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A splice variant of PGRP-LC required for expression of antimicrobial peptides in Anopheles gambiae

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Insect Science 2007年第3期14卷 185-192页

作者： HUI LIN LINGMIN ZHANG CORALIA LUNA NGO T. HOA LIANGBIAO ZHENG Fujian Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Fuzhou China Department of Parasitology Medical College Jinan University Shipai Guangzhou China Yale University School of Medicine Epidemiology and Public Health New Haven CT 06520 USA

Members of the peptidoglycan recognition protein （PGRP） family play essential roles in different manifestations of immune responses in insects. PGRP-LC, one of seven members of this family in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae produced several spliced variants. Here we show that PGRP-LC, and not other members of the PGRP family nor the six members of the Gram-negative binding protein families, is required for the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes （such as CEC1 and GAM1） under the control of the Imd-Rel2 pathway in an A. gambiae cell line, 4a3A. PGRP-LC produces many splice variants that can be classified into three sub-groups （LC1, LC2 and LC3）, based on the carboxyl terminal sequences. RNA interference against one LC1 sub-group resulted in dramatic reduction of CEC1 and GAM1. Over-expression of LCla and to a lesser extent LC3a （a member of the LC1 and LC3 sub-group, respectively） in the 4a3A cell line enhances the expression of CEC1 and GAM1. These results demonstrate that the LC1-subgroup splice variants are essential for the expression of CEC1 and GAM1 in A. gambiae cell line.

关键词： antimicrobial innate immunity malaria mosquito peptidoglycan recognition protein

Seguin Form Board as an intelligence tool for young children in an Indian urban slum

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2017年第4期5卷 275-281页

作者： Beena Koshy Hannah Mary Thomas T Prasanna Samuel Rajiv Sarkar Scott Kendall Gagandeep Kang Developmental Paediatrics Christian Medical CollegeVelloreIndia Department of Biostatistics Christian Medical CollegeVelloreIndia Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences Christian Medical CollegeVelloreIndia University of California IrvineCAUSA

Objective:The present study evaluates the concurrent and predictive validity of the Seguin Form Board Test(SFBT)as an intelligence tool for children in low-and middle-income ***:In a cohort of normal children,followed up in South India,two cross-sectional analyses were done at 3 and 7 years of age on 95 *** SFBT and Vineland Social Matu-rity Scale(VSMS)were done at 3 years of age and Malin’s Intelligence Scale for Indian Children(MISIC)and the VSMS were done at 7 years of age,and the results were compared for concurrent and predictive validity for the ***:Intelligence quotient and social quotient had positive correlations at 3 years of age,indicating fair concurrent *** SFBT done at around 3 years of age had good positive cor-relation with MISIC at 7 years of age,indicating good predictive ***:This study shows the utility of the SFBT as a community-based intelligence tool with acceptable concurrent and predictive validity.

关键词： Intelligence tests Seguin Form Board Test Malin’s Intelligence Scale for Indian Children Vineland Social Maturity Scale

Assembly of a parts list ofthe human mitotic cell cycle machinery

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2019年第8期11卷 703-718页

作者： Bruno Giott Sz-Hau Chen Mark W.Barnett Tim Regan Tony Ly Stefan Wiemann David A.Hume Tom C.Freeman The Roslin Institute University of Edinburgh Easter Bush Midlothian EH25 9RG Scotland UK Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute EDyP Department CEA Grenoble 17 rue des Martyrs 38054 Grenoble France wellcome Centre for Cell Biology University of Edinburgh Swann Building Edinburgh EH9 3BF Scotland UK Molecular Genome Analysis (B050) Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Im Neuenheimer Feld 580 69120 Heidelberg Germany Mater Research Institute University of Queensland Level 3 Aubigny Place Raymond Terrace South Brisbane Qld 4101 Australia

The set of proteins required for mitotic division remains poorly characterized. Here, an extensive series of correlation analyses of human and mouse transcriptomics data were performed to identify genes strongly and reproducibly associated with cells undergoing S/G2-M phases of the cell cycle. In so doing, 701 cell cycle-associated genes were defined and while it was shown that many are only expressed during these phases, the expression of others is also driven by alternative promoters. Of this list, 496 genes have known cell cycle functions, whereas 205 were assigned as putative cell cycle genes, 53 of which are functionally uncharacterized. Among these, 27 were screened for subcellular localization revealing many to be nuclear localized and at least three to be novel centrosomal proteins. Furthermore, 10 others inhibited cell proliferation upon siRNA knockdown. This study presents the first comprehensive list of human cell cycle proteins, identifying many new candidate proteins.

