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海南几种大型绿藻18S rRNA基因的克隆与序列分析

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热带农业科学 2017年第6期37卷 49-54页

作者：姜芳燕黄海杨宁马军海南热带海洋学院/海南省热带海洋渔业资源保护与利用重点实验室海南三亚572022 三亚市南繁科学技术研究院海南三亚572000

对海南沿岸采集到的团集刚毛藻(Cladophora glomerata)、细毛横丝藻(Acrochaete leptochaete)、石莼(Ulva reticulata)和长茎葡萄蕨藻(Caulerpa lentillifera)进行了形态学观察,采用18S rRNA通用引物,通过PCR技术,从这4种绿藻的基因组中扩增到各自的18S rRNA基因序列,并测序。与Genebank中已收录的6种绿藻18S rRNA基因序列进行比较分析,所得10种绿藻的18S rRNA基因长度为727 bp,变异位点为266个,保守位点为453个。刚毛藻目与蕨藻目的遗传距离最大,为0.376;刚毛藻属内的种间遗传距离最小,为0.010。采用NJ法构建的系统进化树的拓扑结构显示:细毛横丝藻、葡枝横丝藻、石莼、礁膜、羽状尾孢藻和皱溪菜聚为一支;团集刚毛藻与扭曲刚毛藻单独聚为一支;长茎葡萄蕨藻与总状蕨藻聚为一支。说明18S rRNA序列可以作为大型绿藻系统发育研究的分子标记。

关键词：团集刚毛藻细毛横丝藻石莼长茎葡萄蕨藻 18S rRNA

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4种不同藻类与鲍混养的初步试验

集美大学学报（自然科学版） 2014年第2期19卷 89-94页

作者：赖龙玉严正凛钟幼平集美大学水产学院福建厦门361021

在实验室条件下,通过设置盘鲍单养,以及与浒苔、石莼、绳江蓠、真江蓠4种不同藻类混养的实验模式,分析不同藻类对盘鲍养殖池中水质的净化效果.实验结果显示,4种藻类和盘鲍混养都可以有效地吸收盘鲍养殖池中的营养盐.4种藻对NH+4-N、NO-... 详细信息

在实验室条件下,通过设置盘鲍单养,以及与浒苔、石莼、绳江蓠、真江蓠4种不同藻类混养的实验模式,分析不同藻类对盘鲍养殖池中水质的净化效果.实验结果显示,4种藻类和盘鲍混养都可以有效地吸收盘鲍养殖池中的营养盐.4种藻对NH+4-N、NO-2-N、NO-3-N、PO-4-P的吸收率,分别为,浒苔组:85%、71%、72%、72%;石莼组:96%、76%、68%、88%;绳江蓠组:90%、80%、82%、90%;真江蓠组:91%、86%、81%、92%.各混养组盘鲍的生长速度相对盘鲍单养组也有一定的提高,其中浒苔组的体重增长率为24.4%,石莼组为40.0%,绳江蓠组为28.0%,真江蓠组为36.5%.综合4种藻类对水质的净化效果和对盘鲍生长速率的影响,认为石莼和真江蓠与盘鲍混养的效果比较好.

关键词：盘鲍浒苔石莼绳江蓠真江蓠混养

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鲍藻混养配比密度的研究

福建农业学报 2014年第9期29卷 832-838页

作者：赖龙玉严正凛钟幼平集美大学水产学院福建厦门361021

为探索杂交鲍与海藻混养的合适密度比例,分2部分进行试验。第一部分将不同密度的石莼和真江蓠分别在水产养殖废水中养殖24h,观察24h内水体中NH+4-N,NO-2-N,NO-3-N,PO3-4-P的浓度变化。结果显示:2种海藻都能有效地吸收4种营养盐,且随着... 详细信息

为探索杂交鲍与海藻混养的合适密度比例,分2部分进行试验。第一部分将不同密度的石莼和真江蓠分别在水产养殖废水中养殖24h,观察24h内水体中NH+4-N,NO-2-N,NO-3-N,PO3-4-P的浓度变化。结果显示:2种海藻都能有效地吸收4种营养盐,且随着海藻密度的增加,吸收效果也加强;第二部分试验,将不同密度的杂交鲍分别与密度为3g·L-1的石莼和6g·L-1的真江蓠进行混养。结果显示:随着杂交鲍密度的增加,杂交鲍的生长率有所下降。当杂交鲍混养密度为400粒·池-1时,杂交鲍的生长率相较密度为200粒·池-1时差异不显著,而与杂交鲍密度为600粒·池-1时差异显著。结果还表明,同等密度的杂交鲍,与石莼混养的养殖效果优于真江蓠。

