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accumulation of Heavy Metals in Maga-Pouss Rice Fields (Far-North Region, Cameroon) and Transfer to Rice Grains

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 311-326页

作者： Diane Madomguia Gilbert Bello Basokdou Kalieu W. Appoline Isabelle Patrice Kuitekam Dongo Edouard Nya Serge Hubert Zebaze Togouet Department of Hydraulics and Water Management National Advanced School of Engineering University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Research Center of Global Studies with Multidisciplinary Units (CREGUM) Maroua Cameroon National Laboratory of Analysis of Agricultural Inputs and Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Messa-Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Animal Physiology and Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon

Monitoring of heavy metals contamination of agricultural products and their transfer and bioaccumulation in crops like rice has become a hot topic worldwide over the last two decades. The present study was carried out to determine the accumulation of heavy metals in rice fields and their transfer to rice grains. Soil, irrigation water and rice grains samples were gathered in Maga-Pouss, Far-North, Cameroon. Concentrations of six heavy metals (lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, iron and mercury) were evaluated by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Mercury was not detected in this study. Average concentrations of metals were in this order (in mg/kg): Fe (188.60 ± 97.06) > Pb (63.63 ± 7.11) > Cd (2.59 ± 0.29) > Zn (1.10 ± 1.05) > Cu (0.80 ± 0.73) in water and Pb (105.50 ± 31.11) > Fe (105.50 ± 31.11) > Cu (45.93 ± 14.39) > Zn (22.52 ± 6.40) > Cd (3.15 ± 0.49) in soil. Water in Maga-Pouss rice fields appears to be more harmful than the soil, notably for lead, cadmium and copper. In rice grains, heavy metals were found in this order (mg/kg): Fe (188.01 ± 82.62) > Cu (27.20 ± 0.00) > Zn (23.61 ± 12.42) > Pb (19.50 ± 19.91) > Cd (2.02 ± 1.05). The mean bioconcentration factor (BCF) of metals from soil to rice grains was in the following order: Fe (2.60) > Zn (1.05) > Cd (0.64) > Cu (0.59) > Pb (0.18). From water to rice grains, the order is: Cu (37.26) > Zn (22.49) > Cd (6.97) > Pb (2.74) > Fe (1.94). Rice field pH and electrical conductivity favored the uptake of lead, copper and cadmium by rice grains. The findings of this study will be good documentation for risk assessment, and decision-making by environmental managers in this region.

关键词： Heavy Metals Rice Field Bioconcenration Factor Maga-Pouss accumulation

Effects of Environmental Cadmium on Cadmium accumulation, Oxidative Response, and Microelements Regulation in the Liver and Kidney of Hexagrammos otakii

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2022年第2期21卷 479-485页

作者： HU Fawen SUN Ming LI Li GAO Fengxiang JIAN Yuxia WANG Xue WANG Xiaolong GUO Wen Marine Biology Institute of Shandong Province Healthy Mariculture Engineering Research Center of Shandong ProvinceQingdao 266104China

The effects of cadmium(Cd)on metal accumulation,microelements contents,and antioxidant responses in Hexagram-mos otakii were *** fish were exposed to 0.2,2.5,or 10μg L−1 Cd for 12 or 24 ***,the concentration of Cd and mi-croelements(Ca,Fe,Zn,and Se)were determined in the liver and ***,the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and glutathione-S-transferase(GST),and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)in the liver and kidney were also measured.A continuous accumulation of Cd was observed throughout the experimental *** accumulation was higher in liver than that in the kidney,while Ca and Fe contents were lower in liver than those in the *** exposure resulted in a decrease of Ca and Fe concentrations in the kidney,while there was no effect on the *** and Se remained unaffected with exposure to *** exposure induced severe oxidative stress in ***,as indicated by significant induction of the activities of SOD,CAT,and GST,and a simultaneous increase of MDA *** data show that antioxidant enzymes and mi-croelements contents can be used as potential biomarkers to monitor environmental health in fish.

