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Is platinum-loaded titania the best material for dye-sensitized hydrogen evolution under visible light?

Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2024年第8期63卷 124-132页

作者： Haruka Yamamoto Langqiu Xiao Yugo Miseki Hiroto ueki Megumi Okazaki Kazuhiro sayama Thomas E.Mallouk Kazuhiko Maeda department of Chemistry School of ScienceTokyo Institute of Technology2-12-1-NE-2 OokayamaMeguro-kuTokyo 152-8550Japan department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania231 S.34th Street PhiladelphiaPA 19104United States Global Zero Emission Research Center(GZR) National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology(AIST)West16-1OnogawaTsukubaIbaraki 305-8569Japan International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics(WPI-MANA) National Institute for Materials Science(NIMS)TsukubaIbaraki 305-0044Japan Research Center for Autonomous systems Materialogy(AsMat) Tokyo Institute of Technology4259 Nagatsuta-choMidori-kuYokohamaKanagawa 226-8501Japan

A dye-sensitized photocatalyst combining Pt-loaded TiO_(2)and Ru(Ⅱ)tris-diimine sensitizer(RuP)was constructed and its activity for photochemical hydrogen evolution was compared with that of Pt-intercalated HCa_(2)Nb_(3)O_(10)*** the sacrificial donor ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA)disodium salt dihydrate was used,RuP/Pt/TiO_(2)showed higher activity than RuP/Pt/HCa_(2)Nb_(3)O_(10).In contrast,when NaI(a reversible electron donor)was used,RuP/Pt/TiO_(2)showed little activity due to back electron transfer to the electron acceptor(I3-),which was gener-ated as the oxidation product of I-.By modification with anionic polymers(sodium poly(styrenesulfonate)or sodium polymethacrylate)that could inhibit the scavenging of conduction band electrons by I3-,the H_(2)production activity from aqueous NaI was improved,but it did not exceed that of RuP/Pt/HCa_(2)Nb_(3)O_(10).Transient absorption measurements showed that the rate of semiconductor-to-dye back electron transfer was slower in the case of TiO_(2)than HCa_(2)Nb_(3)O_(10),but the electron transfer reaction to I3-was much *** results indicate that Pt/TiO_(2)is useful for reactions with sacrificial reductants(e.g.,EDTA),where the back electron transfer reaction to the more reducible product can be ***,more careful design of the catalyst will be nec-essary when a reversible electron donor is employed.

关键词： Artificial photosynthesis solar fuel Water splitting Z-scheme

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The expanding amyloid family:structure,stability,function,and pathogenesis

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四川生理科学杂志 2024年第1期46卷 106-106页

作者： Michael R sawaya departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry UCLA Los Angeles CA 90095 USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute UCLA Los Angeles CA 90095 USA uCLA-DOE Institute UCLA Los Angeles CA 90095 USA Molecular Biology Institute UCLA Los Angeles CA 90095 USA Laboratory of Physical Chemistry ETH Zurich Vladimir Prelog Weg 2 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland

The hidden world of amyloid biology has suddenly snapped into atomic-level focus,revealing over 80 amyloid protein fibrils,both pathogenic and *** globular proteins,amyloid proteins flatten and stack into unbranched *** still,a single protein sequence can adopt wildly different two-dimensional conformations,yielding distinct fibril polymorphs.

关键词： amyloid pathogenesis expanding

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Challenges and opportunities of machine learning control in building operations

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Building simulation 2023年第6期16卷 831-852页

作者： Liang Zhang Zhelun Chen Xiangyu Zhang Amanda Pertzborn Xin Jin The university of Arizona 1209 E 2nd StTucsonAZUSA Drexel university 3141 Chestnut StPhiladelphiaPAUSA National Renewable energy Laboratory 15013 Denver W PkwyGoldenCOUSA National Institute of standards and Technology 100 Bureau DrGaithersburgMDUSA

Machine learning control(MLC)is a highly flexible and adaptable method that enables the design,modeling,tuning,and maintenance of building controllers to be more accurate,automated,flexible,and *** research topic of MLC in building energy systems is developing rapidly,but to our knowledge,no review has been published that specifically and systematically focuses on MLC for building energy *** paper provides a systematic review of MLC in building energy *** review technical papers in two major categories of applications of machine learning in building control:(1)building system and component modeling for control,and(2)control process *** identify MLC topics that have been well-studied and those that need further research in the field of building operation *** also identify the gaps between the present and future application of MLC and predict future trends and opportunities.

