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Silicone Elastomer with High Elongation at Break Used in digital Light Processing 3d printing

Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2023年第11期41卷 1786-1795,I0010页

作者： Tian-Xin Yu Ya-Yuan Liu Fu-Yue Tian Nan-Ying Ning Bing Yu Ming Tian State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers Ministry of EducationBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China

3d printing silicone elastomer has demonstrated great potential in diverse areas such as medical devices,flexible electronics and soft robotics.It is of great value to investigate how to improve the mechanical properties,including tensile strength and elongation at break of printed parts.In this work,a light curing system that can be applied in silicone elastomer 3d printing is explored,which is composed of vinyl terminated polysiloxane as the macromer and thiol containing polysiloxane as the crosslinking agent,and a chain extension reaction is also introduced into this light curing system via the addition of the chain extender dithiol molecules,and a light curing system accompanied with chain extension is designed and realized based on the thiol-ene click reaction mechanism.After reinforced with silica fillers,the obtained light curing system can endow the light curing silicone elastomer with better mechanical properties under the condition of a lower viscosity of the precursor,the tensile strength and elongation at break can reach 525.5 k Pa and 601%,respectively.This light curing system provides a feasible method to solve the contradiction between the viscosity of the precursor and the mechanical properties of the light curing elastomer in the digital light processing(dLP)3d printing field.

关键词： Silicone elastomer Thiol-ene click chemistry Light curing 3d-printing Chain extender

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Nonlinear fluid flow through three-dimensional rough fracture networks:Insights from 3d-printing,CT-scanning,and high-resolution numerical simulations

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2021年第5期13卷 1020-1032页

作者： Bo Li Jiafei Wang Richeng Liu Yujing Jiang Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics and Geohazards of Zhejiang Province Shaoxing UniversityShaoxing312000China State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and deep Underground Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou221116China School of Engineering Nagasaki UniversityNagasaki852-8521Japan

Nonlinear flow behavior of fluids through three-dimensional(3d)discrete fracture networks(dFNs)considering effects of fracture number,surface roughness and fracture aperture was experimentally and numerically investigated.Three physical models of dFNs were 3d-printed and then computed tomography(CT)-scanned to obtain the specific geometry of fractures.The validity of numerically simulating the fluid flow through dFNs was verified via comparison with flow tests on the 3d-printed models.A parametric study was then implemented to establish quantitative relations between the coefficients/parameters in Forchheimer’s law and geometrical parameters.The results showed that the 3d-printing technique can well reproduce the geometry of single fractures with less precision when preparing complex fracture networks,numerical modeling precision of which can be improved via CT-scanning as evidenced by the well fitted results between fluid flow tests and numerical simulations using CT-scanned digital models.Streamlines in dFNs become increasingly tortuous as the fracture number and roughness increase,resulting in stronger inertial effects and greater curvatures of hydraulic pressure-low rate relations,which can be well characterized by the Forchheimer’s law.The critical hydraulic gradient for the onset of nonlinear flow decreases with the increasing aperture,fracture number and roughness,following a power function.The increases in fracture aperture and number provide more paths for fluid flow,increasing both the viscous and inertial permeabilities.The value of the inertial permeability is approximately four orders of magnitude greater than the viscous permeability,following a power function with an exponent a of 3,and a proportional coefficient b mathematically correlated with the geometrical parameters.

关键词： Nonlinear flow 3d-printing CT-scanning Fracture network Permeability Fluid flow test

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3d printing of Continuous Carbon Fibre Reinforced Thermo-Plastic (CFRTP) Tensile Test Specimens

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Open Journal of Composite Materials 2016年第1期6卷 18-27页

作者： Frank Van der Klift Yoichiro Koga Akira Todoroki Masahito Ueda Yoshiyasu Hirano Ryosuke Matsuzaki department of Material Science and Engineering Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands department of Mechanical Sciences of Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan Nihon University Tokyo Japan Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Tokyo Japan Tokyo University of Science Chiba Japan

A study was conducted to evaluate the current production capabilities of the Mark One? 3d printer in printing carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) tensile test specimens according to the JIS K 7073 by making use of fused deposition modelling. Several different types of CFRTP tensile test specimens are printed and are tensile tested in the longitudinal direction to obtain an overview of the mechanical properties of 3d printed CFRTP material. These properties are compared with the literature values known for composite materials to see if these agree. The main goal of this research is to increase the knowledge of the 3d printing process of CFRTP and to later use this knowledge to further improve the 3d printing process to obtain stronger 3d printed CFRTP materials.

