GuiRong ZHOU Yan ZHANG MengYao Department of Blood Transfusion Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an 710032ShannxiChina Department of Radiation Medicine Faculty of Preventive MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an 710032ShannxiChina Department of Chemistry School of PharmacyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an 710032ShannxiChina

Objective To investigate changes in the expression of tight junction （TJ） proteins in the cerebral cortex,hippocampus,heart,lung,and testes of rats after exposure to electromagnetic pulse （EMP）.Methods Eighteen adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham and exposure *** exposure groups received EMP at 200 kV/m for 200 pulses with a repetition rate of 1 *** expression of TJ proteins （ZO-1,occludin,actin） in the several organs was examined by western *** ZO-1 levels in the cerebral cortex decreased 1 h and 3 h after EMP exposure compared with sham group （P0.05）.No significant difference was observed for occludin and ***-1 levels in the hippocampus increased 1 h and 3 h post-exposure （P0.05）,and occludin decreased after 3 h （P0.05）;however,actin was ***-1 levels in the heart increased 3 h post-exposure （P0.05）,occludin decreased 3 h post-exposure （P0.05）,and actin increased 1 h and 3 h post-exposure （P0.05）.ZO-1,occludin and actin levels in the lung decreased compared with those in the sham group （P0.05）.ZO-1 and occludin levels in the testes decreased 1 h and 3 h post-exposure （P0.05）,but actin showed no significant *** Exposure to EMP altered the expression levels of TJ proteins,particularly ZO-1,in the organs of adult male rats,which may induce changes in barrier structure and function.

关键词： Electromagnetic pulse Tight junction ZO-1 Occludin actin

Laser Stimulation of the Chloroplast/Endoplasmic Reticulum Nexus in Tobacco Transiently Produces Protein Aggregates （Boluses） within the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Stimulates Local ER Remodeling

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Molecular Plant 2011年第5期4卷 886-895页

作者： Lawrence R. Griffing1 3258 TAMU Biology Department Texas A＆M University College Station Texas 77843 USA

Does the ER subdomain that associates with the chloroplast in vivo, hereafter referred to as the chloroplast/ER nexus, play a role in protein flow within the ER？ In studies of tobacco cells either constitutively or transiently expressing ER-retained luminal, GFP-HDEL, or trans-membrane, YFP-RHD3, fluorescent fusion proteins, brief 405-nm （3-6-mW） laser stimulation of the nexus causes a qualitative difference in the movement and behavior of proteins in the ER. Photostimulating the nexus produces fluorescent protein punctate aggregates （boluses） within the lumen and membrane of the ER. The aggregation propagates through the membrane network throughout the cell, but within minutes can revert to normal, with disaggregation propagating back toward the originally photostimulated nexus. In the meantime, the ER grows and anastomoses around the chloroplast, forming a dense cisternal and tubular network. If this network is again photostimulated, bolus formation does not recur and, if the photostimulation results in photobleaching, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching occurs as it would typically in areas away from the nexus. Bolus propagation is not mediated by the actin cytoskeleton, but can be reversed by pre-conditioning the cells for 30 min with high, 40-45℃, temperature （heat stress）. Because it is not reversed with heat stress, the reorganization of the ER at the nexus following photostimulation is a separate event.

关键词： ER-chloroplast transport ER movement actin heat stress fluorescence recovery after photobleaching blue light reception.