关键词： machine learning building operation control building energy system reinforcement learning

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KAHAN's INTEGRATOR AND THE FREE RIGID BODYDYNAMICs

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 1999年第2期17卷 221-224页

作者： Mircea Puta(department of Mathematics, West university of Timisoara, B-dul. V.Pdrvan, 1900Timisoara, Romania European university Dragan, 1800 Lugoj, Romania)loan Casu(department of Mathematics, West university of Timisoara, B-dul. V. Parvan, 1900Timisoar West university of Timisoara 罗马尼亚

Kahan's integrator for the free rigid body dynamics is described and some ofits properties are pointed out.

关键词： Kahan's integrator Free rigid body

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Temperature dependence of pyro-phototronic effect on self-powered ZnO/perovskite heterostructured photodetectors

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Nano Research 2016年第12期9卷 3695-3704页

作者： Wenbo Peng Ruomeng Yu Xingfu Wang Zhaona Wang Haiyang Zou Yongning He Zhong Lin Wang school of Materials science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332-0245 USA school of Electronic and Information Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 China

self-powered ZnO/perovskite heterostructured ultraviolet （uV） photodetectors （PDs） based on the pyro-phototronic effect have been recently reported as a promising solution for energy-efficient, ultrafast-response, and high-performance uV PDs. In this study, the temperature dependence of the pyro-phototronic effect on the photo-sensing performance of self-powered ZnO/perovskite heterostructured PDs was investigated. The current responses of these PDs to uV light were enhanced by 174.1% at 77 K and 28.7% at 300 K owing to the improved pyro-phototronic effect at low temperatures. The fundamentals of the pyro-phototronic effect were thoroughly studied by analyzing the charge- transfer process and the time constant of the current response of the PDs upon uV illumination. This work presents in-depth understandings about the pyro- phototronic effect on the ZnO/perovskite heterostructure and provides guidance for the design and development of corresponding optoelectronics for ultrafast photo sensing, optothermal detection, and biocompatible optoelectronic probes.

关键词： self-powered ZnO perovskite pyro-phototronic effect temperature dependence

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Ambient synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical activity of LiFePO4 nanomaterials derived from iron phosphate intermediates

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Nano Research 2015年第8期8卷 2573-2594页

作者： Jonathan M. Patete Megan E. scofield Vyacheslav Volkov Christopher Koenigsmann Yiman Zhang Amy C. Marschilok Xiaoya Wang Jianming Bai Jinkyu Han Lei Wang Feng Wang Yimei Zhu Jason A. Graetz stanislaus s. Wong department of Chemistry State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook NY 77794-3400 USA Condensed Matter Physics and Materials sciences department Building 480 Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA department of Materials science and Engineering State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook NY 11794-2275 USA sustainable energy Technologies department Building 815 Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA National synchrotron Light source II Building 741 Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA

LiFePO4 materials have become increasingly popular as a cathode material due to the many benefits they possess including thermal stability, durability, low cost, and long life span. Nevertheless, to broaden the general appeal of this material for practical electrochemical applications, it would be useful to develop a relatively mild, reasonably simple synthesis method of this cathode material. Herein, we describe a generalizable, 2-step methodology of sustainably synthesizing LiFePO4 by incorporating a template-based, ambient, surfactantless, seedless, u-tube protocol in order to generate size and morphologically tailored, crystalline, phase-pure nanowires. The purity, composition, crystallinity, and intrinsic quality of these wires were systematically assessed using transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, high-resolution TEM （HRTEM）, scanning electron microscopy （sEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, selected area electron diffraction （sAED）, energy dispersive analysis of X-rays （EDAX）, and high-resolution synchrotron XRD. From these techniqu.s. we were able to determine that there is an absence of any obvious defects present in our wires, supporting the viability of our synthetic approach. Electrochemical analysis was also employed to assess their electrochemical activity. Although our nanowires do not contain any noticeable impurities, we attribute their less than optimal electrochemical rigor to differences in the chemical bonding between our LiFePO4 nanowires and their bulk-like counterparts. specifically, we demonstrate for the first time experimentally that the Fe-O3 chemical bond plays an important role in determining the overall conductivity of the material, an assertion which is further supported by recent ＂first-principles＂ calculations. Nonetheless, our ambient, solution-based synthesis technique is capable of generating highly crystalline and phase-pure energy-storage-relevant nanowires that can be tailored so as to fabricate different sized materials of repro

关键词： ambient synthesis template synthesis cathode material lithium iron phosphate nanostructures

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unveiling the parasitic-reaction-driven surface reconstruction in Ni-rich cathode and the electrochemical role of Li_(2)CO_(3)

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2023年第10期85卷 126-136,I0006页

作者： Jiyu Cai Zhenzhen Yang Xinwei Zhou Bingning Wang Ana suzana Jianming Bai Chen Liao Yuzi Liu Yanbin Chen shunlin song Xuequan Zhang Li Wang Xiangming He Xiangbo Meng Niloofar Karami Baasit Ali shaik sulaiman Natasha A.Chernova shailesh upreti Brad Prevel Feng Wang Zonghai Chen Chemical sciences and Engineering Division Argonne National Laboratory9700 South Cass AvenueLemontIL 60439USA Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National Laboratory9700 South Cass AvenueLemontIL 60439USA Condensed Matter Physics and Materials science department Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY 11973USA energy and Photon sciences Directorate Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY 11973USA Beijing Easprint Material Technology Co.Ltd. Beijing 100160China Institute of Nuclear and New energy Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China department of Mechanical Engineering University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA Charge CCCV(C4V) 45 Murray Hill RoadCenter of ExcellenceBinghamton UniversityVestalNY 13850USA Primet Precision Materials 950 Danby RoadIthacaNY 14850USA Applied Materials Division Argonne National Labo

Nickel-rich transition-metal oxides are widely regarded as promising cathode materials for high-energydensity lithium-ion batteries for emerging electric vehicles. However, achieving high energy density in Ni-rich cathodes is accompanied by su.s.antial safety and cycle-life obstacles. The major issu.s.of Ni-rich cathodes at high working potentials are originated from the u.s.able cathode-electrolyte interface, while the underlying mechanism of parasitic reactions towards surface reconstructions of cathode materials is not well understood. In this work, we controlled the Li_(2)CO_(3) impurity content on LiNi_(0.83)Mn_(0.1)Co_(0.07)O_(2) cathodes using air, tank-air, and O_(2) synthesis environments. Home-built high-precision leakage current and on-line electrochemical mass spectroscopy experiments verify that Li_(2)CO_(3) impurity is a significant promoter of parasitic reactions on Ni-rich cathodes. The rate of parasitic reactions is strongly correlated to Li_(2)CO_(3) content and severe performance deterioration of Ni83 *** post-mortem characterizations via high-resolution transition electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiles reveal that parasitic reactions promote more Ni reduction and O deficiency and even rock-salt phase transformation at the surface of cathode materials. Our observation suggests that surface reconstructions have a strong affiliation to parasitic reactions that create chemically acidic environment to etch away the lattice oxygen and offer the electrical charge to reduce the valence state of transition metal. Thus, this study advances our understanding on surface reconstructions of Nirich cathodes and prepares us for searching for rational strategies.