关键词： cell cycle systems biology gene expression transcriptome network analysis

Putting the treatment of paediatric schistosomiasis into context

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 748-753页

作者： Takafira Mduluza Francisca Mutapi Biochemistry Department University of ZimbabweP.O.Box MP167Mount PleasantHarareZimbabwe School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences College of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu NatalDurbanSouth Africa Institute of Immunology&Infection Research University of EdinburghAshworth LaboratoriesKing’s BuildingsCharlotte Auerbach RoadEdinburgh EH93FLUK

Despite increased international efforts to control schistosomiasis using preventive chemotherapy,several challenges still exist in reaching the target *** recently,preschool-aged children had been excluded from the recommended target population for mass drug administration,*** school children aged 6-15 *** studies and those of others provided the evidence base for the need to treat preschool-aged children that led to recommendations by the World Health Organization to include preschool-aged children in treatment programmes in *** major challenge now lies in the unavailability of a child-size formulation of the appropriate anthelmintic drug,*** currently available formulation of praziquantel presents several ***,it is a large tablet,making it difficult for young children and infants to swallow it and thus requires its breaking/crushing to allow for safe ***,it is bitter so it is often mixed with a sweetener to make it palatable for young ***,the current formulation of 600 mg does not allow for flexible dose adjustments for this age ***,there is a need to formulate a child-appropriate praziquantel *** paper discusses the target product profile for paediatric praziquantel,as well as knowledge gaps pertinent to the successful control of schistosome infection and disease in preschool-aged children.

关键词： Paediatric schistosomiasis Praziquantel Child-size medicine Target product profile Drug pipeline

Starting life in space

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National Science Review 2020年第9期7卷 1447-1448页

作者： Jake Cornwall-Scoones Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz Division of Biology and Biological Engineering Californian Institute of Technology

As far as we know, animal development is a process that is unique to our planet. That does not mean, however, that development beyond our realm is impossible. As it starts to become feasible for us to look to the sky for another place to call home, we may start to appreciate the gravity of this *** this issue, Lei et al. investigate for the first time the repercussions of space travel on the first decisions made by mouse embryos.

关键词： BLASTOMERES

Diagnostic performance of different specimens in detecting enterovirus A71 in children with hand,foot and mouth disease

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Virologica Sinica 2023年第2期38卷 268-275页

作者： Yonghong Zhou Chongchen Zhou Kai Wang Qi Qiu Yibing Cheng Yu Li Peng Cui Lu Liang Peng Li Xiaowei Deng Lili Wang Wen Zheng Hui Gong Fang Wang Meng Xu Justin Jang Hann Chu Lance Turtle Hongjie Yu School of Public Health Fudan UniversityKey Laboratory of Public Health SafetyMinistry of EducationShanghai200032China Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University Henan Children's HospitalZhengzhou450003China Division of Infectious Disease Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious DiseaseChinese Centre for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing102206China West China School of Public Health Sichuan UniversityChengdu610041China Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Infectious Disease Translational Research ProgrammeYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore117597Singapore NIHR Health Protection Research Unit for Emerging and Zoonotic Infections Institute of InfectionVeterinary and Ecological Sciences University of LiverpoolLiverpoolL697BEUK Tropical&Infectious Disease Unit Royal Liverpool University Hospital(member of Liverpool Health Partners)LiverpoolL78XPUK

Hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)is a major public health problem among children in the Asia-Pacific *** optimal specimen for HFMD virological diagnosis remains *** A71(EV-A71)neutralizing antibody titres detected in paired sera were considered the reference standard for calculating the sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive value of throat swabs,rectal swabs,stool,blood samples and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)by RT-PCR or ELISA *** this study,clinical samples from 276 HFMD patients were collected for analysing the sensitivity of different kind of *** results showed that stool had the highest sensitivity(88%,95%CI:74%–96%)and agreement with the reference standard(91%).The order of diagnostic yield for EV-A71 infection was stool samplerectal swab>throat swab>blood sample>CSF sample,and using a combination of clinical samples improved sensitivity for enterovirus *** sensitivity of ELISA for IgM antibody detection in sterile-site specimens was significantly higher than that of RT-PCR(serum/plasma:62%vs.2%,CSF:47%vs.0%)(P<0.002).In conclusion,our results suggest that stool has the highest diagnostic yield for EV-A71-infected *** stool is unavailable,rectal swabs can be collected to achieve a similar diagnostic ***,throat swabs may be useful in detecting positive *** IgM in blood or CSF is diagnostically accurate,it lacks sensitivity,missing 40%–50%of *** higher proportion of severe cases and shorter interval between onset and sampling contributed to the increase in congruency between clinical testing and the serological reference standard.

