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Excessive Drowsiness among Truck Drivers in Benin in 2023: Associated Factors and Risk of Crashes Occurrence

Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第1期14卷 167-179页

作者： Mongbo Virginie Mobali Wilondja Célestin Kpozehouen Alphonse Department of Health Policies and Systems Regional Institute of Public Health University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin Ministry of Health Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Department of Epidemiology and Bio-Statistics Regional Institute of Public Health University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin

Introduction: Over-drowsiness is a condition with serious consequences, including road accidents. The condition, however, is often ignored both by carers as well as victims themselves. The aim of the present study was to investigate the factors associated with excessive drowsiness in Cotonou, Benin 2023, along with its influence on the occurrence of crashes among truck drivers. Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study, held from March 13 to April 10, 2023, focusing on large truck drivers over 18 years of age, selected by convenience from parking lots in and around the city of Cotonou. Data collected using questionnaires on socio-demographic and behavioral factors, sleeping habits and working conditions were processed using Stata 15.0 software. Excessive drowsiness was defined by a score above 10 on the Epworth scale. Associated factors were found by multiple logistic regression, at a threshold of 0.05. Results: Altogether 304 drivers, all male and aged 35.98 ± 8.42 years, were surveyed. The prevalence of excessive drowsiness was 29.2%. The associated factors identified were not practicing sport OR = 2.27, CI95% = [1.33;3.86], p = 0,002;sleep duration per working day OR = 1.82;CI95% = [1.06;3.11], p = 0,027 and average distance travelled per day OR = 3.40;CI95% = [1.53;7.56], p = 0,003. Excessive drowsiness was associated with a 1.73-fold increased risk of road accidents (CI95% [1.04;2.87];p = 0.03). Conclusion: Communicating excessive drowsiness and its associated factors to all the stakeholders in the haulage chain is essential to help prevent road accidents.

关键词： Drowsiness Large Trucks accidents Benin

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Spatial analysis of driving accidents leading to deaths related to motorcyclists in Tehran

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2019年第3期22卷 148-154页

作者： Soheil Saadat Khaled Rahmani Ali Moradi Salah ad-Din Zaini Fatemeh Darabi Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Social Determinants of Health Research Center Research Institute for Health DevelopmentKurdistan University of Medical SciencesSanandajIran Health Deputy Hamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran Crashes Office Tehran's Traffic PoliceTehranIran Asadabad School of Medical Sciences AsadabadIran

Purpose: Traffic accidents are one of the main causes of death and disability, causing annual deaths of 1.23 million and tens of millions injured people worldwide. Meanwhile, a significant proportion of the deaths and injuries caused by traffic accidents occur among motorcyclists. According to the world health organization's 2015 report, about 25% of deaths from traffic accidents occur in motorists. In Iran, a significant proportion of deaths and injuries result from traffic accidents among motorcyclists, especially in passages within the cities. According to traffic police, about 25% of deaths and 50% of injuries in traffic accidents of Tehran are reported among motorcyclists. Therefore, due to the importance of this issue, the spatial factors influencing the incidence of motorcycle-related accidents in Tehran were investigated using the geographic information system. Methods: The present work was a cross-sectional and descriptive analysis study. The data necessary for the study were extracted from Tehran traffic police as well as municipality databases. Zoning maps were used to display the distribution of events. In the analytical investigation, Moran index was used to determine the distribution pattern of the events, while Getis-Ord G^* statistics were applied to analyze hot spots. To investigate the role of regional and environmental factors in the frequency of traffic accidents related to motorcyclists in geographic units (Tehran 22 districts), Poisson regression and negative binomial models were used. The geographically weighted regression (GWR) model was used to analyze the relationship between environmental factors and the location of these events. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, STATA, ARC-GIS and GWR software. Results: The southern and eastern margins of Tehran are the most vulnerable areas in terms of deaths related to traffic accidents of motorcyclists. Highways are considered the location of most traffic accidents which lead to death of motorcyclists. Getis-Ord General G^*(p < 0.04) i

关键词： Traffic accidents Motorcyclists Geographic information system Environmental factors

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Analysis and identification of the hidden relationships between effective factors in the mortality rate caused by road accidents: A case study of Fars Province, Iran

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2019年第4期22卷 233-239页

作者： Saeed Lotfi Ali Reza Honarvar Saeid Gholamzadeh Department of Information Technology and Computer Engineering Safashahr Branch Islamic Azad University Safashahr Iran Legal Medicine Research Center Legal Medicine Organization Tehran Iran

