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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第15期50卷 1541-1554页

作者： Geoffrey F. Davies Research School of Earth Sciences Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia

The existence of at least several plumes in the Earth’s mantle can be inferred with few assumptions from well-established observations. As well, thermal mantle plumes can be predicted from well-established and quanti-fied fluid dynamics and a plausible assumption about the Earth’s early thermal state. Some additional important ob-servations, especially of flood basalts and rift-related mag-matism, have been shown to be plausibly consistent with the physical theory. Recent claims to have detected plumes using seismic tomography may comprise the most direct evidence for plumes, but plume tails are likely to be difficult to resolve definitively and the claims need to be well tested. Although significant questions remain about its viability, the plume hypothesis thus seems to be well worth continued investiga-tion. Nevertheless there are many non-plate-related mag-matic phenomena whose association with plumes is unclear or unlikely. Compositional buoyancy has recently been shown potentially to substantially complicate the dynamics of plumes, and this may lead to explanations for a wider range of phenomena, including “headless” hotspot tracks, than purely thermal plumes.

关键词：地球覆盖物羽毛流体动力学热量对流火山

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Mantle plumes: Why the current skepticism?

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第15期50卷 1555-1560页

作者： Gillian R. Foulger Department of Earth Sciences Science Laboratories University of Dur-ham South Rd. Durham DH1 3LE U.K.

The present reappraisal of the mantle plume hypothesis is perhaps the most exciting current debate in Earth science. Nevertheless, the fundamental reasons for why it has arisen are often not well understood. They are that 1) many observations do not agree with the predictions of the original model, 2) it is possible that convection of the sort required to generate thermal plumes in the Earth’s mantle does not occur, 3) so many variants of the original model have been invoked to accommodate conflicting data that the plume hypthesis is in practice no longer testable, and 4) al-ternative models are viable, though these have been largely neglected by researchers. Regardless of the final outcome, the present vigorous debate is to be welcomed since it is likely to stimulate new discoveries in a way that unquestioning acceptance of the conventional plume model will not.

关键词：地质学火山热量对流移动覆盖物地球科学

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