关键词： 3d-printing Composites Continuous Fibres CFRTP

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developments in 4d-printing:a review on current smart materials,technologies,and applications

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2019年第3期10卷 205-224页

作者： Zhizhou Zhang Kahraman G.demir Grace X.Gu department of Mechanical Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA

Recent advances in additive manufacturing(AM),commonly known as three-dimensional(3d)-printing,have allowed researchers to create complex shapes previously impossible using traditional fabrication methods.A research branch that originated from 3d-printing called four-dimensional(4d)-printing involves printing with smart materials that can respond to external stimuli.4dprinting permits the creation of on-demand dynamically controllable shapes by integrating the dimension of time.Recent achievements in synthetic smart materials,novel printers,deformation mechanism,and mathematical modeling have greatly expanded the feasibility of 4d-printing.In this paper,progress in the 4dprinting field is reviewed with a focus on its practical applications.We discuss smart materials developed using 4d-printing with explanations of their morphing mechanisms.Additionally,case studies are presented on self-constructing structures,medical devices,and soft robotics.We conclude with challenges and future opportunities in the field of 4d-printing.

关键词： 3d-printing 4d-printing smart materials multifunctional soft robotics

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3d-printed scaffolds with 2d hetero-nanostructures and immunomodulatory cytokines provide pro-healing microenvironment for enhanced bone regeneration

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第9期27卷 216-230页

作者： Xifeng Liu Bipin Gaihre Sungjo Park Linli Li Babak dashtdar Maria d.Astudillo Potes Andre Terzic Benjamin d.Elder Lichun Lu department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering Mayo ClinicRochesterMN55905USA department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMN55905USA department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Center for Regenerative Medicine Mayo ClinicRochesterMN55905USA department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMN55905USA

Three-dimensional (3d) printing technology is driving forward the progresses of various engineering fields, including tissue engineering. However, the pristine 3d-printed scaffolds usually lack robust functions in stimulating desired activity for varied regeneration applications. In this study, we combined the two-dimensional (2d) hetero-nanostructures and immuno-regulative interleukin-4 (IL-4) cytokines for the functionalization of 3d-printed scaffolds to achieve a pro-healing immuno-microenvironment for optimized bone injury repair. The 2d hetero-nanostructure consists of graphene oxide (GO) layers, for improved cell adhesion, and black phosphorous (BP) nanosheets, for the continuous release of phosphate ions to stimulate cell growth and osteogenesis. In addition, the 2d hetero-nanolayers facilitated the adsorption of large content of immuno-regulative IL-4 cytokines, which modulated the polarization of macrophages into M2 phenotype. After in vivo implantation in rat, the immuno-functioned 3d-scaffolds achieved in vivo osteo-immunomodulation by building a pro-healing immunological microenvironment for better angiogenesis and osteogenesis in the defect area and thus facilitated bone regeneration. These results demonstrated that the immuno-functionalization of 3d-scaffolds with 2d hetero-nanostructures with secondary loading of immuno-regulative cytokines is an encouraging strategy for improving bone regeneration.