Purpose: An analysis and identification of the hidden relationships between effective factors in the mortality rate caused by road accidents in Fars Province of Iran to prevent and reduce traffic accidents in the future. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to integrate all the pervious researches performed on mortality rate of road traffic accidents in Fars Province from March 21,2013 to March 20,2017. In order to reveal the relationships between the factors affecting mortality rates of road traffic accidents, the data regarding road traffic accidents extracted from resources such as Legal Medicine Organization, Traffic Police, Accident & Emergency Department, as well as Department of Roads and Urban Development of Fars Province, then cleaned and the applicable attributes embedded in the data all aggregated for further analysis. It should be noted that the data not related to Fars Province were deleted, the data analyzed, converted and the aggregation between various attributes identified. The aggregation between these different attributes as well as the FP-growth algorithm and two indexes of support and confidence calculated and interesting and effective rules extracted. In the end, several accident-p「ovoking factors, the degree of consecutive and interdepende nee of each one in road accide nts identified and in traduced. The statistical analysis was conducted by using Rapid Miner software. Results: Of the 6216 people dead due to road traffic accidents, 4865 (79.02%) were male and 1292 (20.98%) were female, 59 of them have no clear gender. The largest portion of people died of road traffic accidents belonged to married and self-employed men who collided with motorcycles in autumn. Moreover, young individuals (aged 19-40 years) w让h secondary educational level who died of accidents in summer at 12:00 a.m. and then 5:00 p.m. in outer city main roads of Kazerun-Shiraz, then Darab- Shiraz, Fasa-Darab and in within-city main streets had the highest mortality rates. Among women, the middle-aged group (age

关键词： Road traffic accidents Mortality Vehicle Fars province Iran

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The relationship between illnesses and medical drug consumption with the occurrence of traffic accidents among truck and bus drivers in Tehran,Iran

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2019年第3期22卷 142-147页

作者： Amir Hossein Khoshakhlagh Saeid Yazdanirad Fereydoon Laal Vali Sarsangi Department of Occupational Health Engineering School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Students' Scientific Research Center Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran School of Public Health Shahrekord University of Medical SciencesShahrekordIran Student Research Committee School of Public HealthShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran

Purpose: To determine the relationship of illnesses and medical drug consumption with the occurrence of traffic accidents among truck and bus drivers. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study on truck and bus drivers in Tehran, Iran. The criteria for participating in this study were: married males over 30 years old, driving license in grade one, five years of job experience, mental health and non-addiction license. The criterion for not participating in this study was the lack of cooperation in responding to the questions. Six months was spent to collect the latest five years data of driving accidents from 2011 to 2016. A total of 323 truck and bus drivers in Tehran city and the suburbs, Iran were chosen. Among them, 112 were responsible for accidents (accident group) while 211 were not responsible for any accidents or involved in an accident in the last five years (nonaccident group). A specially designed questionnaire was used to investigate the demographic information, medical drug consumption, medical backgrounds and history of accidents. Results: The results revealed that compared with healthy subjects, the occurrence of accidents among people with diabetes (OR = 2.3, p = 0.001) and vision weakness (OR = 1.7, p = 0.020) was significantly higher, while that among people with cardiac (OR = 0.5, p = 0.002) and hypertension (OR = 0.9, p = 0.048) problems was remarkably lower. Moreover, consumption of Gemfibrozil (OR = 1.8, p = 0.010) and Glibenclamide (OR = 2.2, p = 0.002) drugs resulted in significantly higher incidence of accidents than those without. Conclusion: Frequencies of illnesses like cardiovascular and hypertension were not higher in accident drivers than in non-accident drivers;but diabetes, vision weakness and consumption of Gemfibrozil and Glibenclamide lead to more traffic accidents.

关键词： Medical drugs Illnesses Driver Traffic accidents

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Typology and Risk Factors of Public Road accidents in Kinshasa with Its Two Peripheral Areas (Mongata and Kasangulu) from March to May 2017

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2022年第4期12卷 619-634页

作者： Muanyimi Bope Pierre Milambo Kapia Patrick Bope Kwete Minga Barthélémy Pembi Pembi Francy Valentine Ngimbi Nzau Munanga Arthur ISTM-Kinshasa Community Health Kinshasa The Democratic Republic of Congo PNLCT Kinshasa The Democratic Republic of Congo ISAM-Kisantu/Dressing Techniques Kinshasa The Democratic Republic of Congo

