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Assessment of the effectiveness of wood pole repair using FRP considering the impact of climate change on decay and hurricane risk

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2020年第4期11卷 332-348页

作者： Eric MERsCHMAN Abdullahi M.sALMAN Emilio BAsTIDAs-ARTEAGA Yue LI department of Civil&Environmental Engineering The University of Alabama in HuntsvilleHuntsvilleAL 35899USA universitede Nantes GeMInstitute for Research in Civil and Mechanical EngineeringNantesCNRS UMR 6183France department of Civil Engineering Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH 44106USA

Electric power distribution systems are vulnerable to disruption due to severe weather events,especially *** vulnerability is expected to increase over time due to the impact of climate change on hurricanes and the decay of wood poles that support the distribution *** study investigates the effectiveness of using fiber-reinforced polymer(FRP)sleeve to reinforce wood poles subjected to decay and hurricane hazard to restore their lost strength and extend their effective service *** potential impact of climate change on the pole decay rate and the intensity and frequency of hurricanes is also *** optimal FRP repair time based on the structural reliability of the poles is also *** locations with varying climates are chosen to evaluate and compare the results:Miami,Charleston,and New York *** results show that in all three locations,the application of the FRP sleeve can more than double the service life of the pole depending on the time of the *** results also show that climate change significantly increases the vulnerability of the *** probability of failure of the pole at the end of the 21st century under RCP8.5 emission scenario in Miami,Charleston,and New York City increase by about 30%,70%,and 73%,respectively,compared to a no climate change *** climate change is only assumed to affect the decay of the pole,i.e.,no change in hurricane hazard intensity,the corresponding increases in failure probability are 5%,22%,and 20% in Miami,Charleston,and New York City,*** implies that most of the impact of climate change on pole failure risk is due to the increase in hurricane *** impact of climate change on decay is found to be comparatively *** increases with time as variation in temperature and precipitation becomes more prominent towards the end of the 21st *** optimization results show that the optimal FRP repair time depends on how the FRP affects the pole's deca

关键词： Wood poles FRP repair Hurricane Wood decay Climate change adaptation

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Towards POI-based large-scale land use modeling: spatial scale, semantic granularity, and geographic context

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 430-445页

作者： Junchuan Fan Gautam Thakur Geospatial science and Human security Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA

The combination of spatial distribution,semantic characteristics,and sometimes temporal dynamics of POIs inside a geographic region can capture its unique land use *** previous studies on POI-based land use modeling research focused on one geographic region and select one spatial scale and semantic granularity for land use *** is a lack of understanding on the impact of spatial scale,semantic granularity,and geographic context on POI-based land use modeling,particularly large-scale land use *** this study,we developed a scalable POI-based land use modeling framework and examined the impact of these three factors on POI-based land use characterization using data from three geographic *** developed a unified semantic representation framework for POI semantics that can help fuse heterogeneous POI data ***,by combining POIs with a neural network language model,we developed a spatially explicit approach to learn the embedding representation of POIs and *** trained multiple supervised classifiers using AOI embeddings as input features to predict AOI land use at different semantic *** classification performance of different land use classes was analyzed and compared across three geographic regions to identify the semantic representativeness of POI-based AOI embedding and the impact of geographic context.

关键词： Land use POI geospatial semantic deep learning semantic granularity spatial scale

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shaped gold and silver nanoparticles

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Frontiers of Materials science 2011年第1期5卷 1-24页

作者： Yugang suN Changhua AN Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National Laboratory 9700 Cass Avenue Argonne IL 60439 USA state Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering China University of Petroleum Qingdao 266555 China

Advance in the synthesis of shaped nanoparticles made of gold and silver is reviewed in this article. This review starts with a new angle by analyzing the relationship between the geometrical symmetry of a nanoparticle shape and its internal crystalline structures. According to the relationship, the nanoparticles with well-defined shapes are classified into three categories： nanoparticles with single crystallinity, nanoparticles with angular twins, and nanoparticles with parallel twins. Discu.s.on and analysis on the classical methods for the synthesis of shaped nanoparticles in each category are also included and personal perspectives on the future research directions in the synthesis of shaped metal nanoparticles are briefly sum marized. This review is expected to provide a guideline in designing the strategy for the synthesis of shaped nanoparticles and analyzing the corresponding growth mechanism.

