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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2014年第4期5卷 332-339页

作者： Fiorenzo Santoleri Paola Sorice Ruggero Lasala Alberto Costantini Hospital Pharmacy General Hospital of Pescara Pescara Italy

Introduction: Liraglutide and Exenatide are used in adults who are affected by type-2 diabetes to control their blood glucose level. They are administered by the patients by subcutaneous injection, Liraglutide once a day while Exenatide twice a day. The aim of this study was to evaluate medication adherence and persistence of treatment with Liraglutide and Exenatide with a new strategy of calculation also giving economic evaluations on therapy costs for Received Daily Dose. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, we took into account 16 months from 1st September 2011 to 31st December 2012. Treatment adherence was quantified utilizing the ratio between RDD and Prescribed Daily Dose (PDD). Persistence is calculated into account the actual therapy days, comparing posology with supplied dose and the graph is drawn using Kaplan-Meir method. Results: The number of patients studied for Liraglutide was 114 and 220 and 58 and 60 for Exenatide respectively in 2011 and 2012. adherence to therapy, calculated as the ratio between RDD and PDD, in 2011 was 0.93 for Exenatide and 0.87 for Liraglutide, while in 2012 it was 0.94 and 0.90 for Liraglutide and Exenatide, respectively. The cost per day of therapy (cost per RDD) for Liraglutide was €2.88 and €2.78 and for Exenatide was €2.37 and €2.48 in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Conclusion: The dosage regimen, therefore, plays an important role in improving the medication adherence.

关键词： Type-2 Diabetes Received Daily Dose Prescribed Daily Dose Medication adherence and Persistence

Factors Influencing adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV Positive Adolescents at Adult Infectious Diseases Center in Lusaka, Zambia

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Open Journal of Nursing 2019年第4期9卷 458-480页

作者： Harrison C. Namoomba Marjory Kabinga Makukula Maureen M. Masumo Department of Basic and Clinical Nursing Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia

Background: Non-adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy leads to drug resistance, treatment failure and increased morbidity and mortality among HIV positive adolescents. The aim of this study was to assess factors influencing adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy among HIV positive adolescents at Adult Infectious Disease Center in Lusaka, Zambia. Methodology: A descriptive quantitative cross sectional study was conducted on 173 adolescent respondents on antiretroviral therapy who were selected using a systematic random sampling method. Data was collected using the questionnaires with the adopted Morisky drug adherence scale and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software, version 20. Chi square, fishers’ exact statistical tests and the binary logistic regression model were used to determine true predictors and to adjust confounders of adherence. The cut off point for statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: This study established that 76 (43.9%) of the respondents were non-adherent to their antiretroviral therapy. Knowledge of HIV and disease progression was reported to be low but had no statistical impact on antiretroviral therapy adherence. Stigmatization was high (99 (57.2%)) but did not significantly influence adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy on the study participants. Factors which were found to be statistically significant to adherence to therapy when a binary logistic regression was performed were experiencing side effects to therapy (p-value 0.047, odds ratio = 0.412);understanding reason for taking combination antiretroviral therapy (p-value 0.006, odds ratio = 5.978) and being reminded to take drugs (p-value 0.006, odds ratio = 0.505). Conclusion: The study found that there was high level of non-adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy which could subsequently lead to increased treatment failure. More studies on factors influencing non-adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy ne

关键词： adherence Antiretroviral Drugs Knowledge

Quality of DOTS adherence Counselling among Hospitalized Tuberculosis Patients

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2019年第2期7卷 77-94页

作者： Shikongo IN Taati Francis Kalemeera Dan Kibuule School of Pharmacy Faculty of Health Sciences University of Namibia Windhoek Namibia

Setting: Non-adherence to tuberculosis treatment is a risk factor for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). In 2015, 480,000 cases of MDR-TB were notified worldwide, leading to 250,000 deaths. Aim: The quality of the Directly Observed Treatment (DOT) adherence counselling among patients with drug resistant and sensitive was assessed. Methods: A hospital based crossectional analytical study was conducted at the national TB hospital in Windhoek among patients with MDR-TB and drug susceptible TB (DS-TB). The quality of adherence counselling was assessed against the WHO counselling guidelines using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Quality was measured by completeness, duration and frequency of the adherence counselling sessions or program as well as patient satisfaction and preferences. Quantitative and qualitative data were by descriptive statistics in SPSS v23 and thematic analysis respectively. Results: Of the 50 patients, 60% were male, 76% were aged Conclusions: The quality of DOT adherence counselling among hospitalized TB patients is sub-optimal. There is need for a standard operating procedure and guidelines for effective adherence counselling among TB patients to optimize treatment outcomes.

