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Coral Assemblages in the Southeastern Arabian Gulf (Qatar and Abu Dhabi, UAE): Various Stages of <i>acropora</i>Recovery a Decade after Recurrent Elevated Temperature Anomalies

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2013年第2期3卷 28-39页

作者： Kristi A. Foster Greg Foster Suaad Al-Harthi Environment Agency-Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center Dania Beach USA

This study describes the coral communities near Qatarand Abu Dhabi (UAE) ten years after the recurrent elevated temperature anomalies of 1996, 1998 and 2002 which resulted in the mass mortality of acropora spp. Data derived from photo transects taken over a four-year period were analyzed to characterize the existing coral communities, to compare these to the pre- and post-disturbance communities in the adjacent waters near Dubai, and to project the time-frames required for the communities to return to pre-disturbance levels. The massive corals, dominated by Porites spp. and faviids, showed no long-terms affects associated with exposures to the three thermal anomalies;whereas acroporids, comprising 0% - 8% of the live coral cover, were in various stages of recovery. Projections indicated that acroporid regeneration will require 15 - 32 years to achieve the ≥40% pre-disturbance area cover. The existing communities are too small in size and number to be self-seeding;thus, they are dependent upon the recruitment of larvae from remote refuges of colonies that survived the thermal anomalies. Efforts to identify these refuges and to establish appropriate multi-national conservation programs shall become critical to the future survival of acroporids throughout the southeasternArabian Gulfas the projected regeneration times exceed the periods between disturbances, which are expected to occur more frequently as a result of global climate change.

关键词： Coral Community Elevated Temperature Anomaly Mass Mortality acropora Arabian Gulf Recovery

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Unsustainable Land-Based Source Pollution in a Climate of Change: A Roadblock to the Conservation and Recovery of Elkhorn Coral <i>acropora palmata</i>(Lamarck 1816)

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Natural Resources 2014年第10期5卷 561-581页

作者： Geraldine Díaz-Ortega Edwin A. Hernández-Delgado Center for Applied Tropical Ecology and Conservation Coral Reef Research Group University of Puerto Rico San Juan Puerto Rico Department of Biology University of Puerto Rico San Juan Puerto Rico Sociedad Ambiente Marino San Juan Puerto Rico Center for Applied Tropical Ecology and Conservation Coral Reef Research Group University of Puerto Rico San Juan Puerto Rico Department of Environmental Sciences University of Puerto Rico San Juan Puerto Rico Current Address: Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental Universidad de San Martín Buenos Aires Argentina

Chronic eutrophication and turbidity are critical detrimental factors impacting coral reef ecosystems, adversely affecting their ecological functions, services, benefits, and resilience across multiple spatial scales and over prolonged periods of time. Inadequate land use practices and lack of appropriate sewage treatment can adversely contribute to increase land-based source pollution (LBSP) impacts in coastal waters and to magnify impacts by sea surface warming trends associated to climate change. Fringing coral reefs off Vega Baja, Puerto Rico, support extensive remnant patches of Elkhorn coral acropora palmata (Lamarck 1816), which was listed in 2006 as a threatened species under the US Endangered Species Act. Chronic impacts by LBSP have significantly affected local downstream fringing reefs. We characterized the spatial extent of a water quality stress gradient across 12 reefs along the Vega Baja coast through monthly measurements of multiple physico-chemical parameters. Most parameters, particularly PO4, , chlorophyll-a, and the concentration of optical brighteners (OABs), showed a statistically significant increase (PERMANOVA, p < 0.05) in waters close to the main pollution sources, but also in waters adjacent to Cibuco River effluents. Dissolved oxygen also declined and turbidity increased on polluted sites. PO4, , and chlorophyll-a, exceeded recommended concentrations for coral reef ecosystems by factors of 7 - 50 times, 600 - 1240 times, and 17 - 83 times, respectively, depending on the source of the effluents and the distance from sewage pollution sources. Also, water turbidity exceeded 4 - 10 times the recommended value for pristine coral reefs. Coral reefs showed significant decline in close proximity to the polluted zone, showing a significantly different benthic community structure (PERMANOVA, p < 0.0001) dominated by non-reef building taxa (i.e., macroalgae, algal turf) and bare substrate. Percent coral cover and abundance of A. palmata, showed a si

关键词： acropora palmata Coral Reef Decline Eutrophication Land-Based Source Pollution

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南海石珊瑚acropora pulchro中的含氮化合物

