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argon reduces microglial activation and inflammatory cytokine expression in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury

Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第1期16卷 192-198页

作者： Ulrich Goebel Stefanie Scheid Sashko Spassov Nils Schallner Jakob Wollborn Hartmut Buerkle Felix Ulbrich Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medical Center–University of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany

We previously found that argon exerts its neuroprotective effect in part by inhibition of the toll-like receptors(TLR)2 and *** downstream transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)are also affected by argon and may play a role in *** also has been demonstrated that argon treatment could mitigate brain damage,reduce excessive microglial activation,and subsequently attenuate brain *** intensive research,the further exact mechanism remains *** this study,human neuroblastoma cells were damaged in vitro with rotenone over a period of 4 hours(to mimic cerebral ischemia and reperfusion damage),followed by a 2-hour post-conditioning with argon(75%).In a separate in vivo experiment,retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced in rats by increasing intraocular pressure for 1 *** reperfusion,argon was administered by inhalation for 2 *** reduced the binding of the transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,nuclear factor kappa B,activator protein 1,and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2,which are involved in regulation of neuronal *** cytometry analysis showed that argon downregulated the Fas *** transcription factors were regulated by toll-like receptors;therefore,their effects could be eliminated,at least in part,by the TLR2 and TLR4 inhibitor oxidized phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine(OxPAPC).argon treatment reduced microglial activation after retinal ischemia/reperfusion *** quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed a reduction in the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin(IL-1α),IL-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factorα,and inducible nitric oxide *** results suggest that argon reduced the extent of inflammation in retinal neurons after ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppression of transcription factors crucial for microglial

关键词： argon ischemia/reperfusion injury microglia neuroinflammation neuroprotection noble gas SH-SY5Y toll-like receptor transcription factor

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argon mitigates post-stroke neuroinflammation by regulating M1/M2 polarization and inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2022年第12期14卷 31-45页

作者： Ke Xue Mian Qi Tongping She Zhenglin Jiang Yunfeng Zhang Xueting Wang Guohua Wang Lihua Xu Bin Peng Jiayi Liu Xinjian Song Yuan Yuan Xia Li Institute of Special Environmental Medicine Co-innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantong 226001China Stroke Center&Department of Neurology Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong 226001China Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Affiliated Nantong Rehabilitation Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong 226002China

Neuroinflammation plays a vital role in cerebral ischemic stroke(IS).In the acute phase of IS,microglia are activated toward the pro-inflammatory(M1)and anti-inflammatory(M2)***,an inert gas,can reduce neuroinflammation and alleviate ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)***,whether argon regulates M1/M2 polarization to protect against I/R injury as well as the underlying mechanism has not been *** this study,we analyzed the activation and polarization of microglia after I/R injury with or without argon administration and explored the effects of argon on NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation in microglia in vitro and in *** results showed that argon application inhibited the activation of M1 microglia/macrophage in the ischemic penumbra and the expression of proteins related to NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in *** administration also inhibited the expression and processing of IL-1β,a primary pro-inflammatory ***,argon alleviates I/R injury by inhibiting pro-inflammatory reactions via suppressing microglial polarization toward M1 phenotype and inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling *** importantly,we showed that argon worked better than the specific NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 in suppressing neuroinflammation and protecting against cerebral I/R injury,suggesting the therapeutic potential of argon in neuroinflammation-related neurodegeneration diseases as a potent gas inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway.

关键词： argon neuroinflammation ischemia/reperfusion injury microglial polarization NLRP3 inflammasome pyroptosis

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High-power microwave propagation properties in the argon plasma array

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Plasma Science and Technology 2019年第1期21卷 44-51页

作者： Yang LIU Jiaming SHI Li CHENG Jiachun WANG Zhongcai YUAN Zongsheng CHEN State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology National University of Defense Technology

The argon plasma induced by the L-/C-band high-power microwave(HPM) is investigated theoretically and experimentally. Influences of the microwave power, pulse width, polarization and the plasma electron density on the protection performance of the plasma array against HPM are studied. The results show that the effect of HPM is caused by energy accumulation, with the gas breakdown emerging only after a short time. The attenuation of the wave by the plasma array with the tubes off can reach approximately 23 dB at 1.3 GHz. It can also be obtained that the protection performance of the plasma array against the TE wave is better than that against the TM one. The plasma array shows better protection performance in the L-band than in the C-band. In addition,the attenuation of 5.6 GHz HPM can reach 30 dB when the tubes are turned on in the *** research shows that the plasma array has protection ability against HPM.

