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SCARE and power attack on aes-like block ciphers with secret S-box

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2022年第4期16卷 161-172页

作者： Xin Liu An Wang Liehuang Zhu Yaoling Ding Zeyuan Lyu Zongyue Wang School of Computer Science&Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China State Key Laboratory of Cryptology P.O.Box 5159Beijing100878China

Despite Kerckhoff’s principle,there are secret ciphers with unknown components for diplomatic or military *** side-channel analysis of reverse engineering(SCARE)is developed for analyzing secret *** the side-channel leakage,SCARE attacks enable the recovery of some secret parts of a cryptosystem,e.g.,the substitution box ***,based on idealized leakage assumption,most of these attacks have a few limitations on prior knowledge or *** this paper,we focus on aes-like block ciphers with a secret S-box and demonstrate an attack which recovers both the secret key and the secret *** the one hand,the key is recovered under profiled circumstance by leakage analysis and collision *** the other hand,the SCARE attack is based on mathematical *** relies on Hamming weight of MixColumns intermediate results in the first round,which can restore the secret *** are performed on real power traces from a software implementation of aes-like block ***,we evaluate the soundness and efficiency of our method by simulations and compare with previous *** method has more advantages in intermediate results location and the required number of *** simulated traces with gaussian noise,our method requires 100000 traces to fully restore the secret S-box,while the previous method requires nearly 300000 traces to restore S-box.

关键词： cryptography SCARE side-channel analysis aes secret S-box

Non-Existence of One-Byte Active Impossible Differentials for 5-Round aes in the Master-Key Setting

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2023年第3期36卷 1336-1350页

作者： YAN Xueping TAN Lin QI Wenfeng PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University Zhengzhou 450000China

Impossible differential cryptanalysis is an important approach to evaluate the security of block ciphers. In EUROCRYPT 2016, Sun, et al. proved that there exists no impossible differential longer than four rounds for the aes structure where S-boxes are arbitrary. In DCC 2019, Wang,et al. proved that any differential is possible for 5-round aes, assuming that the round keys are independent and uniformly random. In ASIACRYPT 2020, Hu, et al. used automatic search to show that there exists no one-byte active impossible differential for 5-round aes-128 considering the relations of 3-round keys. By algebraic methods, this paper theoretically proves that there exists no one-byte active impossible differential for 5-round aes even considering the relations of all round keys. Firstly,the authors prove the independence of ten bytes in the consecutive four round keys under the key schedule of aes-128. Then 5-round aes is decomposed to three subfunctions and the propagations of the considered differences in these subfunctions are discussed. Finally, the authors prove that the considered differential trails can be connected by the ten bytes of round keys. Furthermore, for any given one-byte active differential, there are at least 2^(51) master keys such that the differential is possible for 5-round aes-128.

关键词： aes impossible differential key schedule master-key setting

Implementation of an 8-bit bit-slice aes S-box with rapid single flux quantum circuits

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Chinese Physics B 2022年第9期31卷 604-610页

作者： Ruo-Ting Yang Xin-Yi Xue Shu-Cheng Yang Xiao-Ping Gao Jie Ren Wei Yan Zhen Wang State Key Laboratory of Functional Material for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics(CENSE) Shanghai 200050China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Software and Microelectronics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Rapid single flux quantum(RSFQ)circuits are a kind of superconducting digital circuits,having properties of a natural gate-level pipelining synchronous sequential circuit,which demonstrates high energy efficiency and high throughput *** find that the high-throughput and high-speed performance of RSFQ circuits can take the advantage of a hardware implementation of the encryption algorithm,whereas these are rarely applied to this *** the available encryption algorithms,the advanced encryption standard(aes)algorithm is an advanced encryption standard *** is currently the most widely used symmetric cryptography *** this work,we aim to demonstrate the SubByte operation of an aes-128 algorithm using RSFQ circuits based on the SIMIT Nb0_(3) *** design an aes S-box circuit in the RSFQ logic,and compare its operational frequency,power dissipation,and throughput with those of the CMOS-based circuit post-simulated in the same *** complete RSFQ S-box circuit costs a total of 42237 Josephson junctions with nearly 130 Gbps throughput under the maximum simulated frequency of 16.28 *** analysis shows that the frequency and throughput of the RSFQ-based S-box are about four times higher than those of the CMOS-based ***,we design and fabricate a few typical modules of the *** measurements demonstrate the correct functioning of the modules in both low and high frequencies up to 28.8 GHz.

关键词： RSFQ aes S-box hardware implementation

One aes S-box to increase complexity and its cryptanalysis

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2007年第2期18卷 427-433页

作者： Liu Jingmei Wei Baodian Wang Xinmei National Key Lab. of Integrated Service Networks Xidian Univ. Xi'an 710071 P.R. China Information Science and Technology School of Sun Yat-sen Univ. Guangzhou 510275 P.R. China

It is well known that the algebraic expression of aes S-box is very simple and only 9 terms are involved. Hence, aes security is suspected although there is no vulnerability on it so far. To eliminate the weakness of extremely small terms in the algebraic expression of aes S-box, one improved aes S-box is proposed, which preserves the algebraic degree invariable but significantly increases the number of its algebraic expression terms from 9 to 255. At the same times Boolean function has good characters in balance and strict avalanche criterion （SAC）, etc. Finally, it is proved that the improved aes S-box scheme is secure against the powerful known differential and linear cryptanalysis.

关键词： aes Sbox Strict avalanche criterion.