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广州化学 1998年第3期23卷 45-48页

作者：肖定军邓松之吴厚铭中国科学院广州化学研究所广州510650 中国科学院上海有机化学研究所上海200032

从中国南海石珊瑚acroporapulchro的正丁醇可溶部分获得四个含氮化合物．通过EIMS，IR，1HNMR，13CNMR和1H－1HCOSY等实验确定它们的结构为：胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷（1）；尿嘧啶脱氧核苷（2），胸腺嘧啶（3）和尿嘧啶（4）。其中，化合物（... 详细信息

从中国南海石珊瑚acroporapulchro的正丁醇可溶部分获得四个含氮化合物．通过EIMS，IR，1HNMR，13CNMR和1H－1HCOSY等实验确定它们的结构为：胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷（1）；尿嘧啶脱氧核苷（2），胸腺嘧啶（3）和尿嘧啶（4）。其中，化合物（2）为首次从珊瑚类动物中分离获得。

关键词：石珊瑚化学成分分离结构鉴定 acropora pulchro 含氮化合物动物药嘧啶

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Performance of ecological restoration in an impaired coral reef in the Wuzhizhou Island, Sanya, China

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2021年第1期39卷 135-147页

作者： Xinqing ZHENG Yuanchao LI Jilin LIANG Rongcheng LIN Daoru WANG Third Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesXiamen 361005China Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Science Haikou 570125China Fujian Provincial Station for Field Observation and Research of Island and Costal Zone in Zhangzhou Xiamen 361005China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration Xiamen 361005China

Coral restoration is becoming popular to help restoring degraded coral ***,few studies have tried to monitor the long-term recovery of coral reefs,which makes it diffi cult to assess the performance of the *** monitored the growth of three transplanted acropora corals and naturally-attached Pocillopora damicornis on artifi cial reefs(ARs)from October 2014 to September 2018 during which there were several attacks of *** show that two staghorn acropora species had the highest growth rates(11.0–12.1 cm/a),followed by table coral ***(5.6 cm/a)and ***(4.8 cm/a).A linear growth pattern was found for the three acropora species;the pattern gradually slowed in *** was a strong interspecifi c competition for space among the corals on ARs,and it led to the sharply declined occurrence of slow-growing *** colonies in *** recovery was successful at the Wuzhizhou Island and quickly increased AR ***,the ARs made of metal frames fail to resist the direct attack from a catastrophic ***,concrete and environmentalfriendly materials should be used in future *** study is the fi rst report on long-term monitoring and assessment of coral reef restoration in *** results off er future guide of reef restoration for impaired coral reefs in regions easily aff ected by typhoons.

关键词： coral restoration artifi cial reefs coral transplantation acropora Pocillopora damicornis

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How many donor colonies should be cross-fertilized for nursery farming of sexually propagated corals?

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Natural Resources 2014年第10期5卷 521-526页

作者： Kenji Iwao Naohisa Wada Aki Ohdera Makoto Omori Akajima Marine Science Laboratory Zamamison Okinawa Japan Department of Biology Eberly College of Science The Pennsylvania State University University Park USA Department of Marine Science and Resources College of Bioresource Science Nihon University Kameino Fujisawa Japan

Coral reef restoration approaches have often utilized adult colonies as sources for fragments (i.e. clones) to be transplanted. Although restoration through this method is fast and cheap, it has been pointed out that it may reduce genetic diversity of the restored population. Low genetic diversity is a concern for reef restoration when seed fragments are raised asexually from only a few donor colonies. This can lead to lower fertilization rates among seed fragments, and reducing the longterm benefits of reef restoration in particular areas. Additionally, low genetic diversity can compound the effects of increased ocean temperature and other environmental stressors, further jeopardizing the health of a reef. An alternative approach through sexually propagated coral cultures and out-plantings can alleviate this problem. Sexually produced offsprings are more genetically diverse. They can be produced in far greater numbers than coral fragments and do not imply destructive methods. Ongoing research at the Akajima Marine Science Laboratory in Okinawa, Japan has helped to improve the production and maintenance of sexually propagated larval cultures. Our results show that crosses between gametes from 6 or more colonies will provide the highest fertilization rate (>95%). Based on the results, we suggest the use of 6 or more donor colonies for practical gamete fertilization in sexually derived coral culture.

关键词： acropora Coral Farming Coral Reefs Gamete Fertilization Genetic Diversity Reef Rehabilitation

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