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Host pathogen interactions in Helicobacter pylori related gastric cancer

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第9期23卷 1521-1540页

作者： Magdalena Chmiela Zuzanna Karwowska Weronika Gonciarz Bujana Allushi Pawel Staczek Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology Institute of MicrobiologyBiotechnology and ImmunologyFaculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of Lodz Department of Genetics of Bacteria Institute of MicrobiologyBiotechnology and ImmunologyFaculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of Lodz

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), discovered in 1982, is a microaerophilic, spiral-shaped gram-negative bacterium that is able to colonize the human stomach. Nearly half of the world's population is infected by this pathogen. Its ability to induce gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma has been confirmed. The susceptibility of an individual to these clinical outcomes is multifactorial and depends on H. pylori virulence, environmental factors, the genetic susceptibility of the host and the reactivity of the host immune system. Despite the host immune response, H. pylori infection can be difficult to eradicate. H. pylori is categorized as a group?Ⅰ?carcinogen since this bacterium is responsible for the highest rate of cancerrelated deaths worldwide. Early detection of cancer can be lifesaving. The 5-year survival rate for gastric cancer patients diagnosed in the early stages is nearly 90%. Gastric cancer is asymptomatic in the early stages but always progresses over time and begins to cause symptoms when untreated. In 97% of stomach cancer cases, cancer cells metastasize to other organs. H. pylori infection is responsible for nearly 60% of the intestinaltype gastric cancer cases but also influences the development of diffuse gastric cancer. The host genetic susceptibility depends on polymorphisms of genes involved in H. pylori-related inflammation and the cytokine response of gastric epithelial and immune cells. H. pylori strains differ in their ability to induce a deleterious inflammatory response. H. pylori-driven cytokines accelerate the inflammatory response and promote malignancy. Chronic H. pylori infection induces genetic instability in gastric epithelial cells and affects the DNA damage repair systems. Therefore, H. pylori infection should always be considered a pro-cancerous factor.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori 招待危险性 Carcinogenesis 细菌的差异

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