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Vehicle emissions of primary air pollutants from 2009 to 2019 and projection for the 14th five-year plan period in Beijing, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第2期124卷 513-521页

作者： Tongran Wu Yangyang Cui Aiping Lian Ye Tian Renfei Li Xinyu Liu Jing Yan Yifeng Xue Huan Liu Bobo Wu National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental ProtectionBeijing 100037China Beijing Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau Beijing 100048China State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Ecology and Environment Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China

Over the past decade,the emission standards and fuel standards in Beijing have been upgraded twice,and the vehicle structure has been improved by accelerating the elimination of 2.95 million old *** the formulation and implementation of these policies,the emissions of carbon monoxide(CO),volatile organic compounds(VOCs),nitrogen oxides(NO_(x)),and fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))in 2019 were 147.9,25.3,43.4,and 0.91 kton in Beijing,*** emission factor method was adopted to better understand the emissions characteristics of primary air pollutants from combustion engine vehicles and to improve pollution *** combination with the air quality improvement goals and the status of social and economic development during the 14th five-year plan period in Beijing,different vehicle pollution control scenarios were established,and emissions reductions were *** results show that the emissions of four air pollutants(CO,VOCs,NO_(x),and PM_(2.5))fromvehicles in Beijing decreased by an average of 68% in 2019,compared to their levels in *** contribution of NOx emissions from diesel vehicles increased from 35% in 2009 to 56% in 2019,which indicated that clean and energy-saving diesel vehicle fleets should be further *** vehicle adoption could be an important measure to reduce pollutant *** the further upgrading of vehicle structure and the adoption of electric vehicles,it is expected that the total emissions of the four vehicle pollutants can be reduced by 20%-41% by the end of the 14th five-year plan period.

关键词： Emission variations Vehicle structure Electric vehicle 14th five-year plan Air pollution

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Economic development, energy demand, and carbon emission prospects ofChina's provinces during the 14th five-year plan period: Application ofCMRCGE model

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2019年第3期10卷 165-173页

作者： LI Ji-Feng GU A-Lun MA Zhong-Yu ZHANG Cheng-Long SUN Zhen-Qing State Information Center Beijing100045China Institute o f Energy Environment and EconomyTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China State Grid Energy Research Institute Co”Ltd”Beijing 102209China Tianjin Science and Technology University Tianjin300222China

this study focuses on a national regional coordinated development strategy and adopts China Multi-Regional Computable General Equilibrium model to analyze the economic and social development, energy demand, and carbon emissions of the provinces during the 14th five-year plan (FYP, 2021 2025) period based on the economic development and energy demand since the New Normal. the main conclusions are the following: 1) Under the guidance of the regional coordinated development strategy, 13 provinces/municipalities are expected to have a per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of more than US$15,000, and 16 provinces/municipalities will have a per capita GDP of US$10,000 15,000. All provincial economies are expected to achieve steady and rapid development by the end of the 14th FYP. 2) the total energy consumption of the provinces is expected to reach 5.45 Gtce (excluding Tibet) in 2025, and the average annual growth rate is approximately 1.5%. the growth of energy demand will remain in low speed. the key point of energy demand will gradually shift from the eastern to the middle area, while the proportion of energy use in the western provinces will remain stable, which is consistent with the economic development stage and regional coordinated development strategy. 3) the annual average carbon intensity (mainly considering carbon emissions from energy use) of the provinces will approximately with most provinces dropping by over 4.0%. the trend of a considerable decline in carbon intensity, as observed in recent years, is expected to continue.

关键词： Coordinated development CMRCGE model 14th five-year plan Energy demand Carbon emissions

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Target Orientation of Addressing Climate Change During the Period of the 14th five-year plan

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Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 2020年第2期8卷 6-25页

作者： PAN Jiahua Research Centre for Sustainable Development Chinese Academy of Social Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

Emission reduction is the focus of and difficulty in addressing climate change. In choosing emission reduction targets, China needs to examine the historical trajectory of carbon emissions in developed countries and learn from their target orientations. During the evolution of the world development pattern, the status of China changed fundamentally. the goals of the 14th five-year plan to address climate change should not only be pragmatic but also demonstrate moral responsibility, and should not only achieve international leadership but also achieve domestic reverse actuation. the goals of the 14th five-year plan do not need to exclude reaching the peak of carbon dioxide emissions. China has advantages in the goals of the speed and scale of renewable energy development. Although the goal of net-zero carbon is impossible to achieve in the whole country, it can be tried in some regions first. On the side of demand, the target orientation of pure electric vehicle has leading value. the indicators of climate resilience, especially resilient carbon reduction and ecological carbon sequestration, etc., are also the goals of ecological civilization transformation and development.