关键词： Quality Dots adherence Counselling Namibia

Ultrastructural Analysis of in Vitro adherence and Production of Acid Proteases by Clinical Isolates of <i>Candida parapsilosis</i>Sensu Stricto Following Growth in the Presence of Keratinous Substrates from Human Source

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Advances in Microbiology 2013年第8期3卷 1-6页

作者： Ana Flávia L. Specian Luciana Furlaneto-Maia Célia G. T. J. Andrade Marcia Cristina Furlaneto Department of Microbiology Paraná State University at Londrina Londrina Brazil Electronic Microscopy and Microanalysis Laboratory Paraná State University at Londrina Londrina Brazil Technological Federal University of Paraná Londrina Brazil

Candida parapsilosis is an increasingly important human pathogen. However, little is known about its potential to cause disease. The aims of the present study were to analyse the production of acid proteinases by clinical isolates of C. parapsilosis in the presence of different keratinous substrates from human sources (stratum corneum, nail and hair) and to verify the capability of yeast cells to adhere and grow as biofilm on these substrates. By scanning electron microscopy, it was observed that all C. parapsilosis sensu stricto isolates adhered to the keratinous substrates. For the isolate recovered from onychomycosis, the cell population attached to stratum corneum and hair keratin consisted mainly of blastoconidia. Differently, on nail keratin, pseudohyphae production was observed. Overall, there was a loose association between yeast cells and keratinous substrates. However, on stratum corneum, flocculent extracellular material was seen evolving cells from the onychomycosis isolate by forming a biofilm-like structure. The isolates recovered from onychomycosis and cutaneous lesion produced higher amount of acid proteinases in medium supplemented with nail keratin and stratum corneum keratin, respectively, than that in salt medium (absence of keratin). Furthermore, no differences were observed in the amount of acid proteinases produced by the isolate recovered from tracheal secretion in the media tested (absence and presence of keratin substrates). The information derived from this study will further our understanding of acid proteinase production by C. parapsilosis isolates and provide an insight into pathogenic mechanisms in C. parapsilosis particularly from isolates recovered from superficial mycoses.

关键词： adherence Keratinic Substrates SEM Acid Proteinase

Improving adherence to Prescribed Antidiabetics and Cardiovascular Medications in Primary Health Care Centers in Nyala City, South Darfur State-Sudan

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2013年第9期4卷 701-709页

作者： Ahmed Dahab Ahmed Asim Ahmed Elnour Mirghani Abd Elrahman Yousif Farah Hamad Farah Hasab Alrasoul Akasha Ahmed Osman Abobakr Abasaeed College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Ajman University of Sciences and Technology Ajman UAE College of Pharmacy Clinical Pharmacy Taif University Taif KSA Consultant Clinical Pharmacist Al Ain Hospital Abu Dhabi Health Services Company (SEHA) Al Ain UAE Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine and Health Sciences UAE University Al Ain UAE Revolving Drug Fund (RDF) Ministry of Health (MOH) Nyala Sudan Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy Gezira University Medani Sudan Social and Clinical Pharmacy Department Faculty of Pharmacy Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic Registration and Drug Control Department Ministry of Health Abu Dhabi UAE. The Epidemiological Laboratory (Epi-Lab) Khartoum Sudan