Introduction: Road traffic put people at risks and needs health education to avoid accidents and deaths. This article aimed to build up a typology of public road accidents (public road accidents) and risk factors associated with in the provincial city of Kinshasa and its peripheral cities (Kasangulu and Mongata), to identify the profiles of the vehicles and people involved in these public road accidents. Method: We conducted a prospective eco-analytical study on a stratified random sample whose size was determined by the Fischer formula. Results: Overall, from March to May 2017, we witnessed an incidence of public road accidents cases ranging from 139 public road accidents cases in the city province of Kinshasa and its two peripheral areas: road axes of high concentration: Rte Blvd Lumumba-Airport;Rte Poids Lourd-Pont Matete, the axes of medium concentration: Rte N21-IMBU, Rte Blvd 30 juin-socimat;Rte Matadi-Kasangulu toll;Rte Université-Intendance, Rte By Pass-triangle Maman Mobutu-Kintambo (Rte-Matadi)-Toll/lère virage-Triangle Maman Mobutu and those of low concentration were: Rte du tourisme/Mimoza-Mbudi;Rte Matadi-Terrain Siwabanza. Conclusion: In these areas, public road accidents are a real public health problem that deserves sustained attention from all and especially from decision makers. Interventions must concern the HVE accident complex.

关键词： Typology Risk Factors Public Road accidents

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Factors Associated with Using GPS in Road accidents at Cotonou in 2019

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2022年第12期12卷 258-270页

作者： Patrick Makoutode Alphonse Kpozehouen Gloria Laurelle Gandji Yolaine Ahanhanzo Ghislain Sopoh Regional Public Health Institute University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin

Introduction: Precise spatial location of accidents is relevant for accidentology researches or road safety investigations. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate a number of factors associated with the geolocation of road accidents in the city of Cotonou in 2019. Methods: It was a cross-sectional, retrospective study with an analytical focus. Results: This study highlighted a prevalence of coordinates of the GPS reported at 41.63% in 2019 relating to the files of accidents on public roads during the period from April 18 to June 12, 2020. The work was carried out from 384 accident files examined in the 6 districts of Cotonou selected randomly. A logistic regression made it possible to sort out associated factors with using GPS in road accidents. The final model retained through the “ascending step by step” modeling was adopted. The average age of the responsible agents in charge of the observation was around 32 years (32.13 ± 3.17). Geolocation identified associated factors were: the level of instruction with odd Ratio 2 and its 95% confidence interval f [1.02 - 2.40], the means of conveyance odd ratio 2.56 and its 95% confidence interval of [1.21 - 5.41], the severity level of the accident with its odd ratio 4.59 and its 95% confidence interval of [2.82 - 8.32], and the type of day on which the accident occurred with odd ratio 0.56 and its 95% confidence interval f [0.437 - 2.553]. As for the quality of the reported GPS coordinates, 85% of them were good quality. Conclusion: The reduction of road accidents, given its serious nature and extent, requires strategies to promote geolocation of accidents to ensure better identification of risk areas and decision-making adapted to the accident phenomenon.

关键词： accidents GPS Geolocation

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Atmosphere of accidents along the Douala-Yaounde National Road in Cameroon: Hoofmarks, Drivers, Challenges and Proactive Options

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2022年第3期12卷 323-345页

作者： Nnecdem Padison Ojuku Tiafack Geography FALSS University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Department of Geography University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon

Road transport and safety is a thorny problem in the world today following the occurrence, recrudescence and outcomes of accidents in our society. These accidents are a public health hazard and vector of underdevelopment in developing countries amongst which is Cameroon. According to the World Health Organisation, road accidents ranked 3rd in position among the leading causes of mortality in the world and caused approximately 1.2 million deaths with 50 million people injured worldwide. The frequency of accidents along National Road 3 linking Douala (the economic hub of the CEMAC region) and Yaounde (the political Capital of Cameroon) remains a thorny problem. This is because 50 % of accidents in the Southern part of Cameroon occur along this stretch of the triangle of death necessitating sustainable strategies to effectively curb the situation. Efforts both structural and non-structural have been put in place over decades by the Cameroon government, civil society organisations, Non-Governmental Organisations, local communities, and other actors to contain the situation without success. This is because the measures often target road users, the state of vehicles and repair of existing roads. Along National Road 3, the poor state of the road in combination with other risk factors has been identified as prime factors that sustain accidents. This paper argues that the frequency of accidents is high, impacts on man and property enormous and the solutions to solve the problem ineffective. The methodology used for data production exploits primary and secondary sources of data from works on road transport in Cameroon, Africa and the world to assess the dynamics, outcomes, challenges and options for road accidents control on the study site. These sources integrate field surveys, administration of questionnaires, literature review and grey data sources for their findings. The results show that until recent on some roads little attention has been paid on proactive solutions visible in other countries to combat roa