关键词： 3d-printing 2d materials Bone repair Osteo-immunomodulation Cytokines

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Functionalize d 3d-printe d porous titanium scaffold induces in situ vascularized bone regeneration by orchestrating bone microenvironment

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第22期153卷 92-105页

作者： Bo Yuan Pin Liu Rui Zhao Xiao Yang Zhanwen Xiao Kai Zhang Xiangdong Zhu Xingdong Zhang National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China College of Biomedical Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China

Titanium(Ti)and its alloys have been extensively explored for treating load-bearing bone defects.How-ever,high-stress shielding,weak osteogenic activity,and insufficient vascularization remain key chal-lenges for the long-term clinical outcomes of Ti-based implants.Herein,inspired by structural and func-tional cues of bone regeneration,a silicon-doped nano-hydroxyapatite(nSiHA)/titanium dioxide(TiO_(2))composite coating with a hierarchical micro/nano-network structure is constructed on the surface of a 3d-printed porous Ti scaffold via a combined strategy of acid-alkali(AA)treatment and electrochemi-cal deposition technique,which not only endows the scaffold with excellent osteoinduction ability but can also effectively immobilize and release vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF).The results of the in vitro cell experiments show that the functionalized Ti scaffold significantly promotes osteogenesis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)and angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)by activating the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase(ERK)and HIF-1αsignaling pathways.After being implanted into a rat femoral condyle defect model,the functionalized Ti scaffold can induce in situ vascularized bone regeneration by orchestrating the two coupled processes of angio-genesis and osteogenesis.These findings indicate that the functionalized Ti scaffold has great potential in bone tissue regeneration and is a promising candidate for load-bearing bone defect repair.

关键词： Porous titanium 3d-printing Hierarchical micro/nano-structure Bone microenvironment Vascularization Bone regeneration

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In-situ selective surface engineering of graphene micro-supercapacitor chips

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Nano Research 2022年第2期15卷 1492-1499页

作者： Yiming Chen Minghao Guo Lin Xu Yuyang Cai Xiaocong Tian Xiaobin Liao Zhaoyang Wang Jiashen Meng Xufeng Hong Liqiang Mai State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory Xianhu Hydrogen ValleyFoshan 528200China Faculty of Materials Science&Chemistry China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

Surface modification of graphene oxide(GO)is a powerful strategy to develop its energy density for electrochemical energy storage.However,pre-modified GO always exhibits unsatisfactory hydrophilia and its ink-relevant utilization is extremely limited.Although GO ink is widely utilized in fabricating micro energy storage devices via extrusion-based 3d-printing,simultaneously obtaining satisfactory hydrophilia and high energy density still remains a challenge.In this work,an in-situ surface engineering strategy was employed to enhance the performance of GO micro-supercapacitor chips.Three dimensionally printed GO micro-supercapacitor chips were treated with pyrrole monomer to achieve selective and spontaneous anchoring of polypyrrole on the microelectrodes without affecting interspaces between the finger electrodes.The interface-reinforced graphene scaffolds were edge-welded and exhibited a considerably improved specific capacitance,from 13.6 to 128.4 mF·cm^(-2).These results are expected to provide a new method for improving the performance of micro-supercapacitors derived from GO inks and further strengthen the practicability of 3d printing techniques in fabricating energy storage devices.

关键词： 3d-printing in-situ modification selective surface engineering edge-welded graphene micro-supercapacitors

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A 3d bio-printed spheroids based perfusion in vitro liver on chip for drug toxicity assays

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2022年第6期33卷 3167-3171页

作者： Tian Tian Yuhan Ho Chen Chen Hebin Sun Janan Hui Panhui Yang Yuqing Ge Ting Liu Jian Yang Hongju Mao Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology(SIMIT) Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Shanghai 200050China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Shanghai Industrial Technology Research Institute(SITRI) Shanghai 201800China School of Stomatology Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116044China State Key Laboratory of component-based Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin 301617China Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin 301617China

Liver is the foremost organ of human being for drug metabolism,and it played a significant role in toxicity evaluation of drugs.Establishing a liver model in vitro can accelerate the process of the drug screening and new drug research and development.We provide a 3d printing based hepatic sinusoid-on-a-chip microdevice that reconstitutes organ-level liver functions to create a drug screening model of toxicity evaluation on chip.The microfluidic device,which recapitulates the hepatic sinusoid microenvironment,consists of PET polyporous membranes which mimic the perisinusoidal space,and experience fluid flow to mimic the hepatic arterial capillaries.The PET membrane was used to separate the hepatocyte and endotheliocyte.The endotheliocyte was cultured on the downside of the membrane and the hepatocyte were 3d seeded on the membrane via the 3d printer.This device was used to reproduce the in vitro liver model for drug toxicity assays.The expression of several biomarkers of liver was compared with the monoculture and 2d cultured conditions,and the results reveal that this organ-on-a-chip microdevice mimics the drug hepatoxicity that has not been possible by 2d cell-based and animal models,providing a useful platform for screening the drugs and developing an effective therapy in hepatopathy.