关键词： shaped nanoparticles geometric symmetry internal crystalline structure multiple twins gold silver

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sensitization of Hydrothermally Grown single Crystalline TiO2 Nanowire Array with Cdses Nanocrystals for Photovoltaic Applications

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Nano Research 2011年第12期4卷 1181-1190页

作者： Akshay Kumar Kuan-teh Li Anuj R. Madaria Chongwu Zhou department of Electrical Engineering and Center for energy Nanoscience and Technology University of Southern California Los AngelesCA 90089 USA

An oriented array of electron transporting nanowires, grown directly on a transparent conductor constitutes an optimal architecture for efficient photovoltaic applications. In addition, semiconductor nanocrystals can work as efficient light absorbers because of their tunable optical properties. In this paper, we use an oriented array of TiO2 nanowires grown directly on a transparent conductive electrode and su.s.quently sensitized with colloidally grown Cdses nanocrystal quantum dots （QDs）, using an efficient bi-linker assisted methodology, to demonstrate photovoltaic cells. upon excitation with light, exciton dissociation takes place at the nanowire-nanocrystal interface, after which, electrons are transported to the fluorine-doped tin oxide （FTO） electrode via single-crystalline TiO2 nanowire channels. We demonstrate that an ex situ ligand exchange of QDs followed by sensitization on oxygen-plasma treated TiO2 nanowires results in enhanced loading of QDs, as compared to the in situ ligand exchange approach. An array of 1μm long TiO2 nanowire sensitized with Cdses nanocrystals exhibits photovoltaic effects with a short-circuit current of 2-3 mA/cm2, an open circuit voltage of 0.6-0.7 V and a fill factor of 52-5%, resulting in devices with efficiencies of up to 0.6%.

关键词： TiO2 nanowire semiconductor nanocrystals solar cells hydrothermal growth

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Entropy generation in bypass transitional boundary layer flows

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2014年第5期26卷 669-680页

作者： GEORGE Joseph OWEN Landon D. XING Tao MCELIGOT Donald M. CREPEAu John C. BuDWIG Ralph s. NOLAN Kevin P. department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdaho 83843USA university of Idaho Idaho FallsIdaho 83402USA university of Idaho BoiseIdaho 83702USA Imperial College London London SW7-28ZUK

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of using computational fluid dynamics （CFD） turbulence models to predict entropy generation rates in bypass transitional boundary layers flows under zero and adverse pressure gradients. Entropy generation rates in such flows are evaluated employing the commercial CFD software, ANsYs FLuENT. Various turbulence and transitional models are assessed by comparing their results with the direct numerical simulation （DNs） data and two recent CFD studies. A solution verification study is conducted on three systematically refined meshes. The factor of safety method is used to estimate the numerical error and grid uncertainties. Monotonic convergence is achieved for all simulations. The Reynolds number based on momentum thickness, Reo, skin-friction coefficient, Cf, approximate entropy generation rates, s, dissipation coefficient, Cd , and the intermittency, y, are calculated for bypass transition simulations. All Reynolds averaged Navier-stokes （RANs） turbulence and transitional models show improvement over previous CFD results in predicting onset of transition. The transition ssT k - ω 4 equation model shows closest agreement with DNs data for all flow conditions in this study due to a much finer grid and more accurate inlet boundary conditions. The other RANs models predict an early onset of transition and higher boundary layer entropy generation rates than the DNs shows.

关键词： entropy generation bypass transition Reynolds averaged Navier-stokes (RANs) transitional boundary layer turbulence models

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Phase-field framework with constraints and its applications to ductile fracture in polycrystals and fatigue

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 149-163页

作者： Fei Xue Tian-Le Cheng Yinkai Lei You-Hai Wen u.s.DOE National energy Technology Laboratory AlbanyOR 97321USA Leidos Research support Team AlbanyOR 97321USA

Modeling of ductile fracture in polycrystalline structures is challenging,since it requires integrated modeling of cracks,crystal plasticity,and *** we extend the typical phase-field framework to the situations with constraints on the order parameters,and formulate two types of phase-field models on ductile *** Type-Ⅰ model incorporates three sets of order parameters,which describe the distributions of cracks,plastic strain,and grains,*** plasticity is employed within grain interiors accommodated by J_(2)plasticity at grain *** applications of the Type-Ⅰ model to single crystals and bicrystals demonstrate the influences of grain orientations and grain boundaries on crack *** the Type-Ⅱ model,J_(2)plasticity is assumed for the whole system and grain structures are *** advantage of the efficiency of the fast Fourier transform,our Type-Ⅱ model is employed to study low cycle *** closure and striation-like patterning of plastic strain are observed in the *** growth rate is analyzed as a function of the J-integral,and the simulated fatigue life as a function of plastic strain agrees with the Coffin–Manson relation without a priori assumption.

关键词： ductile fatigue grain

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Aptamer-based molecular imaging

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Protein & Cell 2012年第10期3卷 739-754页

作者： Tianjiao Wang Judhajeet Ray department of Biochemistry Biophysics and Molecular BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA

Molecular imaging has greatly advanced basic biology and translational medicine through visualization and quantification of single/multiple molecular events temporally and spatially in a cellular context and in living ***,short single-stranded nucleic acids selected in vitro to bind a broad range of target molecules avidly and specifically,are ideal molecular recognition elements for probe development in molecular *** review summarizes the current state of aptamer-based biosensor development(probe design and imaging modalities)and their application in imaging small molecules,nucleic acids and proteins mostly in a cellular context with some animal *** article is concluded with a brief discu.s.on on the perspective of aptamer-based molecular imaging.