关键词： accumulation oxidative response ionoregulatory toxicity waterborne cadmium Hexagrammos otakii

accumulation of cadmium and copper by female Oxya chinensis (Orthopera: Acridoidea) in soil-plant-insect system

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第2期18卷 341-346页

作者： LI Li-jun LIU Xue-mei DUAN Yi-hao GUO Ya-ping CHENG Bin GUO Jun XI Yu-ying MA En-bo Institution of Soil Science and Fertilizer Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Sciences Taiyuan 030031 China College of Life Science and Technology Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China School of Environmental Science and Resources Taiyuan 030006 China

One purpose of this research is to present accumulation of cadmium （Cd） and copper （Cu） by female Oxya chinensis （Orthopera： Acridoidea） in a simulated soil-plant-insect ecosystem treated with Cd. Fourth-instar nymphs of O. chinensis had been fed on wheat （Triticurn aestivum） seedlings contaminated with Cd and Cu for one month. In the ecosystem, the Cd concentration in wheat seedlings rose greatly with the increasing of Cd in the soil, but the Cu concentration in wheat seedlings was not found elevated. There was a highly significant difference（P〈0.05） in Cd concentrations of wheat seedlings and not any significant difference（P〉0.05） in Cu concentrations of wheat seedlings. The Cd and Cu concentration in different body part-head, thorax, abdomen, and hind femur, varied under different Cd concentrations in soil. There were significant differences （P〈0.05） in the four parts of Cd and Cu accumulations with all treatments. The order of Cd accumulation was thorax 〉abdomen 〉head 〉hind femur and the Cu was abdomen 〉thorax 〉 head〉hind femur. The results indicated that Cd and Cu were accumulated from the soil to grasshoppers through the plant; that is to say, Cd and Cu in environment could be transported to animal or human via food chain.

关键词： accumulation cadmium(Cd) copper(Cu) grasshopper(Oxya chinensisi) soil-plant-insect ecosystem

accumulation of unconventional petroleum resources and their coexistence characteristics in Chang7 shale formations of Ordos Basin in central China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2019年第3期13卷 575-587页

作者： Jingwei CUI Rukai ZHU Zhiguo MAO Shixiang LI Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization & Sedimentary Mineral Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China Changqing Oilfield Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development CNPCXi’an 710018China

The Ordos Basin is the largest oil and gas producing basin in China, where tight oil, shale gas, oil shale, and other unconventional oil and gas resources have been found in the Chang7 subsection of the Triassic Yanchang Formation. However, the mechanism of formation and the distribution of unconventional oil and gas resources in the shale layers have not been systematically investigated until now. According to the type of unconventional oil and gas resources, main controlling factors, and the maturity, depth and abundance of organic matters, the shale oil and gas resources from Chang7 region are divided into five zones that include an outcrop-shallow oil shale zone, a middle-matured and medium-burial shale oil zone, a medium-matured and medium-burial in situ conversion process (ICP) shale oil zone, a high-maturity and deep-burial shale gas zone, and an adjacent-interbedded tight sandstone oil zone. By the distribution of resources, orderly evolution of oil and gas resources and coexistences in lacustrine shale formations have been put forward, and also a strategy of integrated exploration and development of resources in the shale formations is proposed. Overall, the outcome of this study may guide on the effective utilization of unconventional oil and gas resources in other shale formations.