关键词： 14th five-year plan climate change emission reduction target resilient carbon reduction ecological carbon sequestration nationally determined contributions

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China's Urbanization Strategy and Policy During the 14th five-year plan Period

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Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 2021年第1期9卷 24-56页

作者： WEI Houkai LI Le NIAN Meng Rural Development Institute Chinese Academy of Social Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

During the 13 th five-year plan period,China’s urbanization construction has obtained remarkable *** urbanization continues to advance *** gap between different regions is constantly *** clusters have become the strategic core areas to promote urbanization and economic ***,the key issue in China’s urbanization is not about the level or speed,but the *** challenges faced by China in its urbanization include:(1) granting permanent urban residency to people originally from rural areas(citizenization) is severely lagging-behind;(2) the key links in integrated urban-rural development system and mechanism are blocked and(3) the resources and environment costs in advancing urbanization are excessively high,*** the 14 th five-year plan period,China’s urbanization will continue to advance rapidly,but the speed will further slow *** 2025,China’s urbanization rate is expected to reach about 65.5%,among which the eastern,central,western and northeastern regions will reach 73.0%,63.1%,61.2% and 66.7%,*** this end,China’s urbanization should be people-centered and led by high-quality integrated urban and rural development;thus,the urbanization quality can be improved in an all-round *** should be a path of highquality urbanization with Chinese characteristics featuring moderate and reasonable advancing speed,effectively improved quality in citizenization,balanced and orderly urbanization pattern,deeply integrated urban and rural development,and green,healthy and sustainable *** terms of specific measures,the government should strengthen the leading,demonstrating and radiating role of central cities and promote the formation of four-tier central city system,namely,the global central cities,national central cities,regional central cities and local central cities;plan and build 34 high-end metropolitan areas at the national level,making them the core areas of advancing new-type urbanizati

关键词： 14th five-year plan urbanization metropolitan areas development strategy.

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Towards carbon neutrality and China's 14th five-year plan: Clean energy transition, sustainable urban development, and investment priorities

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2021年第4期8卷 102-109页

作者： Cameron Hepburn Ye Qi Nicholas Stern Bob Ward Chunping Xie Dimitri Zenghelis Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment University of OxfordUK Institute of Public Policy Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina School of Public Policy and Management Tsinghua UniversityChina Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment London School of Economics and Political Science(LSE)UK Bennett Institute for Public Policy University of CambridgeUK

China's 14th five-year plan,for the period 2021e25,presents a real opportunity for China to link its longterm climate goals with its short-to medium-term social and economic development ***'s recent commitment to achieving carbon neutrality by 2060 has set a clear direction for its economy,but requires ratcheting up ambition on its near-term climate *** this background,this paper discusses major action areas for China's 14th five-year plan after COVID-19,especially focusing on three aspects:the energy transition,a new type of sustainable urban development,and investment ***'s role in the world is now of a magnitude that makes its actions in the immediate future critical to how the world goes *** decade,2021e2030,is of fundamental importance to human *** society locks in dirty and high-carbon capital,it raises profound risks of irreversible damage to the world's *** is crucial for China to peak its emissions in the 14th five-year plan(by 2025),making the transition earlier and cheaper,enhancing its international competitiveness in growing new markets and setting a strong example for the *** benefits for China and the world as a whole could be immense.