关键词： accidents Douala-Yaounde National 3 Highway Opportunities Road Transport

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Road accidents in Urban and Rural Areas

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering 2022年第2期10卷 49-52页

作者： Bruno Kinyaga Research&Consulting/The Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport Tanzania

Motorcycles transport commonly known as(Boda boda)in Tanzania has been growing up in the recently years in both urban and rural areas.Since motorcycles transport being authorized to carry passengers in the Tanzania it has been associated with many accidents resulting to large number of deaths and injuries in the country.Most of the Road Traffic Injuries victims are passengers,motorcyclists and pedestrians.Males are over represented in all causes.Most of the deceased were 18-29 years old.The major social-economic benefit of this study was to found out the main causes and measures of reducing the number of accidents associated with motorcycle transport service in both urban and rural areas.

关键词： Motorcycles accidents fatal injuries Tanzania

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AN ANALYSIS OF 281 HOSPITALIZED CASES INJURED IN BICYCLE TRAFFIC accidents

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中华创伤杂志 1998年第2期14卷 82-85页

作者：曾四清夏丽华刘筱娴时俊新余晓明赵文莲广东省卫生防疫站广东广州广东省职业病防治院广东广州同济医科大学湖北武汉

ＡＮＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＯＦ２８１ＨＯＳＰＩＴＡＬＩＺＥＤＣＡＳＥＳＩＮＪＵＲＥＤＩＮＢＩＣＹＣＬＥＴＲＡＦＦＩＣＡＣＣＩＤＥＮＴＳＺＥＮＧＳｉ－ｑｉｎｇ（曾四清），ＸＩＡＬｉ－ｈｕａ（夏丽华），ＬＩＵＸｉａｏ－ｘｉａｎ... 详细信息

ＡＮＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＯＦ２８１ＨＯＳＰＩＴＡＬＩＺＥＤＣＡＳＥＳＩＮＪＵＲＥＤＩＮＢＩＣＹＣＬＥＴＲＡＦＦＩＣＡＣＣＩＤＥＮＴＳＺＥＮＧＳｉ－ｑｉｎｇ（曾四清），ＸＩＡＬｉ－ｈｕａ（夏丽华），ＬＩＵＸｉａｏ－ｘｉａｎ（刘筱娴），ＳＨＩＪｕｎ－ｘｉｎ（...

关键词：丽华 TRAFFIC CASES INJURED HOSPITALIZED BICYCLE ANALYSIS OF AN accidents

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Magnesium alloys as extremely promising alternatives for temporary orthopedic implants-A review

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第8期11卷 2688-2718页

作者： C.A.Niranjan T.Raghavendra Madhuri P.Rao C.Siddaraju M.Gupta Vikram Kumar S.Jain R.Aishwarya Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Ramaiah Institute of TechnologyBengaluru-54India Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of EngineeringMysuru-08India Department of Chemistry B.M.S.College of EngineeringBengaluru-19India Department of Mechanical Engineering Ramaiah Institute of TechnologyBengaluru-54India Department of Mechanical Engineering NUS Singapore-75Singapore Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyMadras-36India

Mg alloys are emerging as potential and very promising alternatives for replacing permanent metallic implant materials such as steels and titanium in applications where the implants need to be removed following healing through revision surgery.Use of Mg alloys for implant application is seen as a game changer and Mg alloys are almost perfect materials for the future in both engineering and biomedical applications.Present review therefore focuses on highlighting significance of Mg alloys in biomedical field and risks of using permanent metallic implants particularly when the implants are no longer required after the injury is healed.In this review,importance of orthopedic implants in present scenario,serious concern related to accidents that are causing permanent disabilities,demand in orthopedic implant market worldwide,potential applications of Mg based materials and their compatibility in biological environment is presented and discussed.In addition,degradation rate,major reactions associated with Mg based materials and effect of alloying elements on implant performance are also discussed based on in-vivo results.Recent advances in development of Mg alloys through various techniques and their performance in in-vitro conditions are also outlined.Possible ways to eliminate the limitations of Mg alloys include alloying,melt purification,surface alterations,surface modifications,chemical treatment,secondary processing etc.are discussed.Challenges and opportunities for Mg alloys to become ideal implant material is also addressed.

关键词： accidents Fractures Burden of fracture Magnesium Ultimate alternative Degradation rate Alloying Melt purification Coating

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