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Electron beam welding of Ti-15-3 titanium alloy to 304 stainless steel with copper interlayer sheet

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2010年第10期20卷 1829-1834页

作者：王廷张秉刚陈国庆冯吉才唐奇 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding Production Technology Harbin Institute of Technology

Electron beam welding of Ti-15-3 titanium alloy to 304 stainless steel with a copper sheet as interlayer was carried *** of the joint were studied by optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffractometry(XRD).In addition,the mechanical properties of the joint were evaluated by tensile test and the microhardness was *** two alloys were successfully welded by adding copper transition layer into the *** solution with a certain thickness was located at the interfaces between weld and base metal in both *** inside the weld and near the stainless steel were characterized by solid solution of copper with TiFe2 intermetallics dispersedly distributed in *** weld near titanium alloy contained Ti-Cu and Ti-Fe-Cu intermetallics layer,in which the hardness of weld came to the highest *** fracture occurred in the intermetallics layer when the joint was stretched.

关键词： Ti-15-3 titanium alloy 304 stainless steel electron beam welding interrnetallics layer mechanical properties

A deoxidation thermodynamic model for 304 stainless steel considering multiple-components coupled reactions

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Journal of Iron and steel Research International 2024年第1期31卷 74-91页

作者： Yan Yan Guang-hao Shang Li-ping Zhang Shao-ying Li Han-jie Guo School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Beijing Key Laboratory of Special Melting and Preparation of High-End Metal Materials Beijing100083China Henan Jinhui stainless steel Industry Group Co. Ltd.Xuchang461500HenanChina Changge Jinhui Recycling Metal R&D Co. Ltd.Xuchang461500HenanChina

A thermodynamic model for predicting the equilibrium oxygens of 304 stainless steel was developed based on the theory of slag-steel equilibrium,the law of mass conservation,and the ion and molecule coexistence *** the developed model,the Fe-Cr-Mn-Si-Al-S-O-melts reaction system and CaO-MgO-CaF_(2)-FeO-MnO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)-Cr2O_(3)slags were *** oxygen contents calculated by the model are in good agreement with experimental results and reference *** equilibrium oxygen contents in 304 stainless steel mainly decrease with increasing binary basicity(w(CaO)/w(SiO_(2)),where w(i)is the mass percentage of component i)and decreasing *** binary basicity at 2.0 while maintaining temperatures lower than 1823 K will keep the oxygen contents in the 304 stainless steel lower than 15×10^(-6).The equilibrium oxygen contents may also be decreased with increasing content of MgO in slags,which is more significant at lower binary ***,a small amount of FeO,MnO,and Al_(2)O_(3)(about 0-2.5 wt.%)in slags has little effect on equilibrium oxygen ***,it is found that the[C]-[O]reaction may occur during refining process but will not significantly affect the equilibrium oxygen contents.

关键词： Complex deoxidation Thermodynamic model Ion and molecule coexistence theory 304 stainless steel Slag-steel reaction

Pitting corrosion initiated by SiO_(2)-MnO-Cr_(2)O_(3)-Al_(2)O_(3)-based inclusions in a 304 stainless steel

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Journal of Iron and steel Research International 2024年第9期31卷 2281-2293页

作者： Jin-zhen Hu Shi Li Ji Zhang Ying Ren Li-feng Zhang School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing(USTB)Beijing100083China School of Mechanical Engineering Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004HebeiChina stainless steel R&D Center of Central R&D Institute Baoshan Iron and Steel Co.Ltd.Shanghai201900China School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering North China University of TechnologyBeijing100144China

The influence of the aluminum content on the pitting corrosion of a 304 stainless steel by a Cl−solution was *** number,area,and composition of non-metallic inclusions were modified by the addition of aluminum in the steel,which was responsible for the variation of the corrosion degree of the 304 stainless *** detection,corrosion test,electrochemical test,thermodynamic calculation,and first-principles calculation were performed to evaluate the pitting corrosion of the stainless *** initiation of the pitting corrosion by three types of inclusions,including(Mn,Si,Cr,S)O,(Mn,Al,Cr)O,and Al_(2)O_(3)were in-situ *** corroding for 880 min,the corrosion index of(Mn,Si,Cr,S)O,(Mn,Al,Cr)O,and Al_(2)O_(3)was 0.38%,0.02%,and 0.00%min−1,*** the increase in aluminum content in the steel,the pitting potential of the stainless steel was 0.131,0.304,and 0.338 V,respectively,indicating that a higher aluminum content in the steel was beneficial to improving the pitting corrosion resistance of the 304 stainless steel.