关键词： shale formation oil and gas resources orderly accumulation and coexistence integrated exploration and development

accumulation over the Greenland Ice Sheet as Represented in Reanalysis Data

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2011年第5期28卷 1030-1038页

作者：陈琳玲 Ola M.JOHANNESSEN 王会军 Atsumu OHMURA Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 Mohn-Sverdrup Center Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center Bergen 5006 Norway Nansen Scientific Society Bergen 5006 Norway Mohn-Sverdrup Center Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing CenterBergen 5006Norway Nansen Scientific Society Bergen 5006Norway Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Swiss Federal Institute of Technology(ETH)Zrich 8092Switzerland

Annual precipitation,evaporation,and calculated accumulation from reanalysis model outputs have been investigated for the Greenland Ice Sheet （GrIS）,based on the common period of *** ERA-40 and ERA-interim reanalysis data showed better agreement with observations than do NCEP-1 and NCEP-2 ***,ERA-interim showed the closest spatial distribution of accumulation to the *** temporal variations,ERA-interim showed the best correlation with precipitation observations at five synoptic stations,and the best correlation with in situ measurements of accumulation at nine ice core *** mean annual precipitation averaged over the whole GrIS from ERA-interim （363 mm yr 1） and mean annual accumulation （319 mm yr 1） are very close to the *** validation of accumulation calculated from reanalysis data against ice-core measurements suggests that further improvements to reanalysis models are needed.

关键词： Greenland Ice Sheet reanalysis data precipitation accumulation

accumulation and Output of Heavy Metals by the Invasive Plant Spartina alterniflora in a Coastal Salt Marsh

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Pedosphere 2018年第6期28卷 884-894页

作者： CHEN Lian GAO Jianhua ZHU Qingguang WANG Yaping YANG Yang School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210046(China) Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentary and Environmental Geology State Oceanic AdministratzonQingdao 266061(China)

Spartina alterniflora is a foreign introduced species and has far-reaching effects on salt marsh ecosystems, particularly on the biogeochemical cycle of heavy metals. To ascertain whether the invasive plant Spartina alterniflora Loisel is a source of metals in the environment, we determined the bimonthly concentrations of heavy metals, chromium(Cr), lead(Pb), copper(Cu), zinc(Zn),and manganese(Mn), in the roots, stems, and leaves of S. alterniflora from a typical semidiurnal tidal zone in the coastal area of northern Jiangsu Province, China. Based on the measurements, we calculated annual metal primary accumulation and output. To calculate the annual output of heavy metals from S. alterniflora, a new method that calculates the annual rate of biomass loss and decomposition was developed. The annual primary accumulation of Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Mn was 19.08, 84.19, 63.74, 442.58, and774.66 mg m^(-2), respectively, and the annual output from S. alterniflora to the surrounding environment was 4.01, 18.09, 14.00, 97.11,and 164.28 mg m^(-2), respectively. Spartina alterniflora only provides temporary storage, and its absorption of heavy metals could be used to remediate contaminated soil and for phytomining. The heavy metals released by S. alterniflora to the environment cannot be ignored; thus, S. alterniflora should be considered a source of metal contamination. Therefore, when we evaluate the remarkable ability of certain plant species to concentrate metals in their tissues, the balance between heavy metal accumulation and output should be considered.

关键词： biomass contaminated soil decomposition litter metal primary accumulation phytomining sediment temporary repository

accumulation characteristic of protein bodies in different regions of wheat endosperm under drought stress

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第12期15卷 2921-2930页

作者： CHEN Xin-yu LI Bo SHAO Shan-shan WANG Lei-lei ZHU Xiao-wei YANG yang WANG Wen-jun YU Xu-run XIONG Fei Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 P.R.China Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences Nantong 226541 P.R. China