关键词： Carbon neutrality 14th five-year plan Energy transition New urbanisation Investment

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Contributions on the Special-Contracted Teacher Scheme and the Supply of Rural Teachers

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Frontiers of Education in China 2022年第3期17卷 325-360页

作者： ZHENG Xinrong WANG Chenglong DU Ping HUANG Bin SU Shangfeng Institute of Education theories Faculty of EducationBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

In the past decade,the Special-Contracted Teacher Scheme has witnessed remarkable progress,but there are deficiencies including inadequate benefit guarantee for and mixed reviews on the quality of special-contracted *** the context of developing the 14th five-year plan(2021-2025)for education and accelerating the modernization of education,the current implementation of the Special-Contracted Teacher Scheme requires to be further examined and judged,to adjust the policy in time and present policy recommendations for the supply of rural teachers during the 14th five-year plan ***,several scholars were invited to contribute to gain insight into this policy from multiple perspectives.

关键词： Special-Contracted Teacher Scheme supply of rural teachers 14th five-year plan fiscal earmarked transfer payment

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China’s Economic Development in the New Era: Challenges and Paths

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China Finance and Economic Review 2022年第2期11卷 3-22页

作者： Cameron Hepburn Nicholas Stern Chunping Xie Dimitri Zenghelis Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment University of Oxford Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment London School of Economics and Political Science Bennett Institute for Public Policy University of Cambridge

China’s economy has seen rapid development ever since its reform and opening-up strategy was launched in *** economic expansion over the past four decades has taken China from low-income to upper-middle-income *** back at the transformation that China has made,however,we must recognise that the old growth story is coming to an *** phase of development driven by investment in physical capital will be increasingly supplanted by investment in assets such as knowledge and social capital as well as investment in preservation of natural *** the challenges that China is facing,with this paper we aim to offer an approach to growth and development that could spell out a new development strategy for the country as the 21st century *** will focus on the technologies with high-quality growth prospects:modern service sectors,including health,education,transport,communications and IT,artificial intelligence,finance,logistics,sustainable urban infrastructure and new food and land-use *** today’s technologies,China can help the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)countries embark on a much more sustainable,more efficient and greener form of development,avoiding historical problems of pollution and congestion,with China itself moving up the value chain at the same time.

关键词： China’s economy climate change 14th five-year plan global governance

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Economic implications of the sixth plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee for China’s Hong Kong

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Economic and Political Studies 2022年第1期10卷 9-18页

作者： Terence Tai Leung Chong Cornelia Yip Patrick Ming Yu Ngai Lau Chor Tak Institute of Global Economics and Finance and Department of Economics The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Finance Guizhou University of Finance and EconomicsGuiyangChina CUHK Business School The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina HKU Business School The University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina

the sixth plenary session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC),also known as‘the Sixth Plenum’,was successfully held in Beijing from 8 to 11 November *** passed a historic resolution on the major achievements and historical experience of the CPC over the past 100 years and set forth the direction of China’s development in the next few *** paper aims to analyse the conclusions reached in the sixth plenary session of the 19th Central Committee of the CPC and discuss its economic implications for the Hong Kong SAR.

关键词： the sixth plenary session historic resolution 14th five-year plan China’s Hong Kong

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the Next five years(2022-2027)Will Be Crucial for Building a Modern Socialist Country in All Respects:Implications from the Report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC

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Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2022年第4期17卷 549-562页

作者： LIU Wei School of Economics Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China School of Economics Peking UniversityBeijing100871China

As pointed out in the Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC),the next five years(2022-2027)will be crucial for beginning to build a modern socialist country in all ***,the next five years will be a period of historical transition in the central task of the *** central task of the CPC will be to realize the Second Centenary Goal of building China into a great modern socialist country in all *** this crucial stage for getting our efforts off to a good start,China should understand and pursue the five-Sphere Integrated plan to advance the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts through a Chinese path to ***,the next five years will be a period of deep reform in which strategic opportunities,risks and challenges are *** a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation well underway,the new principal contradiction facing Chinese society,a historical transition in the central task of the CPC,and a shift in the international balance of power,profound and complex changes are taking place in China's internal and external environment for *** and unforeseen factors are rising and must be dealt with ***,the next five years will be a key period of achieving China's overall development objectives for *** is a paramount stage of meeting the 14th five-year plan goals,formulating the 15th five-year plan goals,and realizing Chinese modernization by *** should uphold the CPC's overall leadership,follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics,apply a people-centered development philosophy,remain committed to deepening reform and opening up,and carry forward our fighting ***,the next five years will be a crucial period of accelerating the creation of a new pattern of development and pursuing high-quality *** modernization should be advanced through a series of

