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Epigenetics in psychiatry:Beyond DNA methylation

World Journal of Psychiatry 2023年第6期13卷 319-330页

作者： Katarina Kouter IrisŠalamon Arčan Alja VidetičPaska Faculty of Medicine Institute of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljana 1000Slovenia Faculty of Medicine Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljana 1000Slovenia

The global burden of psychopathologies appears to be underestimated,since the global psychiatric disorder burden is exceeding other medical burdens.To be able to address this problem more effectively,we need to better understand the etiology of psychiatric disorders.One of the hallmarks of psychiatric disorders appears to be epigenetic dysregulation.While some epigenetic modifications(such as DNA methylation)are well known and studied,the roles of others have been investigated much less.DNA hydroxymethylation is a rarely studied epigenetic modification,which as well as being an intermediate stage in the DNA demethylation cycle is also an independent steady cell state involved in neurodevelopment and plasticity.In contrast to DNA methylation,DNA hydroxymethylation appears to be related to an increase in gene expression and subsequent protein expression.Although no particular gene or genetic locus can be at this point linked to changes in DNA hydroxymethylation in psychiatric disorders,the epigenetic marks present good potential for biomarker identification because the epigenetic landscape is a result of the interplay between genes and environment,which both influence the development of psychiatric disorders,and because hydoxymethylation changes are particularly enriched in the brain and in synapse-related genes.

关键词： Mood disorders Suicide Schizophrenia Bipolar disorder Hydroxymethylation 5-hydroxymethycytosine Gene expression

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