The structural characteristics of protein body accumulation in different endosperm regions of hard wheat cultivar （XM33） and soft wheat cultivar （NM13） under drought stress were investigated. Drought stress treatment was implemented from plant regreening to the caryopsis mature stage. Microscope images of endosperm cells were obtained using resin semi- thin slice technology to observe the distribution and relative area of protein body （PB）. Compared with NM13, relative PB area of XM33 was significantly higher in sub-aleurone endosperm region. The amount of accumulation, including the size and relative area of PB, in two wheat cultivars was higher in sub-aleurone region than that in central region at 18 days post anthesis （DPA）. Drought stress significantly enhanced the sizes and relative areas of PBs in the dorsal and abdominal endosperms in two wheat cultivars. Particularly for dorsal endosperm, drought stress enhanced the relative PB area at 18 DPA and NM13 （5.0% vs. 6.73%） showed less enhancement than XM33 （5.49% vs. 8.96%）. However, NM13 （9.58% vs. 12.02%） showed greater enhancement than XM33 （10.25% vs. 11.7%） at 28 DPA. The protein content in the dorsal and abdominal endosperms of the two wheat cultivars decreased at 12 DPA and then increased until 38 DPA. Drought stress significantly increased the protein contents in the two main regions. From 12 to 38 DPA, the amount of PB accumulation and the protein content were higher in XM33 than those in NM13. The results revealed that PB distribution varied in different endosperm tissues and that the amount of PB accumulation was remarkably augmented by drought stress.

关键词： wheat protein bodies distribution accumulation drought stress

accumulation of Sugars and Liquid in Apoplast of Fruit Flesh Result in Pineapple Translucency

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第5期13卷 576-587页

作者： Haiyan Shu You Wang Keming Li Luqiong He Lifen Ding Rulin Zhan Shenghe Chang Haikou Experimental Station Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Haikou China College of Tropical Crops Yunnan Agricultural University Puer China

Translucency is a recurring problem for pineapple industry. Translucent fruit contained more sucrose, glucose and fructose in apoplast than those in apoplast of normal fruit. There were more liquid in intercellular space of translucent fruit than that of normal flesh. The contents of alcohol and ethylene in translucent fruit were higher than those in normal fruit. Translucent fruit contained less calcium than normal fruit. Electrolyte leakage of translucent flesh was more than that of normal flesh. There were 205 proteins of which the expressions in translucent flesh were higher than those in normal flesh. Calcium-ions-binding protein EF-hand domain-containing protein, ethylene-synthesizing enzyme 1-aminpcyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase, ROS-producing protein universal stress protein A-like protein were the top three proteins of which the expressions in translucent flesh were higher than those in normal fruit. When much sugar was transferred into fruit pulp and accumulated in intercellular space, water will be absorbed from cells around and translucence formed. The accumulation of sugar and liquid in apoplast were due to that cell wall and membrane were degraded, which was from being attacked by ROS. There might be more and larger pores in cell wall and membranes of translucent flesh. These data played foundations for researching methods for controlling pineapple translucency.

关键词： Pineapple Translucency accumulation Sugars Apoplast

accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contaminated soil by Kandelia candel

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2009年第6期28卷 24-29页

作者： HONG Youwei YUAN Dongxing LIAO Dan LIU Baomin State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 China College of Environment and Plant Protection Hainan University Danzhou 71737 China

The purpose of this study was to investigate the accumulation behavior of two typical PAHs, phenanthrene （PHE） and fluoranthene （FLA）, uptaken by the mangrove Kandelia candel in various treated sandy soils. The experiment lasted for three months. Soil and plant samples were collected after 3, 6, 9 and 13 weeks of the incubation and the levels of PAHs were analyzed using a GC/MS （HP6890-5975B）. The results showed that the root accumulations of PHE and FLA were elevated with the increase of the PAH concentrations in the soil. With prolonged exposure time, PHE and FLA concentrations of the roots increased significantly in comparison with the control. PHE and FLA concentrations of root after 13 weeks of treatment ranged from 0.28 to 4.36 #g.g-1 and 0.79 to 35.76 pg.g 1 respectively. The calculated mean values of the root concentration factors were 0.58 for PHE and 0.71 for FLA. This indicated that root accumulation of FLA was greater than PHE, which would result from the higher octanol-water partition coefficient （Kow） of FLA. These results underline the ability of mangroves to remove PAHs from contaminated marine substrates and hence their potential use in bioremediation and the removal of PAHs from the marine food chain.

关键词： accumulation uptake phenanthrene fluoranthene mangrove ecosystem Kandelia candel