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Analysis of Factors Associated with the abandonment of Nutritional Recovery among Parents of Severely Malnourished Children Aged 6 to 59 Months in the Health District of Titao, Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Nursing 2024年第9期14卷 477-490页

作者： Aminata Gansore Patrice Ngangue Birama Apho Ly Ludovic K. N’Tcha Douglas Mbang Massom Gbètogo Maxime Kiki Josiane Seu Nestor Bationo Noufou Gustave Nana Fla Koueta Institute for Interdisciplinary Training and Research in Health and Education Sciences Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Faculty of Nursing Laval University Quebec Canada Faculty of Medicine and Odonto Stomatology University of Sciences Techniques and Technology of Bamako Bamako Mali Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou Cotonou Benin Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilittaion and Social Integration (CIRRIS) Laval University Quebec Canada Faculty of Health Sciences Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Introduction: In Burkina Faso, undernutrition is a public health problem associated with more than 40% of infant and child mortality. Undernutrition management is complex, and there is often a risk of treatment abandonment. Studies on this topic have not explored the influence of environmental and therapeutic factors on parental compliance. This study proposes an analysis of factors influencing the abandonment of nutritional recovery by parents of malnourished children aged 6 to 59 months in ambulatory care. Methods: This was a descriptive and exploratory qualitative study. Data collection took place in February 2020. Data were collected from seventeen (17) participants via in-depth interviews (IDI) and direct observation. The IDIs were transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed using Nvivo software. Results: The results revealed that factors related to the physical environment, such as geographical inaccessibility, pastoral occupation, displacement at auriferous sites, and insecurity, are important causes of nutritional recovery abandonment. They also prove that factors related to the social environment, such as lack of family and social support, feelings of shame, stigmatization, occupation of the mother, and social events, lead to this abandonment. In addition, therapeutic factors such as interruptions of supplies of Ready to Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF), feeling of improvement or worsening of the state of health, recourse to traditional medicine, and ignorance of undernutrition are also associated with this issue. Conclusion: This study highlighted barriers to the abandonment of nutritional recovery among parents of severely malnourished children aged 6 to 59 months in the health district of Titao, Burkina Faso. It is more important to consider these different factors when evaluating care protocols so that policies to reduce child undernutrition can considerably impact the targets.

关键词： Nutritional Recovery Severe Acute Malnutrition Environmental Factors Therapeutic Factors abandonment Burkina Faso

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abandonment and Recovery Operation of Steel Lazy-Wave Riser in Deepwater by Controlled Vessel and Cable Velocity Rate

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China Ocean Engineering 2023年第1期37卷 29-41页

作者： GU Ji-jun HUANG Jun GAO Lei CHEN Lei-lei JIA Ji-chuan WANG Shu-jiang College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering China University of Petroleum-BeijingBeijing 102249China CNOOC Research Institute Beijing 100028China

Evaluation of abandonment and recovery operation of steel lazy-wave riser in deepwater is presented in this *** calculation procedure includes two single continuous SLWR and cable segments, which are coupled together to form the overall mathematical model. Then the equilibrium equations of SLWR and cable are established based on minimum total potential energy principle. The coupled equations are discretized by the finite difference method and solved by Newton-Raphson technique in an iterative manner. The present method is validated by well-established commercial code OrcaFlex. Recovery methods by considering different ratios of vessel’s moving velocity to cable’s recovery velocity are evaluated to optimize the abandonment and recovery operation. In order to keep the tension more stable during the recovery process, the rate ratio before leaving the seabed is increased, and the rate ratio after leaving the seabed is reduced.

关键词： steel lazy-wave riser abandonment recovery

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A resilience-based approach in managing the closure and abandonment of large mine tailing ponds

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第5期30卷 737-746页

作者： Dragan Komljenovic Lazar Stojanovic Vladimir Malbasic Aleksandar Lukic Hydro-Québec Research Institute(IREQ) VarennesQC J3X 1S1Canada Faculty of Mining University of Banja Luka79101 PrijedorBosnia and Herzegovina ArcelorMittal Prijedor d.o.o.Prijedor 79101 PrijedorBosnia and Herzegovina

Mining tailing ponds are large infrastructure objects whose life cycle spans over several *** are indispensable for certain types of mines where technological process produces and rejects *** also have potential to generate risks for human life,property and *** that reason,it is essential to adequately manage them throughout all the stages of their life *** phase of their closure and abandonment is less studied and *** paper proposes a holistic resilience-based approach for analyzing this phase of their life *** proposed methodology is validated through a case study at an actual surface iron ore mine in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

关键词： Mine tailing ponds Closure abandonment Resilience Risks Uncertainties Complexity

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Hydraulic Testing of Compacted Bentonite Used for Plug and abandonment Operations

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2019年第5期7卷 261-278页

作者： Heinz-Gerd Holl Center for Coal Seam Gas University of Queensland Brisbane Australia