关键词： Pitting corrosion 304 stainless steel Non-metallic inclusion First-principles calculation Galvanic corrosion

Static and dynamic finite element analysis of 304 stainless steel rod and wire hot continuous rolling process

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Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing 2008年第3期15卷 324-329页

作者： Siyu Yuan Liwen Zhang Shulun Liao Mao Li Min Qi Yu Zhen Shuqi Guo School of Materials Science and Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 China State Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser Ion and Electron Beams Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 China Dongbei Special steel Group Corporation Dalian 116031 China

Three-dimensional finite element models were developed to analyze 304 stainless steel rod and wire hot continuous rolling process with the help of *** software. The entire 30-pass deformation process and the actual parameters of production line were taken into account. Static and dynamic procedures were used to study the continuous rolling process with the aid of the thermo-mechanical coupled FEM of elastic-plasticity. The properties of billets, such as deformation, temperature field and rolling force, were mainly discussed. The simulation results of temperature agree well with the measured values. Comparisons of the analysis results obtained using static implicit method and dynamic implicit method were presented. It is shown that static implicit procedure is more accurate than dynamic implicit procedure and is able to simulate the rolling process with a lower speed, such as a roughing mill. Whereas, dynamic analysis shows a higher efficiency than static analysis and is fit for simulating the rolling process with a higher speed, such as a finishing mill.

关键词： 304 stainless steel static implicit dynamic implicit three-dimensional simulation continuous rolling

Full-Range Compressive Stress-Strain Curves for Cold-Formed 304 stainless steel Circular Hollow Sections After Exposure to Vacuum Brazing

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2018年第5期31卷 557-572页

作者： Bin Hu Yang Jin Lin-Zhi Wui Center for Composite Materials Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China Key Laboratory of Advanced Ship Materials and Mechanics College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 China

With the rapid development of microscale cellular structures, the small-diameter cold-formed welded stainless steel tubes have recently been used for creating the metallic lat- tice topologies with high mechanical properties. In this paper, to obtain the accurate material properties of the circular hollow section （CHS） under pure compression, a series of concentric compression tests are conducted on the millimeter-scale cold-formed 304 stainless steel circu- lar tubular stub columns after exposure to a vacuum brazing process. The tests cover a total of 18 small-diameter stub tubes with measured thickness-to-diameter ratios （t/D） from 0.023 to 0.201. A generalized three-stage nominal stress-strain model is developed for describing the compressive behavior of the post-brazing CHSs over the full strain range. This mechanical model is especially applicable to computer code implementation. Hence, an interactive computer pro- gram is developed to simultaneously optimize three strain hardening exponents （n1, n2, n3） in the expression of the model to produce the stress-strain curve capable of accurately replicating the test data. To further reduce the number of the model and material parameters on which this model depends, this paper also develops five expressions for determining the 2.5% proof stress （ap2）, n2, the ultimate compressive strength （σp3）, n3, and the ultimate plastic strain （p3%） for given experimental values of three basic material parameters （E0, σ0.01, σ0.2）. These expressions are validated to he effective for the CHSs with t/D 〉_ 0.027. The analytically predicted full-range stress-strain curves have generally shown close agreement with the ones obtained experimentally.

关键词： Compression test Stress-strain curve Cold-formed 304 stainless steel Circular hollow section (CHS) Post-brazing

Electrochemical corrosion resistance of CeO_2-Cr/Ti coatings on 304 stainless steel via pack cementation

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Journal of Rare Earths 2015年第10期33卷 1122-1128页

作者：邢学刚韩志军王鹤峰卢盼娜 College of Mechanics Taiyuan University of Technology

The pack cementation was employed to improve the electrochemical corrosion resistance of 304 stainless steel via CeO2- Cr modified Ti coatings. Continuous coatings were formed on 304 stainless steel surface by this method. A series of electrochemical experiments were carried out to investigate the corrosion resistance of 304 stainless steel, Ti coating and CeO2-Cr/Ti coatings. The sample surface was investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The phases of sample surface were detected by X-ray diffraction （XRD）. It was concluded from all the outcomes that the Corrosion resistance of the samples could be sorted in the following sequence： CeO2-Cr/Ti coatings〉Ti coating〉304 stainless steel.