关键词： 14th five-year plan downward pressure on the economy Chinese modernization high-quality development steady steps to sustain progress

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教育考试“十四五”发展愿景笔谈

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中国考试 2021年第2期 1-24页

作者：钟秉林刘海峰辛涛马陆亭包雷黄腾蛟郑方贤侯杰泰孙昌华刘红云袁建林罗冠中黄荣怀吴晓如北京师范大学浙江大学教育部教育发展研究中心美国俄亥俄州立大学重庆市教育考试院上海市教育考试院香港中文大学

本期刊发13篇笔谈文章,从理念、制度、技术等层面对教育考试"十四五"发展提出建议。钟秉林提出加强系统观念,从制度设计、观念转变、资源投入、配套改革等层面统筹推进考试招生制度改革。刘海峰提出完善高考科目改革,确保教育考试改革... 详细信息

本期刊发13篇笔谈文章,从理念、制度、技术等层面对教育考试"十四五"发展提出建议。钟秉林提出加强系统观念,从制度设计、观念转变、资源投入、配套改革等层面统筹推进考试招生制度改革。刘海峰提出完善高考科目改革,确保教育考试改革公平与科学,要发扬科研先行,引领教育考试走向新阶段,加快推进我国教育考试现代化进程。辛涛指出教育评价改革是促进育人方式变革的关键因素,要从评价目标、评价内容、评价过程、评价结果等方面发挥评价的导向作用,树立以立德树人为核心的教育质量关,克服单一评价指标,强化综合素质评价,充分挖掘和利用考试数据背后的意义和价值,建立"评价-反馈-改进"育人体系。马陆亭提出加强考试对学生身心健康成长、思维能力提升的引导,弱化高考筛选功能,引导学生根据自身特点进入不同类别的高校学习。包雷提出为引导有效学习、抑制应试教育,高考考试内容应在广度上扩展、在深度上延伸,引导学生根据自身需要设计考试方案和学习计划,变"为了考试的无效学习"为"有效的知识和能力培养"。黄腾蛟提出推进高考综合改革向纵深发展,要进一步完善"两依据、一参考"多元录取机制,通过建立考试标准、制定专门的考试法,推动教育考试治理现代化,利用信息技术、人工智能技术全面推进教育考试智能化建设。郑方贤提出以新时代教育评价改革为契机,教育考试机构应在工作内容、队伍建设、专业服务等方面全面提升能力和水平。侯杰泰以香港地区采用校本评核成绩计入高考成绩的经验及争论,指出该方法并不适合于强调考试成绩的中国高考,为解决高考"独木桥"问题,政府和社会要创造更多的专业或职业途径供学生选择。孙昌华以美国ACT公司开发的综合素质评价框架为例,指出综合素质评价作为中国现阶段高考综合改革的重要内容,应从国家层面制定统一的被公众接受和理解的评价标准。刘红云和袁建林指出应把复杂技能测评作为教育考试未来发展的重心,提升教育考试的科学性和有效性,以适应教育培养全面发展的人这一教育目标的实现。罗冠中指出中国教育考试的当务之急是探索如何正确地应用教育与心理学理论,以及在此基础上发展的测量技术与工具,同时发展彰显中国特色的测量理论、技术与工具。黄荣怀提出利用现代信息技术开展学生评价应成为"十四五"时期促进教育改革和发展的重要途径之一,为此应加强智能化教育测评体系的构建。吴晓如提出人工智能技术应用于考试评价已取得一些进展,人工智能赋能德智体美劳全面评价可以作为"十四五"期间教育考试的发展方向。

关键词： educational examination 14th five-year plan examination and enrollment system reform educational assessment reform modernization of educational examination assessment of complex skills professional development of examination agencies modernized intelligent examination application of information technology in educational examination

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