关键词： Ni-rich cathodes surface reconstructions Phase transformation Parasitic reactions Li_(2)CO_(3)

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GPu accelerated MFiX-DEM simulations of granular and multiphase flows

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Particuology 2022年第3期20卷 14-24页

作者： Liqiang Lu National energy Technology Laboratory MorgantownWV 26507United States Leidos Research support Team MorgantownWV 26506United States

In this research,a Graphical Processing unit(GPu)accelerated Discrete Element Method(DEM)code was developed and coupled with the Computational Fluid Dynamic(CFD)software MFiX to simulate granular and multiphase flows with heat transfers and chemical *** Fortran-based CFD solver was coupled with the CuDA/C++based DEM solver through inter-process *** speedup to the CPu version of MFiX-DEM is about 130-243 folds in the simulation of particle *** fluidized bed simulations,the DEM computation time is reduced from 91%to 17%with a speedup of 78 *** simulation of Geldart A particle fluidization revealed a similar level of importance of both fluid and particle *** filtered drag derived from the two-fluid model is suitable for Euler-Lagrangian simulations with both fluid and particle *** overcorrects the influence of sub-grid structures if used for simulations with only fluid coarse-graining.

关键词： GPu MFIX DEM Drag Fluidization

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Comprehensive study of a versatile polyol synthesis approach for cathode materials for Li-ion batteries

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Nano Research 2019年第9期12卷 2238-2249页

作者： Hyeseung Chung Antonin Grenier Ricky Huang Xuefeng Wang Zachary Lebens-Higgins Jean-Marie Doux shawn sallis Chengyu.s.ng Peter Ercius Karena Chapman Lou.s.F.J.Piper Hyung-Man Cho Minghao Zhang Ying shirley Meng department of NanoEngineering University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Chemistry department Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794USA department of Physics Applied Physics and AstronomyBinghamton UniversityBinghamtonNY 13902USA Advanced Light source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA 94720USA National Center for Electron Microscopy Molecular FoundryLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

This work reports a comprehensive study of a novel polyol method that can successfully synthesize layered LiNi0.4Mn0.4Co0.2O2,spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4,and olivine LiCoPO4 cathode *** properly designed,polyol method offers many advantages such as low cost,ease of use,and proven scalability for industrial *** importantly,the unique properties of polyol solvent allow for greater morphology control as shown by all the resulting materials exhibiting monodispersed nanoparticles *** morphology contributes to improved lithium ion transport due to short diffusion ***-synthesized LiNi0.4Mn0.4Co0.2O2 delivers a reversible capacity of 101 and 82 mAh.g-1 using high current rate of 5C and 10C,*** also displays surprisingly high surface structure stability after chargedischarge *** step of the reaction was investigated to understand the underlying polyol synthesis mechanism.A combination of in situ and ex situ.s.udies reveal the structural and chemical transformation of Ni-Co alloy nanocrystals overwrapped by a Mn-and Li-embedded organic matrix to a sedes of intermediate phases,and then eventually to the desired layered oxide phase with a homogeneous distribution of Ni,Co,and *** envisage that this type of analysis will promote the development of optimized synthesis protocols by establishing links between experimental factors and important structural and chemical properties of the desired *** insights can open a new direction of research to synthesize high-performance intercalation compounds by allowing unprecedented control of intermediate phases using experimental parameters.

关键词： polyol cathode synthesis nanoparticle LiNi0.4Mn0.4Co0.2O2(NMC)

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Development of high damage threshold laser-machined apodizers and gain filters for laser applications

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High Power Laser science and Engineering 2016年第3期4卷 113-119页

作者： Patrick Rambo Jens schwarz Mark Kimmel John L.Porter sandia National Laboratories

We have developed high damage threshold filters to modify the spatial profile of a high energy laser beam. The filters are formed by laser ablation of a transmissive window. The ablation sites constitute scattering centers which can be filtered in a su.s.quent spatial filter. By creating the filters in dielectric materials, we see an increased laser-induced damage threshold from previous filters created using ‘metal on glass' lithography.

关键词： apodization laser beam shaping laser micro-machining spatial filtering

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