关键词： aptamer imaging small molecule nucleic acid protein biosensor

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Machine learning inspired workflow to revise field development plan under uncertainty

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2023年第6期50卷 1455-1465页

作者： LOOMBA Ashish Kumar BOTECHIA Vinicius Eduardo sCHIOZER Denis José universidade Estadual de Campinas SP 13084-778Brazil

We present an efficient and risk-informed closed-loop field development (CLFD) workflow for recurrently revising the field development plan (FDP) using the accrued information. To make the process practical, we integrated multiple concepts of machine learning, an intelligent selection process to discard the worst FDP options and a growing set of representative reservoir models. These concepts were combined and used with a cluster-based learning and evolution optimizer to efficiently explore the search space of decision variables. unlike previous studies, we also added the execution time of the CLFD workflow and worked with more realistic timelines to confirm the utility of a CLFD workflow. To appreciate the importance of data assimilation and new well-logs in a CLFD workflow, we carried out researches at rigorous conditions without a reduction in uncertainty attributes. The proposed CLFD workflow was implemented on a benchmark analogous to a giant field with extensively time-consuming simulation models. The results underscore that an ensemble with as few as 100 scenarios was sufficient to gauge the geological uncertainty, despite working with a giant field with highly heterogeneous characteristics. It is demonstrated that the CLFD workflow can improve the efficiency by over 85% compared to the previously validated workflow. Finally, we present some acute insights and problems related to data assimilation for the practical application of a CLFD workflow.

关键词： field development plan closed-loop field development reservoir model machine learning reservoir uncertainty optimization reservoir simulation efficiency

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sorption of Eu^(3+) onto nano-size silica-water interfaces

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science China Earth sciences 2005年第11期48卷 1942-1948页

作者： Hu Ping1,2, YIN Xiulan3 , ZHAO Linghu1 & LI Dien4 1. department of Earth sciences, China university of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China 2. Northeastern Illinois university, Chicago, IL 60625, usA 3. China Institute of Geo-Environmental Monitoring, Beijing 100081, China 4. Division of Chemistry, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, usA 1. department of Earth sciences China University of Geosciences 430074 Wuhan China 2. Northeastern Illinois university 60625 Chicago IL USA 3. China Institute of Geo-Environmental Monitoring 100081 Beijing China 4. Division of Chemistry Los Alamos National Laboratory 87544 Los Alamos NM USA

The sorption of Eu.s.ecies onto nano-size silica-water interfaces is investigated at pH range of 1―8.5 and the initial Eu concentrations (CEu) of 2 × 10?5, 2 × 10?4 and 2 × 10?3 M using fluorescence spectroscopy. The sorption rate of Eu is initially low, but significantly in-creases at pH > 4. For the initial CEu of 2 × 10?5, 2 × 10?4 and 2 × 10?3 M, the dissolved Eu.s.e-cies are completely sorbed onto silica-water interfaces at pH = 4.75, ~5.8 and 6.6, respectively, with the respective sorption densities of ~1.58 × 10?8, 1.58 × 10?7 and 1.58 × 10?6 mol/m2. The sorbed Eu.s.ecies at pH s aquo Eu3+, which is sorbed onto silica-water interfaces as an outer-sphere complex at pH ut may be sorbed as an inner-sphere bidentate complex at 5 ue to the decrease of the NH2O to ~6 at pH = 6. At pH = 6 – 8, Eu(OH)2+, Eu(CO3)+ and Eu(CO3)2? form in the solutions, and Eu(CO3)+ is dominant at pH = ~7.5. These ions may be sorbed onto silica-water interfaces as inner-sphere bidentate complexes or multi-nuclear pre-cipitates.

关键词： surface sorption, Eu3+ species, nano-size silica, fluorescence spectroscopy, immobilization of toxic metals

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supplemental iodine as a key to reproduction in pandas?

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第2期7卷 175-182页

作者： Antoni V.MILEWsKI Ellen s.DIERENFELD Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology DST/NRF Centre of ExcellenceUniversity of Cape TownRondeboschSouth Africa Division of Animal sciences University of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA

Pandas are endemic to iodine-poor environments and appear to be specialized for a goitrogenic staple *** particular,the importance of thiocyanate in bamboos might possibly have been overlooked in captive breeding *** excreted in urine,thiocyanate first antagonizes absorption of iodine by the thyroid(of parent,fetus and suckling juveniles)and the mammary *** livestock and humans,subclinical deficiency of iodine is known to result in reproductive problems(including retardation of the fetus and suckling infant)even where the mother appears to be unaffected beyond slight hyperplasia of the thyroid and subtle hypothyroidism as reflected by levels of thyroid *** suggest that the possibilities of iodine deficiency or excess should be carefully considered wherever the reproductive rates of pandas are u.s.tisfactory.

关键词： iodine minerals nutrition pandas reproduction

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