The University of Queensland Centre for Coal Seam Gas (UQ CCSG) has investigated plugging wells with bentonite through laboratory experiments and with field trials. This paper presents the laboratory tests, which were used to investigate the stability range of plugged sections for later well plug and abandonment operation designs. The plugs were tested on a specially built well simulator facility at The University of Queensland (UQ), School of Chemical Engineering. The bentonite material used for the plug production was treated with water and 1 weight% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) which acted as a binder to allow the bentonite to be pressed into a cylindrical shape suitable for dropping into vertical wells. The experiments have shown that the best performing plug/casing size combination is able to hold pressure gradients of up to 5.9 bar/m (25.9 psi/ft) after 296 days of hydration before failing. Open hole simulations on the testing facility showed surprisingly high failure pressure gradients of 21.1 bar/m (93.3 psi/ft) after 146 days of hydration. The findings of this research indicate that the use of compressed bentonite is a viable method for sealing wells, whether they can be coal seam gas wells, conventional oil and gas wells, water wells, or coal exploration wells.

关键词： Bentonite Plugs Hydraulic Testing Failure Pressure Prediction Well abandonment

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The impact of land use change on soil organic carbon and labile organic carbon stocks in the Longzhong region of Loess Plateau

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Journal of Arid Land 2012年第3期4卷 241-250页

作者： LiHua ZHANG ZhongKui XIE RuiFeng ZHAO YaJun WANG Gaolan Experiment Station for Ecology and Agriculture Research Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and EngineeringResearch Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China College of Geography and Environment Science Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China

Land use change （LUC） is widely recognized as one of the most important driving forces of global carbon cycles. The soil organic carbon （SOC） and labile organic carbon （LOC） stores were investigated at arable land （AL）, artificial grassland （AG）, artificial woodland （AW）, abandoned arable land （AAL） and desert steppe （DS） in the Longzhong region of the Loess Plateau in Northwest China. The results showed that conversions from DS to AL, AL to AG and AL to AAL led to an increase in SOC content, while the conversion from DS to AW led to a decline. The differences in SOC content were significant between DS and AW at the 20-40 cm depth and between AL and AG at the 0-10 cm depth. The SOC stock in DS at the 0-100 cm depth was 39.4 t/hm2, increased by 28.48% after cultivation and decreased by 19.12% after conversion to AW. The SOC stocks increased by 2.11% from AL to AG and 5.10% from AL to AAL. The LOC stocks changed by a larger magnitude than the SOC stocks, which suggests that it is a more sensitive index of carbon dynamics under a short-term LUC. The LOC stocks increased at 0-20 cm and 0-100 cm depths from DS to AW, which is opposite to that observed for SOC. The proportion of LOC to SOC ranged from 0.14 to 0.20 at the 0-20 cm depth for all the five land use types, indicating low SOC dynamics. The allocation proportion of LOC increased for four types of LUC conversion, and the change in magnitude was largest for DS to AW （40.91%）. The afforestation, abandonment and forage planting on arable land led to sequestration of SOC; the carbon was lost initially after afforestation. However, the carbon sink effect after abandonment may not be sustainable in the study area.

关键词： carbon sequestration labile organic carbon land use cultivation abandonment Loess Plateau

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The mechanism of farmland marginalization in Chinese mountainous areas:Evidence from cost and return changes

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2019年第4期29卷 531-548页

作者： LI Shengfa LI Xiubin Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application Guangzhou Institute of GeographyGuangzhou 510070China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Farmland marginalization has become the main trend of land-use change in the mountainous areas of China. Using annual survey data of major agricultural production costs and earnings at national and provincial levels in China, this study aims to analyze the reasons and mechanism behind farmland marginalization in mountainous areas. We find that farmers on plains are able to reduce their per mu labor input effectively through intensive use of agricultural machinery, which has minimized the impact of the increase in labor price. However, it is extremely challenging for farmers in mountainous areas to use the same method owing to the rough terrain. Thus, per laborer farming area in these areas has increased relatively slowly, causing a widening gap in agricultural labor productivity between the two regions. With the rapid rise in labor costs since 2003, the marginalization of cultivated land in mountainous areas is evident. In 2013, the net profit of agricultural production in mountainous China fell below zero. Since 2000, the land-use and land-cover change in these areas was characterized by the reduction of farmland area, reforestation, and the enhancement of the NDVI value. The high correlation between the NDVI change rate and the ratio of change in farmland(r = –0.70) and forest(r = 0.91) in mountainous areas at provincial level further attests to the trend of farmland marginalization there. Finally, we summarize the mechanism of such marginalization against the backdrop of the rapid increase in the opportunity cost of farming and the rapid fall of agricultural labor forces in mountainous areas. This study contributes to a deep understanding of the development process of farmland marginalization and abandonment as well as forest transition in Chinese mountainous areas.