Single key recovery attacks on reduced aes-192 and Kalyna-128/256

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2017年第9期60卷 293-304页

作者： Gaoli WANG Chunbo ZHU School of Computer Science and Technology Donghua University School of Computer Science and Software Engineering East China Normal University

Dear editor,We re-evaluate the securities of reduced aes-192and Kalyna-128/256 against key recovery attack in the single-key *** meet-in-the-middle attack(MIMT)was first introduced into the analysis of aes by Demirci and Sel?cuk[1]at *** main idea was to set up a precomputation table for an ordered sequence of ***,ref.[2]showed that the storage of this table could be further reduced if one considered the

关键词： aes Single key recovery attacks on reduced aes-192 and Kalyna-128/256 Figure pair

Low-power and area-optimized VLSI implementation of aes coprocessor for Zigbee system

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2009年第3期16卷 89-94页

作者： LI Zhen-rong ZHUANG Yi-qi ZHANG Chao JIN Gang Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Wide Band-Gap Semiconductor Materials and Devices Xidian University Xi'an 710071 China

A low-power and low-cost advanced encryption standard （aes） coprocessor is proposed for Zigbee system-on-a-chip （SoC） design. The cost and power consumption of the proposed aes coprocessor are reduced considerably by optimizing the architectures of SubBytes/InvSubBytes and MixColumns/InvMixColumns, integrating the encryption and decryption procedures together by the method of resource sharing, and using the hierarchical power management strategy based on finite state machine （FSM） and clock gating （CG） technologies. Based on SMIC 0.18 μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor （CMOS） technology, the scale of the aes coprocessor is only about 10.5 kgate, the corresponding power consumption is 69.1 μW/MHz, and the throughput is 32 Mb/s, which is reasonable and sufficient for Zigbee system. Compared with other designs, the proposed architecture consumes less power and fewer hardware resources, which is conducive to the Zigbee system and other portable devices.

关键词： Zigbee aes architecture encryption decryption application specific integrated circuit (ASIC)

Audio steganography with aes for real-time covert voice over internet protocol communications

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2014年第3期57卷 76-89页

作者： TANG ShanYu JIANG YiJing ZHANG LiPing ZHOU ZhangBing School of Computer Science China University of Geosciences School of Information Engineering China University of Geosciences

As a popular real-time service on the Internet,Voice over Internet Protocol(VoIP)communication attracts more and more attention from the researchers in the information security *** this study,we proposed a VoIP steganographic algorithm with variable embedding capacities,incorporating aes and key distribution,to realize a real-time covert VoIP *** covert communication system was implemented by embedding a secret message encrypted with symmetric cryptography aes-128 into audio signals encoded by PCM *** the beginning of each VoIP call,a symmetric session key(SK)was assigned to the receiver with a session initiation protocol-based authentication *** secret message was encrypted and then embedded into audio packets with diferent embedding algorithms before sending them,so as to meet the realtime requirements of VoIP *** each audio packet,the embedding capacity was calculated according to the specific embedding algorithm *** encryption and embedding processes were almost *** time cost of encryption was so short that it could be *** a result of aes-based steganography,observers could not detect the hidden message using simple statistical *** the receiving end,the corresponding algorithm along with the SK was employed to retrieve the original secret message from the audio *** evaluation with state-of-the-art network equipment and security tests conducted using the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon method indicated that the proposed steganographic algorithm is secure,efective,and robust.

关键词： VoIP steganography aes covert communication Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon

Ultra-low power S-Boxes architecture for aes

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2008年第1期15卷 112-117页

作者： XING Ji-peng ZOU Xue-cheng GUO Xu Research Center for VLSI and Systems Department of Electronic Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China

It is crucial to design energy-efficient advanced encryption standard （aes） cryptography for low power embedded systems powered by limited battery. Since the S-Boxes consume much of the total aes circuit power, an efficient approach to reducing the aes power consumption consists in reducing the S-Boxes power consumption. Among various implementations of S-Boxes, the most energy-efficient one is the decoder-switchencoder （DSE） architecture. In this paper, we refine the DSE architecture and propose one faster, more compact S-Boxes architecture of lower power： an improved and full-balanced DSE architecture. This architecture achieves low power consumption of 68 μW at 10 MHz using 0.25 ktm *** UMC CMOS technology. Compared with the original DSE S-Boxes, it further reduces the delay, gate count and power consumption by 8%, 14% and 10% respect/vely. At the sane time, simulation results show that the improved DSE S-Boxes has the best performance among various S-Boxes architectures in terms of power-area product and power-delay product, and it is optimal for implementing low power aes cryptography.

关键词： aes S-Boxes DSE cryptography low power

A quantum circuit design of aes requiring fewer quantum qubits and gate operations

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Frontiers of physics 2022年第4期17卷 99-105页

作者： Ze-Guo Wang Shi-Jie Wei Gui-Lu Long State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences Beijing 100193China Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology and School of Information Tsinghua University Beijing 100084China Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information Beijing 100084China

Advanced Encryption Standard(aes)is one of the most widely used block ciphers nowadays,and has been established as an encryption standard in *** we design aes-128 and the sample-aes(S-aes)quantum circuits for *** the quantum circuit of aes-128,we perform an affine transformation for the SubBytes part to solve the problem that the initial state of the output qubits in SubBytes is not the|0⟩⊗8 *** that,we are able to encode the new round sub-key on the qubits encoding the previous round sub-key,and this improvement reduces the number of qubits used by 224 compared with Langenberg et al.’s *** S-aes,a complete quantum circuit is presented with only 48 qubits,which is already within the reach of existing noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers.

关键词： aes S-aes quantum circuit quantum attack