关键词： electrochemical corrosion resistance rare earths Ti coating 304 stainless steel pack cementation

Failure analysis of crevice corrosion on 304 stainless steel tube heat exchanger

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Journal of Iron and steel Research International 2023年第8期30卷 1490-1498页

作者： Chen Dong Shen Qu Chang-ming Fu Zhe-feng Zhang Failure Analysis Center for Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016LiaoningChina

The cause of the premature failure of 304 stainless steel tube heat exchanger was *** unique skeleton structure inside the leakage point reveals that this is a new damage mechanism caused by a δ+γ two-phase structure and crevice *** three-dimensional structure of the leakage point was demonstrated using X-ray diffraction *** results of scanning electron microscope examination show the microstructure of the weld to be columnar and *** is found by electron probe microscope analysis and transmission electron microscopy that columnar dendrites consisted of γ-dendrite and an amount of δ-ferrite phases at the dendrite *** corrosion test results confirmed that the corrosion medium was the chloride *** corrosion of chloride ions occurred at weld defects on the inner wall thus forming a concentration *** of columnar dendrites were then corroded by chloride ions and δ-ferrite phases on the grain boundaries were retained,which formed the particular skeleton corrosion *** a result,it led to leakage when the corrosion of weld occurred from the inner wall to the outer wall.

关键词： Crevice corrosion Weld defect Chloride ions δ-ferrite Skeleton structure 304 stainless steel

Determination of plastic equation of state by indentation method on 304 stainless steel

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Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing 2005年第2期12卷 151-154页

作者： YanliWang ZhiLin JunpinLin XinfaCui GuoliangChen StateKeyLaboratoryforAdvancedMetalandMaterials UniversityofScienceandTechnologyBeijingBeijing100083China

An indentation method for determining the plastic mechanical equation of state (PES) was studied. The constant loading rate and constant loading rate/load indentation tests were carried out. The method for determining the work-hardening coefficient and the strain rate sensitivity coefficient of PES were discussed in detail. 304 stainless steel hot-treated at 1100°C was used to verify the method. The work-hardening coefficient and strain rate sensitivity coefficient of 304 stainless steel were respectively determined as 0.30 and 0.015. These values are very close to those achieved by tensile tests. From the establishment of the PES of 304 stainless steel it is shown that the PES obtained by the indentation method is easier than that by the tensile test.

关键词： plastic equation of state 304 stainless steel work hardening coefficient strain rate sensitivity coefficient

Characterization of stress corrosion crack growth of 304 stainless steel by electrochemical noise and scanning Kelvin probe

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Journal of Central South University 2010年第1期17卷 13-18页

作者：赵茹张正石江波陶蕾宋诗哲 School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization State Oceanic Administration Tianjin State Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection of Metals Shenyang

The fatigue pre-cracking 304 stainless steel （SS） specimens with lengths of 1.002 mm （L-crack） and 0.575 mm （S-crack） were prepared. Their corrosion behavior was studied by electrochemical noise （EN） in 4 mol/L NaC1 ＋ 0.01 mol/L Na2S203 solution under slow-strain-rate-testing （SSRT） conditions. Moreover, the characteristics of L-crack＇s surface morphology and potential distribution with scanning Kelvin probe （SKP） before and after SSRT were also discussed. Compared with S-crack, L-crack is propagated and the features of crack propagation can be obtained. After propagation, the noise amplitudes increase with increasing stress and accelerating corrosion, the white noises at low and high frequencies （WE and WH） of the later stage are one order of magnitude larger than that at early stage in the current power spectral densities （PSDs）. The potential PSDs also increase, but WH disappears. In addition, the crack propagation can be demonstrated according to variation of probability distribution, surface morphology and potential distribution.

关键词： 304 stainless steel fatigue pre-cracking electrochemical noise stress corrosion cracking (SCC) scanning Kelvin probe