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要重视医学杂志的统计质量

编辑学报 1989年第2期1卷 109-110页

作者：方亚张揆一同济医科大学环境统计学教研室 <同济医科大学学报>编辑部湖北武汉市航空路13号430030

统计方法是科研可行性的基础。然而,医学杂志对此认识起步较晚。对医学科研文章中存在的统计学问题进行评论,国外是从60年代逐渐开展起来的,国内则起始于80年代。开始主要是对统计学显著性及正常范围等解释上的错误进行分析,后来进一步... 详细信息

统计方法是科研可行性的基础。然而,医学杂志对此认识起步较晚。对医学科研文章中存在的统计学问题进行评论,国外是从60年代逐渐开展起来的,国内则起始于80年代。开始主要是对统计学显著性及正常范围等解释上的错误进行分析,后来进一步对医学杂志中存在的统计设计及统计分析方面的问题作了研究,结果发现大量医学论文在统计学方面存在缺陷。

关键词：统计学问题统计学显著性统计质量统计分析科研设计论著稿实验设计统计方法统计设计加拿大医学会

King健康问卷(德文版)评价尿失禁妇女的生活质量(德)

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（妇产科学分册） 2006年第4期2卷 35-36页

作者： Bjelic-Radisic V. Dorfer M. Tamussino K. 朱国栋 Abteilung für Allgemeine Gynkologie Geburtshilflich-Gynkoogische Universittsklinik Graz Auenbruggerplatz 14 8036 Graz Austria Dr.

Purpose: We tested the psychometric properties of the German version of the King’s Health questionnaire and describe the scoring procedure. Material and Methods: A total of 145 patients treated for stress incontinence completed the Germanl anguage King’sHealth Questionnaire and the SF-36 before and after treatment. A psychometric analysis of the instrument was performed, determining reliability, validity and responsiveness of the King’s Health questionnaire. Results: The subscales of the King’s Health Questionnaire showed a good internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients between 0.76 and 0.86. For the German version we defined a new subscale for overactive bladder. This subscale also showed a good internal consistency. The criterion validity measured on clinical parameters showed statistically significant correlations between severity of incontinence and several King’s subscales: Incontinence Impact (r = 0.22, p = 0.013), Personal Relationships(r = 0.24, p = 0.006) and Physical Limitations (r = 0.22, p = 0.010). Regarding responsiveness statistically significant changes before and after therapy were found in the subscales: Incontinence Impact, Physical Limitations, Social Limitations, Personal Relationships, Emotional Problems, and Sleep and Energy Disturbances. Conclusion: The German version of the King’s Health Questionnaire showed good psychometric properties and can be used in clinical trials and in clinical practice for the evaluation of treatments and their impact on urinary incontinence.

关键词： King 德文版膀胱过度活动症生活质量子量表应答情况心理测量临床参数统计学显著性内部

使用手动负压吸引处理不全流产时的宫颈旁阻滞治疗:一项临床随机试验

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（妇产科学分册） 2005年第8期1卷 33-34页

作者： Gómez P.I. Gaitán H. Nova C. Paradas A. 成健 Dr.Clinical Research Institute Universidad Nacional de Colombia Institute Materno Infantil Carrera 10#1-66 sur Bogotá Colombia

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effectiveness of paracervical block in controlling pain among women treated with manual vacuum aspiration for an incomplete abortion METHODS: A randomized clinical trial was conducted at Nuestra Senora de Altagracia, a maternal and perinatal referral hospital in the Dominican Republic The sample size was based on a clinical difference of 1.5 points in the level of pain measured with the visual analog scale using 90%power and a sampling error of 0.04. Women who were at 12 weeks of gestation or less with an incomplete abortion were eligible to participate. They were randomly assigned to receive either the standard treatment of care (manual vacuum aspiration for uterine evacuation with psychological support but no paracervical block) or manual vacuum aspiration treatment with psychological support and paracervical block using 1.0%lidocaine. Patients with active infections, severe illnesses, psychiatric disorders, or allergies to lidocaine were excluded. Intraoperative pain as reported by the women and as documented by an external observer was measured. RESULTS: Although Ae paracervical block technique used showed a slight reduction in severe pain, there were no clinically or statistically significant differences in intraoperative pain between the 2 groups (relative risk 0.73; 95%confidence interval 0.43, 1.23) with 50%of all patients registering 7 or higher score on a visual analog pain scale of 0-10. However, statistically significant differences were found in each group when comparing the level of preoperative and intraoperative pain described by the patient (P < .001). The manual vacuum aspiration technique and the paracervical Hock were not accompanied by complications. CONCLUSION: The paracervical block technique used in this study along with psychological support was comparable with pain control using psychological support alone; neither pain management regimen provided sufficient pain control. It is recommended that randomized comparat

