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Neural differentiation from pluripotent stem cells:The role of natural and synthetic extracellular matrix

World Journal of Stem Cells 2014年第1期6卷 11-23页

作者： Yan Li Meimei Liu Yuanwei Yan Shang-Tian Yang Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering FAMU-FSU College of EngineeringFlorida State University Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The Ohio State University Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering FAMU-FSU College of Engineering Florida State University

Neural cells differentiated from pluripotent stem cells(PSCs), including both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, provide a powerful tool for drug screening, disease modeling and regenerative medicine. High-purity oligodendrocyte progenitor cells(OPCs) and neural progenitor cells(NPCs) have been derived from PSCs recently due to the advancements in understanding the developmental signaling pathways. Extracellular matrices(ECM) have been shown to play important roles in regulating the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of neural cells. To improve the function and maturation of the derived neural cells from PSCs, understanding the effects of ECM over the course of neural differentiation of PSCs is critical. During neural differentiation of PSCs, the cells are sensitive to the properties of natural or synthetic ECMs, including biochemical composition, biomechanical properties, and structural/topographical features. This review summarizes recent advances in neural differentiation of humanPSCs into OPCs and NPCs, focusing on the role of ECM in modulating the composition and function of the differentiated cells. Especially, the importance of using three-dimensional ECM scaffolds to simulate the in vivo microenvironment for neural differentiation of PSCs is highlighted. Future perspectives including the immediate applications of PSC-derived neural cells in drug screening and disease modeling are also discussed.

关键词： Pluripotent stem cells Neural differentiation Extracellular matrix Three-dimensional Drug screening

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Dendritic cells derived from pluripotent stem cells:Potential of large scale production

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2014年第1期6卷 1-10页

作者： Yan Li Meimei Liu Shang-Tian Yang Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University-Florida State University College of EngineeringFlorida State University William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The Ohio State University

Human pluripotent stem cells(hPSCs), including human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells, are promising sources for hematopoietic cells due to their unlimited growth capacity and the pluripotency. Dendritic cells(DCs), the unique immune cells in the hematopoietic system, can be loaded with tumor specific antigen and used as vaccine for cancer immunotherapy. While autologous DCs from peripheral blood are limited in cell number, hPSC-derived DCs provide a novel alternative cell source which has the potential for large scale production. This review summarizes recent advances in differentiating hPSCs to DCs through the intermediate stage of hematopoietic stem cells. Step-wise growth factor induction has been used to derive DCs from hPSCs either in suspension cultureof embryoid bodies(EBs) or in co-culture with stromal cells. To fulfill the clinical potential of the DCs derived from hPSCs, the bioprocess needs to be scaled up to produce a large number of cells economically under tight quality control. This requires the development of novel bioreactor systems combining guided EB-based differentiation with engineered culture environment. Hence, recent progress in using bioreactors for hPSC lineage-specific differentiation is reviewed. In particular, the potential scale up strategies for the multistage DC differentiation and the effect of shear stress on hPSC differentiation in bioreactors are discussed in detail.

关键词： Pluripotent stem cells Dendritic cells Bioreactor Hematopoietic differentiation Large scale production

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