关键词：石莼真江蓠杂交鲍混养密度

Combined effects of light intensity and NH_4^+-enrichment on growth, pigmentation, and photosynthetic performance of Ulva prolifera(Chlorophyta)

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2014年第5期32卷 1016-1023页

作者：徐智广吴海一詹冬梅孙福新孙建璋王广策 Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Marine Biology Institute of Shandong Province Macroalgae Engineering Technology Centre of Qingdao Yutian Group

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of light intensity and enhanced nitrogen supply on the growth and photosynthesis of the green-tide macroalga, Ulva prolifera. Thalli of U. prolifera were grown in natural or NH 4 +-enriched seawater under two different light intensities for 7 days, and then the growth rate, pigmentation, and photosynthetic performance of the thalli were evaluated. The results show that the relative growth rate(RGR) was markedly higher under the high light level than under the low light level. Enrichment with NH 4 + enhanced the RGR under high light intensity, but did not affect RGR under low light intensity. In low light conditions, NH 4 +-enrichment resulted in a marked decrease in the maximal photosynthetic rate( P m) and the maximum carbon fixation rate( V max), but it did not affect the half saturation constant for carbon( K 0.5) or the ratio of V max to K 0.5, which reflects the carbon acquisition efficiency. In high light conditions, P m, K 0.5, and the dark respiration rate( R d) increased under NH 4 + enrichment, but V max and the V max / K 0.5 ratio decreased. Regardless of the light intensity, NH 4 +-enrichment did not affect the apparent photosynthetic efficiency( α), which refl ects the ability of the alga to use light energy at low light levels. Under both low and high light intensities, the chlorophyll a(Chl a), chlorophyll b(Chl b), and carotenoids(Car) contents in thalli were higher in NH 4 +-enriched than in natural seawater, except that there was a decrease in the Chl b content of thalli in NH 4 +-enriched seawater under low light intensity. Therefore, NH 4 + enrichment improved the growth and photosynthetic performance of U. prolifera under high light intensity, but not under low light intensity. We discuss the possible mechanisms underlying these physiological responses.

关键词：生长速率光合性能光照强度色素沉着富集绿藻石莼最大光合速率

三种大型海藻对海水中营养盐供应变化的生理响应研究

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三种大型海藻对海水中营养盐供应变化的生理响应研究

作者：程丽巍南京农业大学

学位级别：硕士

近海海水富营养化是目前海洋严峻的生态环境问题,大型海藻对氮营养盐的响应方面已经有很多研究。同时,针对氮、磷营养盐因子共同作用对大型海藻的生理生态影响方面的研究也引起了学者们广泛的兴趣。但是,大型海藻如何响应环境氮、磷营... 详细信息

