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Dioxin sources to the aquatic environment: Re-assessing dioxins in industrial processes and possible emissions to the aquatic

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Emerging Contaminants 2021年第1期7卷 52-62页

作者： Katsuya Kawamoto Roland Weber School of Environmental and Life Science Okayama University3-1-1 Tsushima-nakaOkayama700-8530Japan POPs Environmental Consulting Lindenfirststraße 2373527Schwabisch GmündGermany

Releases of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PCDD/PCDFs)from industrial or thermal processes to the aquatic environment are considered small compared to emissions to air ***,industrial processes have occasionally released PCDD/PCDFs into local aquatic environments..PCDD/PCDF formation and releases were re-examined based on investigations conducted before the introduction of water quality regulations in *** was given to PCDD/PCDF formation in various industrial processes such as the manufacture of acetylene and *** acetylene production,PCDD/PCDFs are formed in the oxidative process using chlorine to remove impurities,with PCDFs formed with the particular chlorine pattern with 1,2,7,8-TetraCDF,2,3,7,8-TetraCDFs and 1,2,3,4,7,8-HexaCDF as maker congeners and low PCDDs *** indicates that acetylene production residues contain *** caprolactam production,formation of PCDD/PCDFs in the cyclohexane photonitrosation process has been confirmed and the emission factor for PCDD/PCDF releases to water from for caprolactam manufacture was estimated with an emission factor for releases to the aquatic environment of 0.25±0.04 mgTEQ/t.A range of additional processes with PCDD/PCDF release were also found during the Japanese ***,the formation processes were placed in two categories:(A)chemical synthesis processes and (B)flue gas treatment of high temperature *** final effluent water met the PCDD/PCDF limits by applying advanced treatment for PCDD/PCDF removal such as activated carbon *** survey shows that industrial processes involving elemental chlorine or other processes that facilitate chlorination or use chlorinating chemicals should be assessed and controlled for PCDD/PCDFs and other unintentional POPs releases to *** such surveys,chemicals from the chlorine and organochlorine industry should also be assessed for PCDD/PCDFs and other unintentional POPs contamination as pr

关键词： PCDD/PCDF Water pollution Industrial sources acetylene manufacturing Caprolactam manufacturing Pattern Unintentional POPs

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