关键词： farmland marginalization farmland abandonment labor costs returns agricultural labor productivity mountainous areas China

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Extraction and analysis of abandoned farmland:A case study of Qingyun and Wudi counties in Shandong Province

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2019年第4期29卷 581-597页

作者： XIAO Guofeng ZHU Xiufang HOU Chenyao XIA Xingsheng Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster of Ministry of Education Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products Institute of Remote Sensing Science and EngineeringBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Rapid urbanization and continuous loss of rural labor force has resulted in abandonment of large areas of farmland in some regions of China. Remote sensing technology can indirectly help detect abandoned farmland size and quantity, which is of great significance for farmland protection and food security. This study took Qingyun and Wudi counties in Shandong Province as a study area and used CART decision tree classification to compile land use maps of 1990–2017 based on Landsat and HJ-1 A data. We developed rules to identify abandoned farmland, and explored its spatial distribution, duration, and reclamation. CART accuracy exceeded 85% from 1990–2017. The maximum abandoned farmland area was 5503.86 ha during 1992–2017, with the maximum rate being 5.37%. Farmland abandonment rate was the highest during 1996–1998, and abandonment trend decreased year by year after 2006. Maximum abandonment duration was 15 years(1992–2017), mostly within 4 years and only a few exceeded 10 years. From 1993–2017, the maximum reclaimed abandoned farmland was 2022.3 ha, and the minimum ～20 ha. The maximum reclamation rate was 67.44%m, with annual average rate being 31.83%. This study will help analyze farmland abandonment driving forces in the study area and also provide references to identify abandoned farmland in other areas.

关键词： CART abandonment reclamation farmland Shandong Province Landsat data

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An Agent-Based Assessment of Land Use and Ecosystem Changes in Traditional Agricultural Landscape of Portugal

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Intelligent Information Management 2014年第2期6卷 55-80页

作者： Lilibeth A.Acosta Mark D.A.Rounsevell Martha Bakker Ann Van Doorn Montserrat Gomez-Delgado Marc Delgado Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research PotsdamGermany School of Environmental Science and Management University of the Philippines Los BanosLos BanosPhilippines School of GeoSciences University of EdinburghEdinburghUK Land Use Planning Group Wageningen University and Research CentreWageningenThe Netherlands Alterra Environmental Sciences GroupWageningenThe Netherlands Departamento de Geología Geografía y Medio AmbienteUnidad docente de GeografíaUniversidad de AlcaláAlcaláde HenaresEspana Department of Geography Faculty of SciencesVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselBelgium

This paper presents an assessment of land use changes and their impacts on the ecosystem in the Montado, a traditional agricultural landscape of Portugal in response to global environmental change. The assessment uses an agent-based model (ABM) of the adaptive decisions of farmers to simulate the influence on future land use patterns of socio-economic attributes such as social relationships and farmer reliance on subsidies and biophysical constraints. The application and development of the ABM are supported empirically using three categories of input data: 1) farmer types based on a cluster analysis of socio-economic attributes;2) agricultural suitability based on regression analysis of historical land use maps and biophysical attributes;and 3) future trends in the economic and climatic environments based on the A1fi scenario of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Model sensitivity and uncertainty analyses are carried out prior to the scenario analysis in order to verify the absence of systematic errors in the model structure. The results of the scenario analysis show that the area of Montado declines significantly by 2050, but it remains the dominant land use in the case study area, indicating some resilience to change. An important policy challenge arising from this assessment is how to encourage next generation of innovative farmers to conserve this traditional landscape for social and ecological values.

关键词： abandonment Agent-Based Model Cluster Analysis Ecosystem and Biodiversity Land Use Change Logistic Regression Portugal Scenario Analysis Traditional Agricultural Landscape

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A Brief Analysis of Willy Loman's Tragic Fate in Death of a Salesman

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海外英语 2014年第21期 189-191,201页

作者：丁瑾中国矿业大学银川学院大学英语教研室宁夏银川750011

Arthur Miller was considered as the most famous dramatist in America after the World War II, and his representative work Death of a Salesman was recognized as the best play in America during the post-war years. It was also considered to be one of the best three plays in the history of American drama; with A Streetcar Named Desire and Long Day's Journey into *** the failure of two generations, this play addressed the painful conflicts within one family, and it also tackled greater issues regarding to Americans' national *** an average person, Willy Loman had experienced hopes and pains, struggles and frustrations as well as dreams and disillusions, at last he chose to commit suicide. Based on the existent materials, the predecessor's researches as well as her own thinking, the author of this paper gives a brief analysis of the leading role's tragic fate, which mainly elaborates three important stages of Willy Loman's tragic life: disillusion of the American Dream, the abandonment and the betrayal, aiming to decode the root of Loman's tragedy from the perspectives of society, family and the protagonist's character. In conclusion, the paper tries to explore Arthur Miller's inner world and the resources of his creation as far as possible, hoping to give readers of this paper certain inspiration.

关键词： tragic fate the American Dream abandonment betraya

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