Aims: Prospective pharmacist’s interventions aimed to improve patient’s knowledge and behaviors to adhere to medications in patients with type 2 diabetes with or without cardiovascular medical conditions in primary health care (PHCs) centers in Nyala city, South Darfur State, Sudan. Methodology and Materials: 300 patients were enrolled for assessing adherence with the Brief Medication Questionnaire (BMQ) in ten PHCs in Nyala city. We assessed patients’ responses to BMQ pre-and post-interventions plan by: complex interventions, humanitarianism and disease outcomes determined by health-related outcomes (SF-36), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood pressure. Results: BMQ scores have improved significantly in four screens (pre-and post-interventions): regimen [4.6 ± 0.2 to 1.8 ± 0.1;P = 0.001], belief [1.6 ± 0.3 to 0.3 ± 0.3;P = 0.007], recall [1.7 ± 0.2 to 0.6 ± 0.2;P = 0.043] and access screens [1.8 ± 0.1 to 0.4 ± 0.1;P = 0.005];which have indicated an improved patients’ adherence to medications. Percentage of subjects reaching target of post prandial blood glucose (PPBG) have increased from 28.0% to 49.3%;[P = 0.02] post interventions. PPBG mean values have decreased significantly from [11.1 ± 0.6 mmol/L to 8.1 ± 0.8 mmol/L;

关键词： adherence Darfur Medications Nyala PHCs Sudan

Patient and Health System Factors Associated with First Line Tuberculosis Treatment adherence, 2009-2014

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2022年第4期10卷 220-229页

作者： Gifty Adu Bernice N. Harris Andy Beke School of Health Systems and Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa

Background: The prevalence and incidence rate of tuberculosis remains high although the disease is known to be almost always curable provided the patient adheres to the treatment regimen. This study assessed the strength of association between known patient and health system factors associated with first line tuberculosis treatment adherence. Methods: A quantitative cross sectional study. Retrospective chart reviews were conducted among 570 persons who had primary tuberculosis and received first line treatment at a health facility within the Nkangala district, Mpumalanga province and who had a treatment outcome recorded between 1st January 2009 and 31st December 2014. adherence to first line tuberculosis treatment was defined as taking ≥80% of tuberculosis prescribed drugs within a period of 6 to 8 months. Stata software (logistic regressions model) was used to analyze results and find the strength of association between known factors and treatment adherence. Results: Out of the 570 study participants, 473 were adherent and 96 were not adherent. There was a statistically significant association between age 18 years and above (OR: 1.02, P-value: 0.027), sex (lower in males OR: 0.44, P-value: 0.001) and support (OR: 3.04, P-value: 0.05) and HIV (OR: 1, P-value: 0.634) and first line TB treatment adherence. Conclusion and Recommendation: >80% adherence to first line tuberculosis outcome is possible. The support given to people with tuberculosis will further enhance adherence to first line tuberculosis treatment.

关键词： adherence First-Line Tuberculosis Treatment Non-adherence Health System Factors Patient

THE adherence OF CARIOGENIC BACTERIA TO PELLICLE FORMED IN VITRO FROM MIXED AND DELIPIDATED SALIVA

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Academic Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University 2002年第2期14卷 121-123,176页

作者： Tao Hong(陶洪) Hou Tiezhou(侯铁舟) Ruan Meisheng(阮梅生) Si Lüsheng(司履生) Wang Yili(王一理) Department of Stomatology First Hospital of Xi''an Jiaotong University Xi''an 710061China. Department of Oralmedicine Stomatology School of Xi''an Jiaotong University Department of Oralmedicine Stomatology School of Xi''an Jiaotong University Institute of ImmunopathologyLife School of Xi''an Jiaotong University Institute of ImmunopathologyLife School of Xi''an Jiaotong University

Objective To study the influence of salivary lipids on the adherence of cariogenic bacteria (*** Ingbritt and BF; *** OMZ176 and 6715). Methods Mixed saliva was collected from 10 healthy subjects (5 males and 5 females, aged 21～23). The salivary lipids was depleted under nondenatural condition (-10℃, ethanol∶ether 3∶2 V∶V ). The adherence of *** and *** to the experimental pellicles formed from mixed saliva or lipids-depleted saliva was investigated with 3H-TdR incorperation assay. Results The amount of *** Ingbritt and BF adhered to lipids-depleted pellicle were significantly increased ( P BF>OMZ176>6715. Conclusion Salivary lipids significantly decreased the number of *** adhered to pellicle.