关键词： Liver-on-chip drug screening drug toxicity 3d-printing 3d-culture

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Enhanced thermoelectric performance of 3d-printed Bi2Te3-based materials via adding Te/Se

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Journal of Materiomics 2023年第2期9卷 328-337页

作者： Xuedi Zhang Jin Chen Han Zhang Pengfei Zhu Rong Wang Fu Li Bo Li Institute of Materials Research Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolShenzhen518055China School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen518055China School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

Bi_(2)Te_(3)-based materials were prepared by direct ink writing(dIW)3d printing and their microstructure and thermoelectric properties were investigated with an emphasis on the effect of the content of dMF and Te/Se addition.As the mass ratio of dMF in the composition increased from 6.5%to 8.0%(in mass),the electrical conductivity deteriorated because of the corresponding increased porosity and organic remains in the samples.However,the volatilization of dMF would reduce the fluidity of the slurry.Thus,thermoelectric slurry with 7.0%dMF is the most suitable mass ratio for 3d printing.Additionally,adding Te in the p-type Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 and adding Se in the n-type Bi2Te2.6Se0.4 have significantly improved their electrical conductivity due to the increased carrier concentration and mobility.Combining with the moderate Seebeck coefficient(~200 mV/K),high power factors with~802 mW·m^(-1)·K^(-2)and 1266 mW·m^(-1)·K^(-2)were obtained for the n-type Bi_(2)Te_(2.6)Se_(0.4)þ10%Se and p-type Bi_(0.4)Sb_(1.6)Te_(3)þ7%Te,respectively,which result in the final relatively high zT values of 0.68 at 573 K and 0.56 at 330 K for ntype and p-type 3d-printed samples.

关键词： 3d-printing Bi_(2)Te_(3) Thermoelectric materials

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Review of cost and surgical time implications using virtual patient specific planning and patient specific implants in midface reconstruction

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2022年第1期9卷 614-627页

作者： Michael Lawless Brian Swendseid Natalia von Windheim Kyle VanKoevering Nolan Seim Matthew Old department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43212USA Center for design and Manufacturing Excellence The Ohio State University College of EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43212USA

Aim:Summarize the available data on midfacial virtual patient specific planning and patient specific implants,highlighting the financial costs and savings,and additionally emphasize the potential cost implications of transitioning to“in-house”virtual 3d modeling and printing.Methods:Review of current literature.Results:Current literature suggests cost benefits of virtual patient specific planning and patient specific implants in the form of improved ischemia time,better boney apposition between flaps,and reduced patient complications.This reduction of complications includes a reduction in blood loss and time spent in the intensive care unit from flap failure.Improved boney apposition results in a higher likelihood of boney union and a further reduction in failure and complications.Subjective benefits of virtual patient specific planning and patient specific implants are shown in the form of improved reconstructive surgeon mental energy.In-house production of 3d models and presurgical planning provides additional cost benefits for providers as they can produce viable models at a fraction of the price of that which is produced by industrial companies.Providers can also construct and use models in an expedient manner compared to industrial models,allowing for the opportunity to be utilized in more acute settings.The foundation of developing an in-house workflow is adequate funding,resources,and clinical volume.Facilities also must focus on appropriate quality and safety measures,as well as appropriate workflow development for adequate production of models.Conclusion:Virtual patient specific planning and patient specific implants show benefits in midfacial reconstructive outcomes,resulting in realized financial and temporal gains for both patient and provider.These gains may be enhanced by moving to in-house planning and printing.

关键词： Virtual patient specific planning midface maxillofacial reconstruction head and neck cost 3d-printing

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