近海海水富营养化是目前海洋严峻的生态环境问题,大型海藻对氮营养盐的响应方面已经有很多研究。同时,针对氮、磷营养盐因子共同作用对大型海藻的生理生态影响方面的研究也引起了学者们广泛的兴趣。但是,大型海藻如何响应环境氮、磷营养盐变化以及氮磷营养盐吸收特性及营养盐代谢规律对研究大型海藻生理生化及对富营养化海域的修复作用十分重要,需要进一步的深入探索。本文在综述了有关大型海藻对海洋环境中氮、磷营养盐浓度升高的响应以及氮、磷对其生理生态影响的基础上,力图探讨氮、磷相互作用对大型海藻龙须菜、石莼以及羊栖菜生理生化、环境因素对营养盐吸收速率以及营养盐吸收代谢规律的影响,以期为这三种主要的大型经济海藻作为修复富营养化海水的推荐品种提供一定的理论基础。主要研究工作包括以下方面：（1）不同氮磷水平对三种大型经济海藻生理生化特性的影响;（2）光照及温度水平对不同营养盐限制状态下大型经济海藻营养盐吸收的影响;（3）光照和温度水平下氮饱和和氮限制状态下石莼的硝态氮吸收动力学研究。主要的研究结果如下： Ⅰ.氮磷同时加富条件下,龙须菜和石莼生长显著增加,可溶性蛋白含量升高;龙须菜的光合作用增强,色素含量显著增加。而氮加富使得羊栖菜生长受到抑制,可溶性蛋白含量显著降低。同时,三种海藻的可溶性糖含量在营养盐加富条件下均降低。这些结果都说明：氮磷同时加富可以促进龙须菜和石莼的生长和体内氮库的积累,而羊栖菜对氮的耐受力较低,氮加富对其生长起到负作用。 Ⅱ.龙须菜、石莼和羊栖菜对营养盐的响应不同：三种海藻的营养盐吸收速率在高营养盐浓度下较大。龙须菜和羊栖菜吸收效率在10℃和20℃下较高,而石莼在30℃条件仍可以保持较高的吸收速率。光照强度对其吸收效率也会产生影响,较低光强下的吸收能力和吸收效率均高于黑暗和高光强条件。可见,温度、光照及底物浓度等环境因子都会影响三种海藻对氮、磷的吸收特性。 Ⅲ.石莼在营养限制后对硝态氮吸收速率明显增大,而光照和温度通过影响藻体光合作用等其他生理过程间接影响海藻对营养的吸收,20℃时有利于营养盐的吸收。而在适当温度范围内,光照强度越大,石莼对硝态氮的吸收速率越高。而在高温条件下,光强升高并不能促进营养盐的吸收。可见,藻体的生理状态是影响藻体硝态氮的吸收的一个主要因素。同时,温度、光照等环境因子都会影响三种海藻对氮、磷的吸收特性。综合以上结果,光照、温度和营养盐浓度等环境因子对龙须菜、石莼和羊栖菜的生理特性,尤其是营养盐吸收特性,都会产生显著的影响。本文试验结果表明龙须菜和石莼较适宜用作环境修复的品种,认为在把这两种海藻作为环境修复的品种进行研究和应用时,一定要考虑其生长的环境因素。

关键词：龙须菜石莼羊栖菜营养盐吸收生化组成

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秋日海岛的博物之旅

海洋世界 2015年第11期 8-23页

作者：方方

入秋计划到辽宁唯一的海岛县——长海游玩,提早和岛上的兄弟打好招呼,＂老君＂兄陪我同游。船从普兰店市皮口港出发,一个多小时到大长山岛,这里是长海县城所在地,是长海诸岛中最繁华的一个岛,一座跨海大桥将一里之遥的小长山岛连在一起... 详细信息

入秋计划到辽宁唯一的海岛县——长海游玩,提早和岛上的兄弟打好招呼,＂老君＂兄陪我同游。船从普兰店市皮口港出发,一个多小时到大长山岛,这里是长海县城所在地,是长海诸岛中最繁华的一个岛,一座跨海大桥将一里之遥的小长山岛连在一起,两岛从此合成一体。天空是蓝的,海水也是蓝的,海天之间黄色的沙滩,绿色的小山,海滨上零星分布着漂亮的小房子,整洁的街区,静谧的小岛让人感到安逸和舒适。

关键词：大长山岛小长山岛海岛县老君肉球近方蟹贯众属细叶沙参小螃蟹一丛丛石莼

Antimicrobial Activity of Ulva reticulata and Its Endophytes

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2016年第2期15卷 363-369页

作者： Dhanya K.I. Swati V.I. Vanka Kanth Swaroop Osborne W.J. School of Biosciences and Technology lilT UniversityVellore-632014lndia