关键词： high-power microwave plasma array argon breakdown protection performance experiment

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Saturation characteristics of low voltage ionization chamber filled with argon or xenon

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Plasma Science and Technology 2022年第6期24卷 57-64页

作者： Chaozhi LI Liqun HU Jizong ZHANG Kaiyun CHEN Institute of Plasma Physics Hefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031People's Republic of China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026People's Republic of China

argon and xenon are both attractive working gas for low voltage ionization chamber(LVIC),which is a promising candidate for ITER X-ray *** this work,the performances of Arfilling LVIC(Ar-LVIC)and Xe-filling LVIC(Xe-LVIC)as well as the impacts of operation parameters were *** curves of Ar-LVIC and Xe-LVIC with pressure from 0.4 to 1.2 bar were measured with a tungsten X-ray *** minimum voltage of saturation region(V_(min))of Ar-LVIC and Xe-LVIC,the relationship between V_(min)and saturation current,the ideal operating voltage in ITER and impacts of pressure on saturation current were *** was found that Ar-LVIC had smaller V_(min)and saturation currents which decreased with the drop of pressure from 1.2 to 0.4 bar;Xe-LVIC had larger V_(min)and saturation currents which did not obviously decrease with the same pressure *** is envisaged that ITER can take advantage of the larger saturation current and lower pressure of Xe-LVIC in the non-nuclear operation phase,and flexibility of pressure and low sensitivity to neutron/gamma radiation of Ar-LVIC in the nuclear operation phase.

关键词： low voltage ionization chamber argon xenon saturation curve ITER

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The Radiation Loss of a Cylindrical Methane-argon Plasma Arc

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Plasma Science and Technology 2010年第2期12卷 218-223页

作者： B.LIANI R.BENALLAL M.LEMERINI Theoretical Physics Laboratory Sciences Faculty University of Tlemcen

Calculation of the net radiation emitted by a CH4-Ar mixture, in a temperature range of 5,000-30,000 K with the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium （LTE）, is conducted. Continuum and line emissions are taken into account. The radiative transfer of each line is calculated by means of an escape factor depending on the shape and broadening of the line. Assuming a cylindrical, homogeneous, and isothermal plasma, the net emission coefficient is calculated for different pressures between 1 atm and 10 atm and arc radia of 0 mm to 1 mm. Results show that the argon presence in the CH4-Ar mixture has a significant effect on the total radiation emitted for the temperature above 17,000 K and the results for pure argon agree with those of BAUDER and EVANS.

关键词： thermal plasma methane argon radiation loss radiative transfer equation

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The dynamics of a nanosecond gas discharge development with an extended slot cathode in argon

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Plasma Science and Technology 2020年第12期22卷 78-88页

作者： N A ASHURBEKOV K O IMINOV G S SHAKHSINOV M Z ZAKARYAEVA K M RABADANOV Dagestan State University Faculty of PhysicsMakhachkala 367000Russia Institute of Physics DFRC of RASMakhachkala 367015Russia

The article presents the results of an experimental study and numerical modelling for the formation and development dynamics of a high-voltage transverse nanosecond discharge generated by a slot cathode in an argon medium at a pressure range of 1–10 Torr. Numerical modelling was carried out under similar experimental conditions for the processes of formation and propagation of ionisation waves, electron density distribution, excited atom and average electron energy in the discharge gap, including the cavity inside the cathode. At a pressure of p=1 Torr, a classical version of a high-voltage discharge is demonstrated to take place with no penetration of the plasma into the cathode cavity and no observed hollow cathode effect. An increase in gas pressure to 5 Torr leads to a penetration of plasma into the cathode cavity with the formation of a cathodic potential drop(CPD) region. Electrons emitted from the side surfaces of the cavity pass through the CPD region without collisions, oscillate inside the cathode cavity;the hollow cathode effect is fully manifested. At р=10 Torr, the modelling results qualitatively coincide with the results at р=5 Torr;in this case, however, hardly any accelerated electrons are observed in the gap between the electrodes, due to their energetic relaxation both inside the cathode cavity and when exiting from it. In both cases, the plasma structure formed at the exit of the cathode cavity involves a concentration of charged particles an order of magnitude higher than that in the rest of the gap, leading to a self-limiting discharge current effect. The results of the numerical modelling are in good agreement with experimental data.

关键词： nanosecond gas discharge numerical simulation argon excited atoms

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Effect of Polarization in （e, 2e） Ionization of argon

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Chinese Physics Letters 2004年第12期21卷 2403-2405页

作者：胡小颖周雅君 InstituteofAtomicandMolecularPhysics JilinUniversityChangchun130012

The triple differential cross section of the Ar 2p orbital in a highly asymmetric geometry is calculated by using a modified distorted wave Born approximation method. A short-range polarization potential via density-functional theory is included in our calculations. It is shown that polarization potential is particularly important for calculations of the triple differential cross section.

