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Transdifferentiation of pancreatic α-cells into insulinsecreting cells: From experimental models to underlying mechanisms

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World Journal of Diabetes 2014年第6期5卷 847-853页

作者： Jieli Lu Rami Jaafer Rémy Bonnavion Philippe Bertolino Chang-Xian Zhang Sino-French Life Science and Genomic Center the E-Institute of ShanghaiShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin HospitalShang-hai Jiao Tong University Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University Inserm U1052 Cancer Research Centre of Lyon CNRS UMR5286 Cancer Research Centre of Lyon Cancer Research Centre of Lyon Université de Lyon

Pancreatic insulin-secreting β-cells are essential regulators of glucose metabolism. New strategies are cur-rently being investigated to create insulin-producing β cells to replace deficient β cells, including the differentiation of either stem or progenitor cells, and the newly uncovered transdifferentiation of mature non-β islet cell types. However, in order to correctly drive any cell to adopt a new β-cell fate, a better understanding of the in vivo mechanisms involved in the plasticity and biology of islet cells is urgently required. Here, we review the recent studies reporting the phenomenon of transdifferentiation of α cells into β cells by focusing on the major candidates and contexts revealed to be involved in adult β-cell regeneration through this process. The possible underlying mechanisms of transdifferentiation and the interactions between several key factors involved in the process are also addressed. We propose that it is of importance to further study the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying α- to β-cell transdifferentiation, in order to make β-cell regeneration from α cells a relevant and realizable strategy for developing cell-replacement therapy.

关键词： α-cell β-cell Transdifferentiation Diabetes mellitus cell-replacement therapy

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