Seaweeds are known to exhibit various antimicrobial properties,since it harbours an enormous range of indigenous bioactive compounds.The emergence of drug resistant strains has directed to the identification of prospective metabolites from seaweed and its endophytes,thereby exploiting the properties in resisting bacterial diseases.The current study was aimed to assess the antimicrobial activity of extracts obtained from Ulva reticulate,for which metabolites of Ulva reticulata and its endophytes were extracted and assessed against human pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Salmonella typhi,and Bacillus subtilis.It was observed that the hexane extract of isolate VITDSJ2 was effective against all the tested pathogens but a significant inhibition was observed for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.Further,Gas chromatography coupled with Mass spectroscopy(GC-MS) revealed the existence of phenol,3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) in the crude hexane extract which is well-known to possess antibacterial activity.The effective isolate VITDSJ2 was identified to be the closest neighbour of Pseudomonas stutzeri by phenotypic and genotypic methods.The crude extracts of the seaweed Ulva reticulata was also screened for antibacterial activity and the hexane extract was effective in showing inhibition against all the tested pathogens.The compound in the crude extract of Ulva reticulata was identified as hentriacontane using GC-MS.The extracts obtained from dichloromethane did not show significant activity in comparison with the hexane extracts.Hence the metabolites of Ulva reticulata and the bacterial secondary metabolites of the endophytes could be used in the treatment of bacterial infections.

关键词：抗菌活性内生真菌石莼次级代谢产物生物活性化合物金黄色葡萄球菌气相色谱-质谱法铜绿假单胞菌

The Appearance of Ulva laetevirens(Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) in the Northeast Coast of the United States of America

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2014年第5期13卷 865-870页

作者： MAO Yunxiang Jang Kyun Kim Roderick Wilson Charles Yarish Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut at Stamford Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MOE) College of Marine Life Sciences Ocean University of China Department of Marine Sciences University of Connecticut at Stamford

Introduced species may outcompete or hybridize with native species, resulting in the loss of native biodiversity or even alteration of ecosystem processes. In this study, we reported an alien distromatic Ulva species, which was found in an embayment(Holly Pond) connected with Long Island Sound, USA. The morphological and anatomical observations in combination with molecular data were used for its identification to species. Anatomy of collected specimens showed that the cell shape in rhizoidal and basal regions was round and the marginal teeth along the basal and median region were not found. These characteristics were primarily identical to the diagnostic characteristics of Ulva laetevirens Areschoug(Chlorophyta). The plastid-encoding tufA and nucleus-encoding ITS1 were used for its molecular identification. Phylogenetic analysis for the tufA gene placed the specimens from Holly Pond in a well-supported clade along with published sequences of U. laetevirens identified early without any sequence divergence. In ITS tree, the sample also formed well-supported clades with the sequences of U. laetevirens with an estimated sequence divergence among the taxa in these clades as low as 1%. These findings confirmed the morpho-anatomical conclusion. Native to Australia, this species was reported in several countries along the Mediterranean coast after the late of 1990 s. This is the first time that U. laetevirens is found in the northeast coast of United States and the second record for Atlantic North America.

关键词：石莼海岸东北绿藻序列差异外观生态系统过程系统发育分析

Ulva and Enteromorpha(Ulvaceae,Chlorophyta) from two sides of the Yellow Sea:analysis of nuclear rDNA ITS and plastid rbcL sequence data

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2010年第4期28卷 762-768页

作者：王金锋李楠姜鹏 BOO Sung Min LEE Wook Jae 崔玉琳林瀚智赵瑾刘正一秦松 Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research for Sustainable Development Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Biology Chungnam National University Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University

Ulvacean green seaweeds are common worldwide;they formed massive green tides in the Yellow Sea in recent years,which caused marine ecological problems as well as a social issue.We investigated two major genera of the Ulvaceae,Ulva and Enteromorpha,and collected the plastid rbcL and nuclear ITS sequences of specimens of the genera in two sides of the Yellow Sea and analyzed them.Phylogenetic trees of rbcL data show the occurrence of five species of Enteromorpha(E.compressa,E.flexuosa,E.intestinalis,E.linza and E.prolifera) and three species of Ulva(U.pertusa,U.rigida and U.ohnoi).However,we found U.ohnoi,which is known as a subtropical to tropical species,at two sites on Jeju Island,Korea.Four ribotypes in partial sequences of 5.8S rDNA and ITS2 from E.compressa were also found.Ribotype network analysis revealed that the common ribotype,occurring in China,Korea and Europe,is connected with ribotypes from Europe and China/Japan.Although samples of the same species were collected from both sides of the Yellow Sea,intraspecific genetic polymorphism of each species was low among samples collected worldwide.

关键词：核rDNA rbcL ITS2 黄海序列石莼叶绿体大肠杆菌