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The Custodians of State Policies Dealing With the Financial Crisis： A Comparison Between France and the US

International Relations and Diplomacy 2017年第6期5卷 322-341页

作者： William Genieys Jean Joana University ofMontpellier Montpellier France University of Montpellier Montpellier France

Following the 2008 global economic crisis and rolling out of austerity measures, elites of the state seem to have become a ＂political species＂ of their own, now under threat of extinction. The study of the health and defense policy reforms in France and the US during the 1990s and 2000s shows that far from disappearing, the influence of state elites is being strategically reconfigured to defend some sector-specific policies. Similarly to those ＂custodians of policy＂ dear to P. Selznick, small groups of elites are gaining expertise within strategic sectors of public policy; they are also making the need to control the cost of public spending their royal battle, in order to safeguard what they see as the crucial role of the public good. In the American cases study, the image of the ＂revolving door＂, which encapsulates the idea of professional mobility back and forth from the private to the public sector, implies a fragmented state, open to external pressures of social groups. We document career and professional trajectories marked by a strong commitment to a given policy area. Circulation, we note, is frequent between these positions in the public sector. While these findings do not in and of themselves allow us to fully assess the influence wielded by these elites, this study identifies the social and political resources and forms of specialization which predispose them to play important roles in shaping public policy. For the past 30 years, the question of varieties of liheralisation has been put forward as an explanatory factor for a wide range of public policies （Schrnidt ＆ Thatcher, 2013; Thelen, 2014）. In this perspective, numerous authors have theorised the dismantling of democratic states and the weakening of public authority that would follow （Suleiman, 2003; Fukuyama, 2004; Bez^s, 2009; Bonneli ＆ Pelletier, 2010; Lodge, 2013）. Research on public policy has focused on the success of neoliberal ideas among European and North American political elites （Pierson,

关键词： élites defense policy health policy France USA

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