关键词：阻滞治疗不全流产负压吸引随机试验多卡因清宫术利多卡因过敏止痛疗效视觉类统计学显著性

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脂肪在母猪日粮中的使用

国外畜牧学(猪与禽) 1986年第5期 13-14页

作者： B.D.Moser 张健美国密苏里大学

许多研究表明,美国活产仔猪中约有25％在断奶前死亡,其中多数死在生后头几天,主要原因是被母猪压死以及由于寒冷、饥饿和脱水导致虚弱而死。最近,为了提高新生仔猪的存活率,在妊娠后期和泌乳期给母猪日粮中添加脂肪已成为一个主要的研... 详细信息

许多研究表明,美国活产仔猪中约有25％在断奶前死亡,其中多数死在生后头几天,主要原因是被母猪压死以及由于寒冷、饥饿和脱水导致虚弱而死。最近,为了提高新生仔猪的存活率,在妊娠后期和泌乳期给母猪日粮中添加脂肪已成为一个主要的研究课题。研究中,给妊娠109天到分娩的母猪日粮添加玉米油,提高了仔猪21天存活率。

关键词：产仔猪牛羊脂乳产量活重能量摄入量常乳乳仔猪统计学显著性密苏里大学司士

子宫平滑肌瘤患者p16蛋白的表达:一项免疫组织化学分析

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（妇产科学分册） 2005年第5期1卷 40-41页

作者： Bodner-Adler B Bodner K Czerwenka K 朱国栋

The loss of cell cycle control is a critical step in the development of neopla sia. The p16 protein has been identified as a tumor suppressor protein, which bi nds specifically to the cyclin-de-pendent kinase CDK-4, inhibiting the cataly tic activity of the CDK4-cyclin D complex, and thereby acts as a negative cell cycle regulator. In the present study, we compared the expression of p16 protein in cases with leiomyoma, uterine smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant pot ential (STUMP), and leiomyosarcoma (LMS). P16 expression was investigated by imm unohistochemistry from paraffin-embedded tissue in 26 patients with leiomyoma, in 24 patients with STUMP, and in 21 patients with LMS. P16 was expressed in 12 %of leiomyomas, in 21%of STUMP, and in 57%of LMS. A statistically significant difference regarding the frequency of p16 protein expression was observed betwe en LMS and STUMP (P 0.05). Likewise, the staining intensity did significantly differ between LMS and leiomyoma and between LMS and STUMP (P 0.05). No statistically significant correlation between p16 express ion and clinical stage, age, vascular space involvement, and recurrence disease could be found in patients with LMS (P >0.05). Additionally, the overall surviva l did not significantly differ between p16-positive and p16-neg-ative cases ( P >0.05). We found that p16 was more frequently and more strongly expressed in L MS compared to STUMP and leiomyoma. We therefore concluded that p16 might play a n important role in sarcomagenesis. Furthermore, p16 might be a useful immunohistochemical mark er, which could help to distinguish cases of smooth muscle tumors in which histo logic features are ambiguous or borderline, but the use of p16 in a diagnostic s etting should await further clinical studies and clarification

关键词：子宫平滑肌瘤 p16蛋白免疫组织化学石蜡包埋标本细胞周期交界性平滑肌瘤组织学诊断恶性度负性调控因子统计学显著性

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电子计算机在临床协助鉴别肝硬变与肝癌

广州医药 1986年第2期 71-72页

作者：朱科伦马佩球赖建红邓玉玲广州医学院第一附属医院传染病教研室广州医学院第一附属医院传染病教研室

肝硬变与肝细胞癌(以下简称肝癌)在病理演变上有一定关系,临床上两病的表现互相重叠,如都可以有肝脾肿大、黄疸、腹水、肝痛等。虽然B型超声、同位素肝扫描、甲胎蛋白测定等诊断对两者的鉴别起了很大作用,但仍有一定的局限性。为了提... 详细信息