关键词： Hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD) Enterovirus A71(EV-A71) Sensitivity Specificity Evaluation of diagnostic methods

Individualized treatment options for patients with non-cirrhotic and cirrhotic liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第19期27卷 2281-2298页

作者： Lukas Hartl Joshua Elias Gerhard Prager Thomas Reiberger Lukas W Unger Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaVienna A-1090Austria Vienna Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab Medical University of ViennaVienna A-1090Austria Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridge CB20AWUnited Kingdom Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineUniversity of CambridgeAddenbrooke’s HospitalCambridge CB20QQUnited Kingdom Division of Visceral Surgery Department of General SurgeryMedical University of ViennaVienna A-1090Austria

The obesity pandemic has led to a significant increase in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).While dyslipidemia,type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases guide treatment in patients without signs of liver fibrosis,liver related morbidity and mortality becomes relevant for MAFLD’s progressive form,non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),and upon development of liver *** should be prescribed in patients without significant fibrosis despite concomitant liver diseases but are underutilized in the real-world *** surgery,especially Y-Roux bypass,has been proven to be superior to conservative and/or medical treatment for weight loss and resolution of obesity-associated diseases,but comes at a low but existent risk of surgical complications,reoperations and very rarely,paradoxical progression of *** end-stage liver disease develops,obese patients benefit from liver transplantation(LT),but may be at increased risk of perioperative infectious *** LT,metabolic comorbidities are commonly observed,irrespective of the underlying liver disease,but MAFLD/NASH patients are at even higher risk of disease *** studies with low patient numbers evaluated if,and when,bariatric surgery may be an option to avoid disease recurrence but more high-quality studies are needed to establish clear *** this review,we summarize the most recent literature on treatment options for MAFLD and NASH and highlight important considerations to tailor therapy to individual patient’s needs in light of their risk profile.

关键词： Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Portal hypertension Cirrhosis Bariatric surgery Metabolism

Tuning the translational freedom of DNA for high speed AFM

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Nano Research 2015年第6期8卷 1811-1821页

作者： Andrew J. Lee Michal Szymonik Jamie K. Hobbs Christoph Walti Bioelectronics School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Sheffield Sheffield 53 7RH UK

直接观察可以证明是调查在二分子的建筑群之间的相互作用的比较喜欢的方法。与高度的发展加速原子力量显微镜学(AFM ) ，直接与相关空间、时间的分辨率观察 DNA 蛋白质相互作用正在变得可能。这些相互作用具有到生物学， bionanotechnol... 详细信息

直接观察可以证明是调查在二分子的建筑群之间的相互作用的比较喜欢的方法。与高度的发展加速原子力量显微镜学(AFM ) ，直接与相关空间、时间的分辨率观察 DNA 蛋白质相互作用正在变得可能。这些相互作用具有到生物学， bionanotechnology，和功能的生物学上启发的材料的中央重要性。作为在所有显微镜学研究，样品准备在 AFM 观察和样品的最小的不安起一个中央作用被需要。这里，我们表明能力调节在 DNA 分子和表面之间的相互作用创造足够强壮的一个协会当也提供足够的翻译自由允许相关 protein-DNA 相互作用发生时，启用高分辨率的 AFM 成像。而且，我们为测量 DNA 活动性描述一个量的方法，当也决定贡献 DNA 运动的单个力量时。我们发现为一个弱表面协会，对运动的重要贡献从和 DNA 的 AFM 尖端的相互作用产生。在联合，这些方法启用调节表面由高度允许大量核蛋白相互作用的直接学习的分子加速的 DNA 的翻译自由原子力量显微镜学。

关键词： DNA-蛋白质相互作用 AFM 自由度平移调谐原子力显微镜 DNA分子生物功能材料

Modelling changing population distributions:an example of the Kenyan Coast,1979–2009

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2017年第10期10卷 1017-1029页

作者： Catherine Linard Caroline W.Kabaria Marius Gilbert Andrew J.Tatem Andrea E.Gaughan Forrest R.Stevens Alessandro Sorichetta Abdisalan M.Noor Robert W.Snow Spatial Epidemiology Lab(SpELL) UniversitéLibre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium Department of Geography Universitéde NamurNamurBelgium Spatial Health Metrics Group KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research ProgrammeNairobiKenya Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique(F.R.S.-FNRS) BrusselsBelgium WorldPop Department of Geography and EnvironmentUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK Fogarty International Center National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Flowminder Foundation StockholmSweden Department of Geography and Geosciences University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK

Large-scale gridded population datasets are usually produced for the year of input census data using a top-down approach and projected backward and forward in time using national growth *** temporal projections do not include any subnational variation in population distribution trends and ignore changes in geographical covariates such as urban land cover *** predictions of population distribution changes over time require the use of a limited number of covariates that are time-invariant or temporally *** we make use of recently released multi-temporal high-resolution global settlement layers,historical census data and latest developments in population distribution modelling methods to reconstruct population distribution changes over 30 years across the Kenyan *** explore the methodological challenges associated with the production of gridded population distribution time-series in data-scarce countries and show that trade-offs have to be found between spatial and temporal resolutions when selecting the best modelling *** used to fill data gaps may vary according to the local context and the objective of the *** work will hopefully serve as a benchmark for future developments of population distribution time-series that are increasingly required for population-at-risk estimations and spatial modelling in various fields.

关键词： Human population distribution modelling gridded population datasets temporal change Kenya