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Estimation of soil erosion in the Xihanshui River Basin by using 137cs technique

International Journal of Sediment Research 2012年第4期27卷 486-497页

作者： Yan-hong JIA Zhao-yin WANG Xiang-min ZHENG Lu-jie HAN East China Normal University State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Hohai University State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering of Tsinghua University

The Cesium-137 technique was used to estimate soil erosion in the Xihanshui River *** than 100 samples were taken from 10 sites and 20 hillslopes with a 10cm diameter hand-operated core *** sample was 60 cm ***137cs activity was analyzed by gamma *** simplified mass balance model and the profile distribution model were used to calculate soil erosion and deposition *** local137cs reference ranged from 1,600 to 2,402 Bq *** data shows an exponential decrease of mass concentration and amount with depth in an undisturbed soil *** erosion in the river basin is moderate or severe on cultivated land with annual erosion rates of 2,000-6,000 t *** general,very severe or severe soil erosion occurred at the upper slope sections,moderate or severe soil erosion at the middle section,and moderate or slight soil erosion at the lower slope *** the slopes with natural vegetation,consisting of herbaceous and wood species,the erosion rate is much lower or not *** the lower section of slopes with well-developed vegetation however,there was no soil loss,instead deposition occurred at a rate of more than 300 t *** slope gradient and vegetation cover affected soil erosion and deposition *** general,the rate of soil erosion was proportional to the slope gradient and inversely proportional to the degree of vegetative cover.

关键词： Soil erosion 137cs technique Cultivated land Vegetation Xihanshui River Basin

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Soil Enzyme Activities on Eroded Slopes in the Sichuan Basin, China

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Pedosphere 2015年第4期25卷 489-500页

作者： NIE Xiaojun ZHANG Jianhui GAO Han Land Research Integrated Monitoring and Sustainable Utilization in Central China Field Science Observation & Research Base of the Ministry of Land and Resources of China School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering Henan Polytechnic University Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences

Determining how soil erosion affects enzyme activity may enhance our understanding of soil degradation on eroded agricultural landscapes. This study assessed the changes in enzyme activity with slope position and erosion type by selecting water and tillage erosion-dominated slopes and performing analyses using the 1376s technique. The 137cs data revealed that soil loss occurred in the upper section of the two eroded slope types, while soil accumulation occurred in the lower section. The invertase activity increased downslope and exhibited a pattern similar to the 137cs data. The spatial patterns of urease and alkaline phosphatase activities were similar to the 137cs inventories on the water and tillage erosion-dominated slopes, respectively. On both the eroded slope types, the invertase activity and soil organic carbon content were correlated, but no correlation was observed between the alkaline phosphatase activity and total phosphorus content. Nevertheless, the urease activity was correlated with the total nitrogen content only on the water erosion-dominated slopes. The enzyme activity-to-microbial biomass carbon ratios indicated high activities of invertase and urease but low activity of phosphatase on the water erosion-dominated slopes compared with the tillage erosion-dominated slopes. Both the invertase activity and the invertase activity-to-microbial biomass carbon ratio varied with the slope position. Changes in the urease activity-to-microbial biomass carbon ratio were significantly affected by the erosion type. These suggested that the dynamics of the invertase activity were linked to soil redistribution on the two eroded slope types, whereas the dynamics of the urease and alkaline phosphatase activities were associated with soil redistribution only on the water or tillage erosion-dominated slopes, respectively. The erosion type had an obvious effect on the activities of invertase, urease and alkaline phosphatase. Soil redistribution might influence the in

关键词： 137cs technique microbial biomass C N cycle P cycle soil organic C soil redistribution tillage erosion water erosion

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