肝硬变与肝细胞癌(以下简称肝癌)在病理演变上有一定关系,临床上两病的表现互相重叠,如都可以有肝脾肿大、黄疸、腹水、肝痛等。虽然B型超声、同位素肝扫描、甲胎蛋白测定等诊断对两者的鉴别起了很大作用,但仍有一定的局限性。为了提高诊断准确度,我们试利用电子计算机在临床上协助鉴别肝硬变与肝癌,现报告如下。一、方法收集肝硬变117例、肝癌242例的临床资料52项,通过统计学显著性检验,筛选出有鉴别意义的25项,即:肝炎既往史、嗜酒史、右上

关键词：肝细胞癌甲胎蛋白测定诊断准确度统计学显著性肝脾肿大临床资料同位素扫描病理演变肝血流肝区

非烧蚀性颜面重塑:用300μs的1064nmNd:YAG激光治疗后红斑减轻并出现新胶原形成的组织学表现

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2005年第3期1卷 39-40页

作者： Schmults C.D. Phelps R. Goldberg D.J. 牛新武 Skin Laser Surg. Sp ecialists NY NJ 20 Prospect Ave Hackensack NJ 07601 United States Dr.

Background: A variety of nonablative lasers have been used to improve skin co lor and toning. Evidence of new collagen has been seen. Using blinded observer a nalysis of electron microscopic changes, we have documented the effect of a nona blative Nd:YAG laser on collagen production and its relationship to patient age. Observations: Ultrastructural analysis of 9 patients showed a decrease in overa ll collagen fiber diameter in the papillary dermis at 1 month and 3 months after 3 treatment sessions. This is consistent with the formation of new collagen. Yo unger patients had a greater decrease in collagen fiber diameter compared with o lder patients. The change in collagen fiber diameter with time as well as the re lationship between that change and the patient’s age were statistically signif icant (P<.001). Photographic evaluation showed that those patients with preexist ing erythema showed improvement in erythema along with an associated improvement in skin quality. There were no adverse events. Conclusions: Microsecond Nd:YAG lasers appear to be safe for nonablative laser remodeling. Our study indicates t hat microsecond Nd:YAG lasers can produce new collagen formation in the papillar y dermis. In addition, the condition of patients with erythema may be improved. Younger patients may form more new collagen compared with older patients with ph otodamage.

关键词：超微结构真皮乳头紧张性统计学显著性观点一致微秒级于非

吸烟心理流行病学——吸烟行为的心理因素与焦油代偿现象的研究

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心肺血管学报 1986年第4期 22-25页

作者：王若涛马凤阁刘黛莉冯建英天津医学院天津医学院天津劳动卫生研究所天津心血管病研究所

调研目的探求成为吸烟者的心理因素,为禁烟和戒烟提供科学依据。内容包括:1.青少年开始吸烟时的一些心理因素。2.吸烟者的心理类型分布。3.吸烟与个性(艾森克个性和A型个性)的关系。再者研究:在控制卷烟中尼古丁含量时,吸烟者是否对焦... 详细信息

调研目的探求成为吸烟者的心理因素,为禁烟和戒烟提供科学依据。内容包括:1.青少年开始吸烟时的一些心理因素。2.吸烟者的心理类型分布。3.吸烟与个性(艾森克个性和A型个性)的关系。再者研究:在控制卷烟中尼古丁含量时,吸烟者是否对焦油含量有代偿现象。方法和资料收集 1.吸烟心理因素的调研资料来源:资料主要取材于天津市棉纺三厂工人。其它,对18

关键词：心理因素艾森克调研资料三厂资料收集统计学显著性吸烟率吸烟人数吸烟危害戒断症状

在匈牙利NovaT和TCu200Ag的比较

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国外医学(计划生育分册) 1988年第3期 179-180页

作者：经小萍

这是二种IUD的随机比较性研究。1982年2月至1983年2月,在匈牙利的二个计划生育诊所,随机放置NovaT与TCu200Ag。放置后1、3、6、12和24个月复查。按照Tietze的生命表法分析妊娠率、脱落率及因症或个人原因取出率。用秩和卡方检测二组间... 详细信息

这是二种IUD的随机比较性研究。1982年2月至1983年2月,在匈牙利的二个计划生育诊所,随机放置NovaT与TCu200Ag。放置后1、3、6、12和24个月复查。按照Tietze的生命表法分析妊娠率、脱落率及因症或个人原因取出率。用秩和卡方检测二组间的统计学显著性意义,分析时最后1例放置满30月。共放置NovaT855例;TCu 883例,二组间的年龄或产次无统计学的显著性差异。在NovaT的855例中,12月及24月失访率分别

关键词：脱落率取出率比较性研究 NovaT TCu200Ag 卡方检测生命表统计学显著性个人原因妇女年