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耐药结核病的形成和预防

结核病健康教育 2007年第2期 13-16页

作者：屠德华北京市结核病控制研究所

随着抗结核病化疗的发展对耐药结核病的发生及其危害性有了越来越深刻的认识。第一阶段开始于40年代链霉素(SM)的发现和临床使用。不久对SM很快产生的耐药性认识到单一药物治疗所造成的危害。

关键词：耐药结核病结核病化疗耐多药结核病耐药病例药物治疗耐药突变菌复治病例后效应耐药结核菌

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耐药淋球菌的流行及其防治对策

浙江预防医学 1989年第S4期1卷 23-24页

作者：陈德友浙江省皮肤病防治研究所

1983年前淋病在我省温州市开始流行,耐后,其他市县也先后发现,呈蔓延趋势。以往,对淋病的治疗使用青霉素能够收到良好疗效。但近年来,耐药病例迅速增加。温州耐药菌株1988年己增到78.6％,且最近一个时期,其他不少地区,都连续发现青霉索... 详细信息

1983年前淋病在我省温州市开始流行,耐后,其他市县也先后发现,呈蔓延趋势。以往,对淋病的治疗使用青霉素能够收到良好疗效。但近年来,耐药病例迅速增加。温州耐药菌株1988年己增到78.6％,且最近一个时期,其他不少地区,都连续发现青霉索治疗失败的病例,足以引起注意。 1.耐药淋株茵(?)株产生因素: 耐药菌产生的机制有适应、突变和介导等学说。

关键词：耐药淋球菌耐药菌感染青霉耐药机制耐药病例淋球菌感染蔓延趋势头抱菌素 PPNG 抗菌药物

印度儿童的皮肤结核:筛查受累的内脏器官的重要性

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2005年第2期1卷 51-52页

作者： Pandhi D. Reddy B.S.N. Chowdhary S. Khurana N. 张宪旗 B-1/1101 Vasant Kunj New Delhi-110070 India

Aims and objectives. Resurgence of skin tuberculosis especially with drug-resistant strains has been well documented in recent years, but this problem has not received much attention in the paediatric age group. Hence, we carried out the present study to analyse the clinical and therapeutic aspects of cutaneous tuberculosis in children. Materials and methods. A detailed clinical examination, investigations, such as haemogram, serology for HIV, Mantoux test, chest X-ray, cytology, culture and histopathologywere carried out in all children. They were treated with antitubercular therapy (WHO regimen), and the clinical response was followed up. Results. Of 142 patients with cutaneous tuberculosis, 68 were children (40 females, 28 males). These children were aged from 9 months to 14 years. The duration of the disease varied from 1 month to 6 years. Family history of tuberculosis was present in 28 (41.2%) of the patients. Scrofulodermawas themost commonpresentation encountered in 30 (44.1%) patients with preferential involvement of the cervical (56.2%) and inguinal (20%) regions. Fifteen (22.1%) patients had lupus vulgaris, of which the keratotic type was the most common (46.7%), 16 had lichen scrofulosorum, three had tuberculosis verrucosa cutis, and four had more than one type of tuberculosis. Involvement of the lung in 14 (20.6%), bone in seven (10.2%), and both in four (5.9%) was found. Histopathology corroborated the clinical diagnosis in 54 (80.6%), culture was positive in six (8.8%). Fifty (73.5%)-patients completed the treatment with an excellent response, no multi-drug resistant cases were seen. Conclusions. Cutaneous tuberculosis in children continues to be an important cause of morbidity, there is a high likelihood of internal involvement, especially in patients with scrofuloderma. A search is required for more sensitive, economic diagnostic tools. Response to treatment at 4 weeks often helps in substantiating the diagnosis of tuberculosis in doubtful cases.

关键词：皮肤结核儿童发病率病理学检查瘰疬性苔藓耐药病例可疑病例结核杆菌培养寻常狼疮检查和曼托

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免疫治疗的展望与思考

张江科技评论 2020年第2期 1-1页

作者：闻玉梅中国工程院复旦大学

免疫治疗是除药物、手术、放射治疗以外的一种治疗方法。免疫治疗的理论基础是通过调控/修复机体的免疫应答以治疗疾病。免疫治疗的技术可归纳为激活、抑制或修复机体免疫应答几大类。免疫治疗的作用范畴则可根据作用的对象分为针对机... 详细信息

免疫治疗是除药物、手术、放射治疗以外的一种治疗方法。免疫治疗的理论基础是通过调控/修复机体的免疫应答以治疗疾病。免疫治疗的技术可归纳为激活、抑制或修复机体免疫应答几大类。免疫治疗的作用范畴则可根据作用的对象分为针对机体的固有免疫或获得性免疫。根据作用的机理,免疫治疗还可分为主动免疫与被动免疫两大类。虽然早在19世纪,白喉抗血清(抗毒素)已被用于治疗患者,但是随着抗菌药物的应用及放射、手术治疗的有效应用,免疫治疗一直未受到应有的重视。近30年来,免疫治疗的价值逐渐被揭示。随着慢性病如肿瘤、心脑血管病、代谢病、持续性(慢性)病毒及细菌感染等发病率的快速增长,以及对病原体耐药病例的增多,免疫治疗已成为多种疾病重要的治疗手段。截至2017年,免疫治疗的经济效益已达到107亿美元,据估计,到2025年可达到180亿美元。

关键词：机体免疫应答免疫治疗耐药病例固有免疫心脑血管病细菌感染放射治疗主动免疫