关键词： salivary lipids cariogenic bacteria bacteria adherence

Impact of partial reimbursement on hepatitis B antiviral utilization and adherence

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第32期21卷 9588-9597页

作者： Qian Qiu Xiao-Wan Duan Yan Li Li-Kun Yang Yu Chen Hui Li Zhong-Ping Duan Li Wang Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College Liver Center Beijing You’an Hospital of Capital Medical University

AIM: To determine the impact of partial reimbursement for antivirals on antiviral utilization and adherence for chronic hepatitis B ***: This was a retrospective cohort study. Two separate cohorts were enrolled, including 14163 and 16288 chronic hepatitis B outpatients, respectively. These patients were referred to Beijing You'an Hospital before and after the new partial reimbursement for antivirals, which was implemented on July 1, 2011. Demographic characteristics(including medical insurance status), routine biochemical, virological and serology laboratory test results, and antiviral agents' prescriptioninformation were collected from an electronic database. Patients were also defined as new and existing patients according to treatment history. Antiviral utilization, medication possession ratio and persistence rate were calculated and compared among the patients with different characteristics. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 212 randomly sampled outpatients from the same hospital to confirm the validity of the electronic database. Propensity score matching was used to adjust the distribution of patient's characteristics which may influence the antiviral utilization. χ2 test or ANOVA was adopted and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with antiviral utilization and good adherence. RESULTS: A total of 13364 outpatients from each cohort were enrolled after the propensity score matching. The antiviral utilization rate for the insured patients increased from 57.4% to 75.9%(P < 0.0001) after the reimbursement, and the rate among those who paid out-of-pocket increased from 54.9% to 56.7%(P = 0.028). Approximately 71% of the patients had a medication possession ratio of more than 80% in each cohort before reimbursement. This increased to 79.2% and 73.1% for insured patients and those who paid out-of-pocket, respectively(P < 0.0001). Insured patients and those who paid out-of-pocket had the similar persisten

关键词： Antiviral therapy adherence Chronic hepatitis B Co

Low rates of adherence for tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors in Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis: Results of a systematic review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第27期19卷 4344-4350页

作者： Herma H Fidder Maartje MJ Singendonk Mike van der Have Bas Oldenburg Martijn GH van Oijen Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Medical Center Utrecht

AIM:To investigate adherence rates in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-inhibitors in Crohn's disease (CD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by systematic review of medical literature. METHODS:A structured search of PubMed between 2001 and 2011 was conducted to identify publications that assessed treatment with TNF-α inhibitors providing data about adherence in CD and RA. Therapeutic agents of interest where adalimumab, infliximab and etanercept, since these are most commonly used for both diseases. Studies assessing only drug survival or continuation rates were excluded. Data describing adherence with TNF-α inhibitors were extracted for each selected study. Given the large variation between definitions of measurement of adherence, the definitions as used by the authors where used in our calculations. Data were tabulated and also presented descriptively. Sample size-weighted pooled proportions of patients adherent to therapy and their 95%CI were *** compare adherence between infliximab, adalimumab and etanercept, the adherence rates where graphed alongside two axes. Possible determinants of adherence were extracted from the selected studies and tabulated using the presented OR. RESULTS:Three studies on CD and three on RA were identified, involving a total of 8147 patients (953 CD and 7194 RA). We identified considerable variation in the definitions and methodologies of measuring adherence between studies. The calculated overall sample size-weighted pooled proportion for adherence to TNF-α inhibitors in CD was 70% (95%CI:67%-73%) and 59% in RA (95%CI:58%-60%). In CD the adherence rate for infliximab (72%) was highercompared to adalimumab (55%), with a relative risk of 1.61 (95%CI:1.27-2.03), whereas in RA adherence for adalimumab (67%) was higher compared to both infliximab (48%) and etanercept (59%), with a relative risk of 1.41 (95%CI:1.3-1.52) and 1.13 (95%CI:1.10-1.18) respectively. In comparative studies in RA adherence to infliximab was better than etanerce

关键词： adherence Tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors Systematic review Crohn’s disease Rheumatoid arthritis

Saul Bellow's adherence and Breakthrough to Jewish Tradition

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海外英语 2014年第7X期 191-192页

作者：刘晓艳北方民族大学宁夏银川750021

As one of the most significant American Jewish writers in the 20th century, Saul Bellow was influenced by the Jewish tradition and American mainstream thoughts in his writing creations. The conflicts and amalgamation between these two different cultures in his novels indicate that Bellow not only adheres to the Jewish traditional culture, but also breaks through the narrowmindedness of it.

关键词： Saul Bellow Jewish tradition adherence and breakth