关键词： argon

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Transmission properties of microwave in rectangular waveguide through argon plasma

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Chinese Physics B 2019年第3期28卷 276-282页

作者： Xiaoyu Han Dawei Li Meie Chen Zhan Zhang Zheng Li Yujian Li Junhong Wang Institude of Lightwave Technology Beijing Jiaotong University China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology

To study the impact of plasma generated by microwave breakdown on the propagation properties of microwave in high power microwave(HPM) devices, a three-dimensional(3-D) fluid model of argon plasma slab in rectangular waveguide is established and calculated by the finite-difference-time-domain(FDTD) method. A rectangular waveguide with a breakdown chamber filled with argon is set as the physics model, and HPM with frequency of 3–50 GHz propagates through this physics model. The time evolutions of the breakdown process are investigated, the reflection, transmission, and absorption coefficients of HPM are calculated, and the influences of some important parameters, including the thickness of the plasma slab and the microwave frequency on the propagation properties of the microwave are shown. Results of this work can offer theoretical instructions for suppressing the influence of breakdown to the performance of HPM devices, and for the use of microwave breakdown, such as the design of plasma limiter or absorber in HPM devices.

关键词： high power microwave argon plasma propagation properties finite-difference-time-domain(FDTD) method

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Effects of argon blowing at tundish upper nozzle on multiphase flow behavior in nozzle

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2022年第4期29卷 588-600页

作者： Xu-feng Qin Chang-gui Cheng Yang Li Wei-li Wu Yan Jin The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081HubeiChina Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for New Processes of Ironmaking and Steelmaking Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081HubeiChina

In continuous casting,the argon blowing at the tundish upper nozzle is usually used to prevent nozzle clogging,whose effect is closely related to the migration of argon bubbles and the flow behavior of the liquid steel in the ***,to investigate the effects of argon blowing at the tundish upper nozzle on multiphase flow behavior in nozzle,a threedimensional model of the tundish–nozzle–mold was established for numerical *** results indicate that the argon bubbles injected from the inner wall of the tundish upper nozzle first move downward along the nozzle wall under the action of the liquid *** the distance from the tundish upper nozzle increases,the argon bubbles gradually diffuse to the center of the *** with no argon blowing,the liquid steel velocity increases in the center of the nozzle and decreases near the wall with argon *** increasing the argon flow rate,the concentration of bubbles in the nozzle increases,and the process of bubble group diffusion to the center region of the nozzle speeds *** in turn increases the liquid steel velocity at the center of the nozzle but reduces near the *** increasing the casting speed,the concentration of bubbles in the nozzle decreases,the length of the bubble group near the nozzle wall is extended,and the liquid steel velocity at the center region and near-wall region of the nozzle *** mechanism of argon blowing at the tundish upper nozzle to prevent nozzle clogging is mainly realized by the isolation effect of the argon bubble group on the inner wall of the nozzle.

关键词： argon blowing Tundish upper nozzle Nozzle clogging Numerical simulation

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Characteristics of emissive spectrum and the removal of nitric oxide in N_2/O_2/NO plasma with argon additive

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第6期21卷 790-794页

作者： LIN Wenfeng,ZHANG Bin,HOU Wenhui,LI Dawei,YANG Hongmin School of Power Engineering,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210042,China School of Power Engineering Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210042 China. E-mail: booboo.ai@***

Although the approach using non-thermal plasma（NTP） for deNOx has been studied for over 15 years,how to achieve higher removal effciency with lower cost is still a barrier for its industrial *** order to investigate the impact of the argon additive on electron density,energy and nitric oxide reduction process in plasma,the spectrum of the dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure in a coaxial reactor was measured using the monochromater with high *** comparative experiments for NO reduction were carried out simultaneously in N2/O2/NO plasma stream with and without argon,*** nitrogen molecular spectrum which is attributed to the energy level transition（C^3πu→ B^3πg） was compared in the wavelength range 300-480 nm and the electron density and temperature were determined based on the relative intensities and Stark broadening width of spectral *** spectrum results indicated that the argon additive could enhance the intensity of emissive spectrum of plasma,thus the electron concentration as well as the energy was increased,and finally prompted the ionization rate to produce active N,O and *** results of NO reduction showed that NO conversion effciency increased in the range of 10%-30% with 5% addition of argon in stream comparing with the condition without argon *** study will play a positive role in the industrial application of dielectric barrier discharge deNOx reactor.

关键词： argon emissive spectrum nitric oxide non-thermal plasma

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